US907688A - Gas-making apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

0. H. ENSIGN. GS MAKERS APPARATUS. Arrmouzol FILED 14:11.25, 1907.

,688. .Patented neg. 22, 1908.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

0. H. ENSIGN.

GAS MAKING APPARATUS.

ArPLroATIol rILBn P3125, 1an# 907,688. Patented Dec. 22, 1908.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

. y 26 l wneauas fwehior 45. r'QzZZeIIZZ-Tmg'gn 0.. H. ENSIGN.

GAS MAKING APPARATUS.

APPLIUATION FILED Hm. 25. 1907.

907,688@ Patented fn'. 22, 1908.

s Simms-SHEET a.

fig@ No. 907,633; f

l Specication of Letters Patent.

Pa'a'eteaneei 22, reeelV Appiicaaon and February; .25,1901 serial No; '9,2a4

Tofallwhom it .may concern; ,1

Beit-.known thatl, ORVILLE H1 ENsIGN, a. citizen ofthe United States, residing at .Los Angeles, in the county Aof Los Angeles e and Stateof California, have invented new and. useful improvementsl .in Gas-lliaking Apparatus, of which the following'is a speciication This invention relates to that class-of gas makingapparatus adapted to mingle oxygen with carbonaceous gas and in which the lgas generator continuously vsupplied with tivo or more readilyfilowing gasmaking sub-` stances liquld or pulveri'zed fuel and air object ofgthis invention is to Aprovide means-whereby a constant .quality of gas -fo1 -domestic z and commercial use', for.` heat,

light,- power. and. otherl purposes, 'may .be produced in-the; simplest andy most economical lway, and .made 'readyfor use or storageoutside the producer.

The invention. may be carried out in various Ways .and,`is not limited to specific =.cludes `epeci e, apparatus invente 4by me ,forthe urpose as :will hereinafter appear.

ob] ect' of -invention is to l'maintain i p1-oper.quantitative relations between vari- BQ ,011s material/ sas .oiland air used in making fgthe v quantityofair Vdelivered as-a basis for the quantity of other material orlmaterials;

advantagebeingtaken of the fact that the quantity, ot air which -Will pass through a. I- givenl-iiiredforiiie practically hearsa deter- -4Q minable relation to the dilferences inressure on.thei'oppositeisides of said ved orifice. .'lfhesedifferences 1n 'the uantities o frair deliveredV vary approximate y Aas the beingiresistedfbya Weightoperating on the f-peripheryofa cam Whiclij is c'onnectedwith the partition and makes an angular,move?v ment proportional to the latera' movement empirically. Y

Any form' of fuel that-may move as a f the partiticm. They cam is so constructed 55 nd connected with the weight'that it offers a' resistance to the movement of. thep'artif tion pro ortional to the quantity of `air which .Wl be `delivered through' tjliejfixed orifice, under varying' pressure, and'tl1e60 force a plied' therethrough "tends -to -nor'- mally clbse the valve.V i

' To obtain thecorrect mixture under any capacity of generator oriunder 'any condi? tions asto quantity-of gas beingma'dq the 65V fuel valveoperably'co'nnected with the partition-'and movingwith it'y is opened land closed thereby so'asto have an an `lar .opening proportional to the quantity o vfeasbemg made which quantity 1s controlledtby 70 thebquantity of air admitted as above'desorted,"

Means"""ar fprovided :fori manual regulation of the uelfvalve whereby the same'A may be'fset at the' will ofv the 'o' erator, to 75 determine thequan'tity of fuelt at Vwill be delivered at any definite position of fthe automatic means, so thatthe' increase or decrease of ilo'w caused by' adetermined movement o f the automatic lmeans may be greater or less, depending "on the lmanual adjustment.- lor this pur o s'e ther valve -seat or shell `'liasia'longitu inal 'movement so designed that' the.relationsofairitoffel at any stage of. the gas making processi may be controlled by the 'operator andwhen once adjusted the' angular movement of the valve controlledby the partition will maintain a coustant' mixture for all quantities .lof gas` being made. AIt is evident that various means forproportionally increasing and decreasingivthe valvel closing force'or resistanceinay be employed Without departing from this"involition. )I prefer to use a Weight andicam` 95 .and ay patition moved bythe yresultant of the air pressures in the apparatuso'n oppor resisting' 'the i movement-1 'of `the" partition 100 aridfor closingthe valve may constructed "Inafkirigfv arious4 radii of the ca'm portion var.y I le'ng th' progressively approximately as the fstiuareroots' of numbers running 'from f1 u'pff The fexactfcurve may be determined L05 fluid 'may'V be employed' inVl the process' of on line act-azz, Fig. 1.

