US900671A - Brake-gear for winding machinery. - Google Patents

Description

H. J. DEBAUGHE.

BRAKE GEAR FOR WINDING MACHINERY. APPLiOATION FILED APR. 2a, 1908.

900,671. Patented 001;. 6,1908.

H. J. DBBAUGHR BRAKE GEAR FOR WINDING MACHINERY.

APPLIUATIOH FILED APR; 28, 1908.

Patefited 0012.6, 1908.

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H. J'- DEBAUCHE. BRAKE GEAR FOR WINDING MACHINERY. Ayrmcynon 311312123. 28,1903. 900, Patented 0013. 6, 1908. s spams-$33M a.

HUBEBT JOSEPH DEBAUGHE, OF GILLY, BELGIUM.

BRAKE-GEAR FOR WINDING- MACHINERY.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, I-IUBERT J osnrrr DE- BAUCHE, a subject of the King of the Belgians, residing at Gilly, in the Kingdom of Belgium, have invented new and useful Im- I provements in Brake-Gear for Winding Machinery, of which the following is a specification.

In winding machinery the question of brake gear arranged to stop the winding cages has always presented the greatest interest by reason of the grave and relatively frequent accidents caused by the absence of safety gear which will afiord the desirable guarantees. This interest is increased in proportion to the increase of depth of the pit shafts which involves the high speed of winding and thus increases, the danger of operation of the cages.

Generally winding machinery is furnished with the following safety apparatus:

(A) A main power device of such power that the unwinding of the gear is' impossible even if steam is operating on the piston. This power device is put into action by hand by the driver or automatically.

(B) A mechanism called a prevention device putting the main power device into action automatically if the cage passes a certain height above the pit mouth level.

Experience has shown manytimes the nonefficiency and even danger ofthese devices. In effect the putting in action of the main power device upon a winding gear operated at high speed has always involved grave danger either to the machinery or to other parts of the installation. Further when the cage traverses the pit mouth at a great speed, as it passes the criticalspace (consisting of the intermediate space which it ought not to pass between the. pit mouth and the winding pulleys above) in a very short time, i. e. in a small fraction of a second the accident occurs before the mechanism of the said 1 prevention device has been able to put the main power device into action. In other words thetime necessary for the prevention device to put the main power device into action is greater than the time taken by the cage to traverse the critical space if it is operated at a great speed.

It follows from the preceding that the devices A and B are only able to operate suitably if the rising cage passes the surface of the pit mouth with a very small velocity, 71. 0. when the danger ism'l, or nearly so. In

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April 28, 1908. Serial N 0. 429,666.

Patented Oct. 6, 1908.

consequence it is indispensable that each winding machine independently of the devices A and B indicated above be furnished with a device which may be called a light power device adapted to fulfil the following conditions:

1. To be put instantaneously into action upon a winding engine which turns at its greatest velocity in developing its maximum work and to stop it in a relatively short time and without causing any damage.

2. To be variable, 2'. e. that it may go on increasing from the starting in action up to the stoppage of the machine. At this moment the power should be such that the machine cannot be moved under the action of the cages.

3. To be put into action by hand by the driver irrespective of the position of the cages in the shaft. To be controlled by the same lever as the main power device, 71. e. by virtue of the simple hand lever the driver should be able to actuate either the light power device only or the two power devlces together.

4. To operate automatically in the dangerous zone of the shaft. The length of the dangerous zone is such that if it is supposed that the light power device commences to operate upon the apparatus moving at its maximum velocity when the rising cage enters this zone, the machine may be completely stopped before the rising cage reaches the surface of the pit mouth.

5. At the moment of passage of the rising cage into the dangerous zone to continuously control the velocity of the apparatus up to the arrival of the cage at the pit mouth, and if the slowing of the apparatus is not such as to insure the arrival of the cake at the surface with a velocity equal or less than the very small velocity assigned wit that avoids danger, then to automatically come into action and stop the apparatus.

6. To be capable of operating at all times as well as for the time the rising cage is in the dangerous zone, 2'. e. the brake will stop the machine as many times as the driver deviates from the prescribed speed.

7 The apparatus having been stopped and being immovable under the action of the light power-device the mechanism of this latter tobe capable of being freed and ready to act afresh and instantaneously so as to allow the driver to continue the ascension.

8. At the commencement of a descent the apparatus may attain very rapidly its regular velocity which is so much the better for the good utilization of the steam without the apparatus of the light power device in juring the working of the apparatus.

The brake mechanisms in the drawings completely satisfy all these requirements, and they are represented as applied to a pendulum brake, but it follows that they can beapplied on the brake in a pit or-any other brake space.