automatic regulation.

prducing gas vwith apparatus embodying:

this invention, such` fuel may be of various forms of crnde petroleum or its distillate, hot asphaltun, coal tar, or other liquid substances known to the art for the production of gas. 4

'lhe accompanying the invention in a form i at present deem most advisable.

-lligu're 1 is a fragmental, sectional elevationof a gas apparatus embodying this invention. big. 2 is afplan partly in section' ll'ig. is a fragmental sectional plan showingthevalve on an enlarged sca-e and a part of the connection for li'ig`.--4 is an elevaL tion from line -x4, Fig. 1, partly broken. Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation on line :tsr-x5, 4, looking in Fig. 6`is an'axial section of the fuel adjusting Fig. 'is a section of -tlie sameon' 'line :v7-x7, Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is aview of --portions of a gas plant providedwith apparatus embodying the invention. -Big. .9 is a view ona small scale of the apparatus showing valves-for feeding two gas forming matei'a'ls. m

1 in a generalway represents agas producer; 2, a fuel supplypipe controlled" by valve means 3.'

4 represents an chamber supplied through a vdeterxiiined or vfixed orice' from an air pressure pipe 6 which is supplied by any suitable means as blower 7 which produces an artificial pressure'of air within said pipe 6, at said fixed orifice, greaterA than the atmospheric pressure to -Which the apparatus is subjected.

The orifice 5 is of considerably less area, than .eithertlie air inlet 4 or the pressure pipe '6,

so that the throttlin by the margins of the oriiiee. 5 will practica y be the only resistance between the air supply and and said resistance must refor any given adjustment ,of

Said orifice may be vari- Vgas'v producer,

mai-ii constant the uelevalve. ouslyshaped. For moderate pressures ranges fthe form shown will serve. means for supplying air to the gas-producer through-a iixed orifice may include the conv.tracted end of the airpipe, as indicated at the left of the character 6 in Big.

'1. Said orifice is shown opening directly toward the air-inlet 4.

The oil-regulating valve 3 has manual and automatic'adjustnients,'the one being'to determine the proportion of fuel to a given' of air, and tlieothervto maintain g such proportion under the varying' presquantity sures and therefore varying quantities of air Vdelivered to the apparatus. adjustments are of divers charac-ters,

drawings illustrate the direction of the arrow..

air inlet to thegenerating andl 'l lie and may vaiy from 'the outlet side Wit These two z in the torni shown in the drawing the one is longitudinal and the other angular.

The l be driven by such pressure 'senese manual adjustment is accomplished by av 9, the latter working through a 11, and operating axially a valve sleeve V12 that is incased in 'valve body 13' and surrounds valve-plug 14.'

15 i's a nut by which the screw-stem 9 is swiveled'in Vthe valve-sleeve 12. Said valve sleeve 12 is kept from turning in the valve body 13 by means of a screw 16 in' key-way 17 extending along the. sleeve 12. 'lhe valve body- 13 is provided with a transverse way constituting an inlet 1S and an outlet- 19.` The valve sleeve' is provided onthe inlet side with' a -restricted port '2O and on a free or much larger, port'21.- AThe'valve-plug 14 is rotatable iii' the sleeve 1 2 and valve body' 13, and is provided 'with a port spending in size to the restricted inlet port '20 of the valve-sleeve 12.. Y

The port'22 in the valve-plug is `adapted to be brought into angular adjustable relationswith port 20in the valve-sleeve, while 22 substantially correport 20 in the valve-sleeve 'may be adjusted to longltudinal or axial relations with ort 1 isradjustment o-tli'eA two mem ers -a very small opening or no.

opening at all, upto -a positionwheretlie 'two conincide, givingv an extreme opening clpial to the area of ort 22 tliroughboth the e p g and sleeve. y this'nieans it is pos.- sibleto adjust the liow of fuel to anic'ety.