In the drawings, Figure 1 represents a side elevation of the principal parts of the hoisting apparatus and controlling means therefor, parts being in section; Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the auxiliary steam cylinder and its valves; Fig. 3 is a like view of the main power device on the broken line 3-3 of Fig. 4, including a sectional view of one of the valves of the auxiliary cylinder; Fig. 4 is a general plan view of the device illustrated in Fig. 1, the steam cylinders being in section, and Fig. 5 is an en larged detail of the variable automatic stop mechanism to be hereinafter described.

Throughout the following detail descrip tion and on the several figures of the drawings similar parts are referred to by like reference characters.

The mechanism disclosed comprises:

(1) Abalance lever A upon which act two pistons O and E. u

A brake cylinder B in which operates piston O. The rod C of this latter is fixed to the balance lever A in such manner that this latter will be lowered when the piston O descends, while the balance lever can descend without drawing with it the piston C. On the piston. rod O is suspended a counterweight F. The cylinder B, the piston O and the counterweight F constitute the main power device.

(3) A light brake cylinder D in which operates a piston E of which the rod E is connected directly in its vertical movement with the balance lever A, and this latter cannot move vertically without drawing with it the piston E and inversely. The cylinder D is furnished with two valve boxes arranged in series (Fig. 2) in such manner that the steam arriving by the orifice D passes the first valve box to enter the second by the orifice D The valve boxes are furnished each with a valve of which one the valve G is controlled by the drivers hand and the other the valve H receives its motion from an automatic mechanism independent of the driver.

(4) An axle I controlled by the drivers lever either directly or by a system of levers and rods. On this axle is fixed a bell crank lever J of which one of the two arms controls by means of a vertical rod J the valve K of the cylinder B (Fig. 3) and of which the other arm controls by means of a horizontal rod J another bell crank lever L. This latter engages in its turn by means of a vertical rod L the valve G of which it is a part (Fig. 2).

Upon the axle M is mounted a loose lever N having three arms of which the horizontal arm controls by means of a vertical rod N the valve H (Fig. 2). The lower arm controls the throttle valve O disposed .in the main steam pipe between the regulator of the engine and the boilers. The upper arm of N receives its movement from a counter balance P by the intermediation of the levers R, Q and rod Q The axle S on which is fixed the levers .R, Q is disposed in such a way as to be controlled by a special lever within-reach of the driver.

The counterbalance P is held suspended by means of a rod T of which the guided upper end is movable vertically and is adapted to hang itself on to a knuckle lever U oscillating about a fixed point X (Figs. l and 5). The knuckle lever U in influenced in the first place by a rod V pivoted to a fixed point and furnished with a balancing spring which forcibly maintains the said knuckle lever in contact with the rod T in order that the vibrations of the machine may not in any case produce an untimely unhooking of the rod T and the fall of the counterweight P. It evident thatthe rod V can be replaced by any spring or a counterweight acting on the knuckle lever for maintaining the hooking action of the rod T. The knuckle lever Uis also influenced by the rods Z and Y pivoted respectively at the ends of two small free levers a and Z) oscillating about the axes f and (Z. On the axes c and oscillate two other free levers c and 7 each furnished with a counteiwveight. and f, the object of these counterweights being to always bring back the levers c and 7" into a nearly vertical position. The counterweight arm of the lever c is provided with a tappet adapted to contact with the lever (t and cause the lever a to rotate positively with the lever c in a rotation set up from the right towards the left about the center 0. Consequently if for any reason the lever 0 moves from the right to the left it engages in its movement the lever a which in turn will operate the knuckle lever U by the intermediatimi of the rod Z and will thus effect the unhooliing of the rod T and consequently the fall of the counterweight P. On the contrary if the lever c is moved from left to right, it separates itself from the lover a inclining itself towards the right and will thereaften retake its quasi vertical position under the action of its counterweight when the force which moved it shall have ceased to act. Similarly the lever f will operate the lever 7) in its oscillatory movement from left to right and it oscillates independent of the lever 11 from right to left.

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llltl The axes 0 and (Z are carried by the bent the upper side of the piston E. In conselevers g and h oscillating respectively about fixed points i and 7' while the other arms of the two bent levers are pivoted on the same rod h which receives its motion from the governor 7 When the governor Z is in its lower posi tion (that. shown in Fig. 1) the two levers e and f occupy the lower position indicated in Figs. 1 and 5 but it is at once seen that if the governor'l rises and travels towards its up per position, the bent levers g and h oscillating about. the fixed points z' and j under the action of the said governor, the levers e and f will be raised bodily very nearly ver tical and will reach a higher position than that indicated on the drawing and corresponding to the upper position of the governor Z. Further a screwed spindle m connected with the main shaft by means of a series of gear wheels operates a nut n in one direction or the other according to the rotation of the apparatus. This nut is provided with two inclined parts 0 and 79 each com posed of a series of small steps;-the vertical faces of the steps of the part 0 are adapted to engage against the end of the lever e on the nut being moved from right to left, and it is easily understood that if the governor is in the upper position it is the upper step g which engages-the end of the lever 6 while if the governor Z occupies the lower position, it is the step 1" which engages the lever e.

The lever 6 being engaged by any one of the steps of the part 0 will oscillate from right to left and will operate the lever a in the opposite direction and will bring'about thus the unhooking of the rod T and the fall of the counterweight. When the nut 71. moves from left to ri ht the vertical faces of the steps of the part 29 will act in a' similar manner on the end of the lever f.

Method of Operation of the Light Power Dem'ce.

A. By hcmd.Supposing that the driver operates the lever I on the axle I and brings it to the middle position the valve K (Fig. 3) is moved from the upper toward the lower position but without covering up the lower port bringing the steam under the piston. It follows that as regards the main power device nothing is changed and the piston C and the counterweight F continue to occupy their upper positions corresponding to that of the released power device. At the same time the valve G (Fig. 2) is also moved from above towards the bottom but its travel is calculated so that for the half travel of the drivers lever the valve G covers the lower port communicating with the under side of the piston thus putting this latter in communication with the atmosphere; at the same time the said valve G uncovers the upper port admitting steam to quence of this the balance lever A not being retained by the steam pressure under the piston E falls sharply sliding upon the piston rod C and tightens the light power device; as the upper port admitting the steam above the piston E is relatively small, the steam not instantaneously filling the volume produced by the descending piston E at boiler pressure it follows that the tightening of the light power device is only made at the outset under theaction of the dead weight of the balance lever A and the piston E with its rod E The steamfiowing through the upper port in the space above the'piston E the force of the brake increases until the steam pressure in the space becomes stationary. At this moment the force of the light power device attains its maximum. Assuming now that the driver again takes the hand lever which is in the half stroke position and pushes it onward to the point opposite the original position, immediately the valve K covers up the lower port and the steam which is under the piston C is put into communication with the atmosphere. It follows that the piston C drawn by the counterweight F descends and rests its weight in its turn upon the balance lever A by means of a shoulder on the piston rod C (Fig. 1). The main power device is then also applied.

If the driver draws his lever back to the starting point, the two valves G and K are put into the positions indicated in the draw ings (Figs. 2 and 3) and the steam is reintroduced under the pistons C and E, hence the two power devices will he released.

It will be seen from the foregoing that owing to the mode of attachment of the piston rods'O and E on the balance lever A and to the mechanism shown in the drawing, it is possible to operate by means of a single hand lever :-(a) The light power device only. (b) The light power device and the main power device simultaneously, both acting on the same brake pulley by the same weights and the same balance lever.

B. Automatic light power dcm'ce.Assume that the rising cage enters the dangerous zone of the shaft with a speed corresponding to the maximum speed of the apparatus. At this moment the governor Z will occupy as above seen its upper position and consequently the two vertical levers c and f will occupy their upper position. It will be assumed that the nut n is moved from right to left on the shaft m and is placed in the position indicated in the drawing. If the driver does not slacken the speed of the machine it will be seen that the step Q will come inevitably into contact with the end of the lever and moving the lever c from right to left will effect the unhooking of the rod Z acting on the knuckle lever U. The rod T being unhooked falls sharply under the action of the counterweight P (or of the spring in place thereolfl) and the fall of this counterweight, by reason of the levers R, Q, N, and the rods shown in the drawing in'nnediately effects: (a) The closure of the throttle valve 0, and complete cutting otl' ot' the steam from the motor cylinders of the machine. (b) The movement of the valve H from above to below (Fig.

The valve H in descending re-covers the lower port, and puts the under side of the piston in communication wit-h the atmosphere, and further, it un-covers the upper port, admitting steam from the boiler direct to the top of the piston F. In consequence, the balance lever A, no longer being retained by the pressure of steam under the piston E, falls sharply sliding the length of the piston rod C and tightening the light brake; as the upper port bringing the steam to the top of the piston is relatively small, the steam does not instantaneously till the cylinder D, and it follows that the applying of the light power device is only effected at the beginning under the action of the dead weight of the balance lever A and of the piston E with its-rod. The steam flowing through the upper port into the space above the piston E, the force of the brake increases until the pressure of the steam in this space becomes stationary. At this moment the power of the light power device has attained its maximum. This maximum power of the light power device can be regulated at will in the following manner :In the part of the cylinder D above the piston is arranged a passage 0 of sufficiently large diameter which communicates by means of a pipe with a cock to close to the driver and from which the steam can escape into the atmosphere. It is easily understood that if this cock is completely open a minimum pressure as low may be desired can be obtained above the piston E. Further, by closing the cock to more or less, it will be possible to use all steam pressures between the minimum pressure as described above and boiler pressure. As the force of the light power device is proportionate to the steam pressure which exists above the piston it will be seen that by the arrangementindicated it is easy to vary with precision the maximum power of the light power device within the widest limits, which is a great advantage.