In order that the supply of -tuel and air may be constantly maintained in ropertions determined by the operator-to e requisite for the production ot the required' gas, pneumatic means, generally indicated at 23 are provided and operably connected by pipes 24 and 25 with tlieair conduit on opposite sides of the fixed orifice -55 Said4 neumatie means mayl comprise two variable air chambers 2G and 2T, having extensible walls 28, 29, which are Lotli connected vto a movable partition 3 0 `which is in turn connected by suitable mechanical ineens to rotate the valve to open and close the seine in correspondence with the position ei the partition or diaphragm 30. Said nir-chan'- iodo ical connection between the partition 30 and the valve-arm 31 may be in -tlie forni of a rack 32 attached to the partition and engaging a. sector 33 fixed tlii'oiwli valve ami 3i, to the valve-plug 14. 'llieicads a, l, oi'tlie chambers are held iiiiixcd relation by supports c.

lt is evident. that in case the pressures on opposite sides of the partition 30- were Vthe same, saidfpartition ivolfltl befree to nieve in either direction fromany exteinal torce, and that in casetlie pressure in the pressure pipe 6 eter-cds thetot the air-cn the fui-ther side of the fixed .orifice .5, the partition will to expand the 'cham-ber subject to excessive air. pressure,`

. line- 37 attached 39jon cam shaft respectively, The valve-plug and the' eon. the same," the partition. arrangedl that thel havinga chare of water inthe bend:l

thus to rotate the valve.

.3 4 is a coun weight connected tha'thas a deiin airgvelocities through the fixedA orifice may' vary, as will hereinafter be described, and is' terbil-lance in the formof a by a hne with a cam 36 ite involu te curve `va rymg as connected -with the valveplug 14 through nections betwe 'and the weight,A are so tendency of the Weight is to pulle} T vsegmentsv 38 and' 40 end valvegear sector 33,

to draw the partition-against the air pressurefromthe pressure pipe 6 and to totally close the valve.l the ca m is approximately. loimed so that the radii forming the sides of The curve of the, angles sub `actual pressure able partition an The .cam 36 nested with the sistance to the will correspond delivered 41 represents a the differential' ofA side' of the differential.

3, 4, etc., up tejhe it .may be deani should 'be devel edior.;

"pressuregage in icating the ressures 'on' elther ted orifice, or" the o shown;

is sov constructed and loon- Weight that it oliers Suchre- .movement of the partition partition 27' are reciproca-ily expansible and'eontraetible, and that o forms a Wall for other face form ne -faee of the artition 3()v one of said cham ers and the wall for the o therof said chambers; consequently, 'each chambex has l a Wallthat moves simultaneously with a Wall of theother chamber, the movement of one Wall tending'at one instantto expand its chamberand the movement of the. other Wall tending to and vice versa.

tion 'of the e contract the other chamber, I do not limit the construcxpansible and eontractible chambers to' .the form shown, as various other Ways may sultant ore'eof two chambers n be devised in which the vre-v the opposed pressure inthe my be applied tooperatet'he fueLvalveorval'Yes. the, constructronshonjn itjis fes' tlm -of is --allowed,' the the portion of 'the System vis, relie' .d and-ft erating to 'move the'mov- -thereby to move the Valve'l and regulating the amount .of fuel supplied, Said gage maybe' in the. forni of a 'manomeJ terconsistingof a bent glasst'ube as 'exact relationto lgas,thu`s o ening the chambers 26and` 42, 42', 43,' '43',5e'd by Suitable mens, as 65' ri 'ets 44, to the partition'SO Aand swung bylinks 45,46, thatare pivotedito' the arms at theends thereof, as'shown at'47- and 48', 'and to the stationary Wallsd, b, of the'c11`ambe1s e by pi ots-49,` 50,f through^ brackets 51, 52, 70

Byf supporting the perIA tition, 'assho'wm a limited movement there# same *being ,sufficient to fully open and -close the Valve vatopposite 2 endsV of such movement. The resisting force 75 #applied to the 'cam is' madel ustable= by` means of separable Weights 34 so theta defii v nite resultant of pressures onopp'osite sides` of the partition 30 Still-hold thelpartition'lat its midway ositionillustrated11nthe several views, 't ius-to hold the valve halfopen 1n its angular adjustment, as shown in F ig.'3. tending 'the successive ares vary from the square root of 1 and so on to the square root of 2 In case 4no gas vis'being used,`the pressures on 'opposite sides of the. o xifieei'Sl-and *arti-f" tion 30 willbeequalized andthe W'eig KS4-"85 will bring the partition-to resti"positi'cni tofr-i allow gas to escape from :theflsua' ffhol'dei", not=sl1o\\n,vof they syst em", fthef- "ress ure inside ieffpressure-inpipe 6 loutsidet'he .iixedo'rificef 5 'and 'ih-"the I chamber 126' moves the-partition in opposition' tol the `Weight, 'and by reason' ofthe-cam; in

Athe volume of YI,the escaping 1 vvthe valve and admitting .95 `the require amount'f of fuelito the generators' The operator 'may fadj ust the valve long i-f tudinallv 'so as Vto allow the requisiteamo-unt of fuel io-pass into the generator'vith a' dei telmined amount of air. -Wlien onee ad' justed for a given quality of'fuel,"the"auto matie adjustment will operate -toma-intainVA thesame proportions of airand fuel' under? the various demands madeuponthe'generator, as the quantity'of gasl used`inereases and decreases, as the v'alv'e'open's sind-closes, so that each .denite positionoffthevalve i will correspond 'to adefinitef'quantity oi'f'airl 'In Fig. 9, 53 designates a fuelpip'e which? may carry steam, the s'amezbeing-controlled by a Val 'e 54 oper-ated .by segments 55 and '56, the latter being connected-to turn Withthe valve plug 14; the steampipe 53 being' led into the gasproducerat alsuitablepla'ce for combining ith the oil inthe production lof gas. -F rom the broken-nature of-'this`-iew' the connection bet-Ween the steam'pipe-aridthe generator is oI'I 1;ittecl.-"fv 1 It is to be understood froniFig-.-'Sthatfthe discharge pipe 60 the'left of the viewjleads totlies'ual .waslif andascriibber Prliit'l'llffnl i snmpronfrequin ample,- gasfengines r tic n 1s .j' 'l l* '7=*'I I f'^"ractif caf1 operation a e afr'ic'hsharge' for 2tl1"gas"\\fllbe fproxided for 'yopehing pipe 2 and allowedvto flow the prop machine will proceed The flow of oil necessar to produce ally. quality ofthe gas, the regulator, the partltion 30 and the corresponding valel plug 14, will hae assumed aposition corresponding -to adifference in pressure onop oslte vsides of fixed orifice 5 and op weight -2o 34. Now the regu escape ofafixedquantity of gas'- aboe'referred to is closed, whichewillpre''entthe escape ofgas from chamber 1 and therefore' v'v-illprepartition 30,'Which will a o -will come to the same va vent any iiow of air from the fixed orifice 5; pressures on opposite sides of'fixed orice 5 lue, aridgcounter carri 36 and Weight Aand shut off 34, operating through val V'e luff 14 will'close port 20 all fue 'A f it is desired. tocontinue to 'make' gasto meet the variable demand, such vari l ble demand ofl 'as will cause afvariation of pressure in chamber 1, such' a variationof pressure will be transmitted through air pipe 25 into chamber27 actin u on the side` 'of mo' e the plug 14 to regulate" the supplypf oil'in roportion to the quantity ofair deh.'-

ered t irough fixed orificef'y and this opera-..

tion will continue automatioeilyforan indefi' nite period.'

'lclaimz-f.