The apparatus being stopped under the action of the light power device, the governor assumes its lower position as also do the levers e and If the driver operates the axle S so to raise the rod T with the counterweight P the rod T will automatically hook itself to the knuckle lever U under the action of the spring within the rod V and at the same time the valve H will retake the position shown in the drawing Fig. while the throttle valve 0 will be opened.

The steam being admitted under the piston E the light power device will be immediately released and the apparatus will be ready to move. It the driver puts his machine into action too sharply the governor rises immediately and presents the lever c in front of another step so as to bring about a fresh stoppage of the apparatus. ll when the rising cage enters within the dangerous zone of the pit shaft the speed ol? the apparatus is slackened andv it this slackening is ett'ected continuously and suitably so as to bring the cage to the pit moulh level with a speed involving no danger, the governor dcscends and will gradually arrive at its lowcr position while the lever will successively pass in front of all the stops without engaging them and the cage will arrive at the pit month without the light power device being operated.

I claim 1. The hercindescribed controller for hoisting apparatus comprising. in combination, a brake, a. main power device, a connecting element associated operat ively therewith, an auxiliary power device connected to said element, automatic operating means .lor one of the power devices, andv means whereby the auxiliary power device may operate the brake througl'i said connecting element either alone or in conjunction. with the main power device.

'2. The hereindescribed controllerjl orhoisting apparatus comprising. in combination, a brake, a main power device, a balance lever between said power device and the brake, an auxiliary power device connected to said lever, automatic operating means lor one of the power devices, and means to ap ply power to said brake through said balance lever either by one of said power devices acting alone orin conjunction with the other.

3. In hoisting apparatus. the c m1bination with friction means. of a balance lever connected thereto, a main power device so associated with said lever as to operate the same in one direction, an auxiliary power device connected to said lever to hold the same. in position to be engaged by the main power device or to operate the lever independently of the main power device and automatic operating means :lior one ol the power devices.

4. In hoisting apparatus. the combination with a brake. a lever. and a main power device associated therewith. (ii an auxiliary power device connected to said brahe lever to operate the same indcpendently or in con junction with the main power device. automatic operating means for one 01 the power devices, and a. hand lcvcr whereby the said power devices may be controlled.

5. In hoisting apparatus. the combination with a. brake, a lever, and a. main power device associated therewith, o'l an auxiliary power device connected to said brake lever to operate the same, automatic operating means for one of the power devices, and a hand lever movable a certain distanceto operate one of the power devices alone and subsequently movable in the same direction to bring into action the other power device.

6. In hoisting apparatus, the combination with a brake, a lever, and a main power device associated therewith, of an auxiliary power device connected to said brake lever to operate the same, hand means to control said power devices, and automatic means to cause operation of one of the said power devices.

7. In hoisting apparatus, the combination with a brake, a lever, and a main power device associated therewith, of an auxiliary power device connected to said brake lever to operate the same, means to control the operation of both of the power devices, and

automatic means 'to cause operation of one of said power devices, said automatic means being variably operative in accordance with variations in speed of the hoisting apparatus.

8. In hoisting apparatus, the combination with friction means, a main power device, and a connecting element between said power device and the friction'means, of an auxiliary power device comprising a steam cylinder and piston connected to said connecting element to operate the same independently of the main power device, a plurality of valves associated with said steam cylinder, hand means to operate one of said valves, and other means to operate the other of said valves.

9. In hoisting apparatus, the combination with friction means, a main power device, and a connecting element between said power device and the friction means, of an auxiliary power device comprising a steam cylinder and piston connected to said connecting element to operate the same independently of the main povfer device, a throttle, and automatic means connected with said cylinder to control the operation thereof and the throttle.

10. In hoisting apparatus, the combination with friction means, a main power device, and a connecting element between said power device and the friction means, of an auxiliary power device comprising a steam cylinderand piston connected to said connecting element to operate the same independently of the main power device, automatic operating means for one of the power devices, and an adjustable steam valve in direct connection with said steam cylinder to vary the effect thereof 011 the friction means. In testimony whereof I have signed my name .to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' HUBERT JOSEPH DEBAUCHE.

lVitnesses:

A. GRAETZ,

GREGORY PI-IELAN.

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