1. -ln a gas-making apparatus, the combination with a gas producer, of means to supply fuel under pressure to the producer,l means to supply air under pressure to said reducer through va fixed orifice, and means or increasing and decreasing the flow .of` fuel Ato the .gas producer'lproportionauy 'as the volume of air 4supplied' th`ereto increases and decreases, said means being'operable fuel thereto,

by: the resultantof the air pressuresin the apparatus on opposite sides of said orifice.

2.-A gas generator, means for supplying fuel regulating' means, means for supplying air to'said generator, and pneumatic means operablebyvthe force resulting from the differences .of -air ressures between the supply of air outside o airinside of the gas producer, sai pneumatic means being operably connected with the fuel regulating mean's' -to maintain constant quantitative relations air and fuel admitted to the generator.

3. Ai as producer, means for supplying air and uelthereto, pneumatic means opernot shown. Oil is I 7 is then startedl and a oonstant'pressure ofair supplied to 'erthequal-- the airand fuel.; .i

Then the to operate automatic`- During the p r'ocessof regulating' the osed y 4counter.v atedoutlet for the ymeasure tooperate.

SQA' gas producer, partition 30 toi.

. the'op'enmg supply pressure' t and the as and 'chamber to supplypriessure thereto fromthe 4other sidejof' said ed orice, means oper- `atively connecting said between vthe spaces au@ by the V'fome' resti' ing nem- @he-diner- .ences 'of -air pressuresins'de andoutsijde the gas' producer caused 'bythe demand a supply of gas 'at'j the outlet"of.the gasping ducer, and fuel supp erablyconnected with saidpneumaticmeans I to, maintain qu antitativeV lrel'atior is y-betw'een, l

v4. rlhe combination with 'of -means for supplying flowing -fuel Vthereto under pressure, means valve to control the and -'means' for applying power ure to operatefthe valve.

. 5.A The combination of means for supplying under pressure, means through 4a xedforifice under. pressure, a

ducer, means operable by the force resulting 'from the differences of airpressure lon opin'- a variable pos'ite sides of'` said orifice, andmeans f'o'r applying powertherefrom the valve, said variable' for :supplying air" through. a fixed' orifice under p ressure, a

flow of fuel tothe profY "ducer, means operableby'the *force resulting 7 'from the difierence'sof'air 'pressure ongopposite sides ofsaid orifice,

' therefrom in 4a .variable meas-- with 'ajgas prduceigflowing fuel theretgi'v .fOr SUPP-lying' @w55 -.valve to' controltheflowoffuel-to the p ro means having a vvariable coefiicient varyingof the/air through' the 'with' the velocity' fixed orifice due sure on opposite sides' thereof. means -f0r..-Suri 1yine fuel thereto, a valve to'regulate such means, means '.for sup lying air -to'the -producer through a fixe .orifoc, two extensible chambers having-fXed-,heads and a 'movable partition. between sa1dch'ambers,

means connected. th one 'of the' chambers tosupply pressurethereto1 from one sideof the Xed orifice, other chamber .to supply. pressureithereto from the other side of -sald fixed orifice, means operatively connecting said partition with said valve,

close the valve when the pressures on opposite sides pf said orifice are equal, and to resist movement tl'ui'reof.'V

7. A gas producer, means for supplying fuel thereto, a valve to regulate such means, 'means for sup lying air. to the .producer through a- Vfixe orifice, two colla sible and extensible chambers having fixed eads and to the differences in pres-.

collapsible and means connected 'withthe and yielding means to normally a movable partition between s aid chambers,

one of the chambers to ereto frQm one side of the connecting the. other means connectin fixed orifice, means artition with said and variable yiel means to norvalve whenthe pressures on opposite sides'. o`f said orifice are equal, and to resist the opening movement thereof.

valve Inally close the 8. A gas producer, means for supplying fuel thereto, a valve for regulating tue supply of fuel, a movable partition connected with said valve to open and close the same,

fined orifice, and variable means to resist the` opening movement of-said valve and to normally close said valve when the pressure on opposite sides of said partition are equall 9. Two reciprocalli,f collapsible and expansible chambers provided with fixed heads and with walls formed of a movable partition between said heads, a gas producer, means for supplying fuel thereto, a valve to vcontrolsaid means, means connecting the partition with said valve to open and'close the same means for suo hung air to the as 1 A r o producer through a fixed orifice, a cam,

means for transmitting motion between the cam and the valve to close the valve,a source of power, means for applying said power tov the face of the cam to actuate the cam tof close the valve andto resist the opening movementv thereof, means connecting one of the expansible chambers with the airsup plying means on one side of the hired orifice, and means connecting the other expansible chamber with the .air-supplying means on the other side of the fixed orifice.

l0. The combination with a gas generator,

of means for supplying fuel thereto under pressure, means for supplying air to said generator under pressure through a fined orifice, a valve to control-thc fio'w ofthe fuel,

means to normally close the vali/'e when all outlets to the generator` are closed and no air entering the generator, and. -means to open the valve, the same being operable by the force resulting from the differences of pressure which may occur on oppositesides of the fixed orifice due to the gas being made and allowed -to pass afrom the generator, thereby lowering the pressure in the generator sufficiently to allowthe -air to pass through the fixed orifice;4 the quantity passing depending upon the drop in pressure within the generator that causes the difl`er ences of pressures above referred to on opposite sides of the fixed orifice; said means to close the .valve being variable and constructed to increase and decrease the force to resist the opening movement of the valve creases and decerases.

to under approximately constant pressure,"

hired dimensions opening into the producer,

pressure, means for controlling the quantity otfuel delivered to the producer, pneumatic means connected with said controlling means and connected with the air conduit and the interior of the producer on opposite sides of the fixed orifice and operable by the re sultant of the pressures in said conduit and producer, means for causing a variable 1-e sistance to the movement of the pneumatic means, such resistance increasing with the increase of said resultant, whereby the pneun matic means will move in proportion to the cluantitgr ot air delivered at any diderence of pressure through the fixed orifice whereby the pneumatic means will assume if' different position for any difference of pressure and will operate the fuel-,controlling means to supply fuel .at arate corres onding to the said fixed orifice at that particular difference of pressure. A

12. The combination with a gas producer, of means to suppljT fuel thereto, means tol supply air to the producer through a xed orifice, a fuel-rcgulating valvehaving mandetermine the proportion vof fuel to a'gi'ven quantityof air, and the other to'm'antain su ch proportions under the varying pressures, and means to operate said automatic adjustment, the same being operable bv the differ:- ences of air pressuresin said supp y means onl opposite sides of said fixed orifice.

13. VThe combination with' a gas producer, oi `means for supplying fuelthereto, means' for supplying air to the producer through a .lined opening, a valvel for controlling the fuel, the same comprising a valve bodyprovided with transverse way, an 'axially body, the same being provided-auth a transverse way, a rotary valve-plug provided with a @transverse way, means for adjusting' the `'sleeve axially, means to rotate the valveplug to close the way, the-same comprising a cam having an involute face, a connection over said Vface of the cam, a weight on said connection, means connecting the' cam with said valve stem to close the same as the weight descends, and pneumatic means operable bv the resultant of the air pressures on opposite sides of said fixed orifice, the same being connected to open the valve as the difference in the pressures on opposite sides of said orifice increases, the curve of said cam being approximately formed so that the proportionaliy as the said resultxntforce an, air conduit provided with an orifice 'ofv means for supplying air to'said conduit under.

rate at which air would be de ivered throughual and automatic adjustments, one beingtol movable nonqotary valve-sleeve in. said Vll. Agas-maliing apparatus comprising s gas producer, means for supplying fuel there radii forming the sides of the 'angles subhand at Los Angeles California this 15th' v'tending lLhe successive ares vary from the dey of February 1907 square root of' one and so on to the square .v 4 l 1 .root of ltwo and soon, up to the number of ORVHVJLE H' EBSKT' divisions covering the portion of e complete In presence of vrevolution required. v A JAMES P..ToWNs END,

ln testimony whereof, I have hereunto set M. BEULAH TOWNSEND.

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