US889097A - Process of making cyanids. - Google Patents

Description

no. 889,091. PATBN'TED- MAY H. S. BLAGKMORE. Y PROCESS 0F MKINGGYANIDS..

www S14/vanto@ .To' .all itmicyconcern:

Be ...itknown-that I,V HENRY SPENCER l UNITED STATES;

, f HiiNRYsrEncEn BL/icKMoRE, or MoUNr'vEnNoN, NEWitolix.`

PRocEss or' MAKING cYANxDs.

, Specification of Letters'-Patent.

Patented Mey 26, 190e.'

4.Applieatien mee Deeember 13,1902. sen'el Ne. 135,074,

-l-eBLAcxMoRE, la citi'zen of the IUnite-.d States,

residing atiMount Vernon, in the county of VVestche'ster .and- Statevof New York, have invented certain lnew and useful 'Improvements in Processes of Making Cyanids; and.

- 'I do hereby declare thel follo'wingto be a full, 'clearfand exact description of the invention,

`suchas will efnable othersskilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the S8,m'e

The object. of my invention is ,to make l cyanide, 'such as potassium 'or sodium. cyanids, and consists in deoxi`dizing', in the 'pres-" ence of 'nitrogen orv a nitrogen-yielding conipound, a lheated,lmolten or liquefied Oxy-salt or compound of a metal, the cyanid of which "isdesiredyby' thefa'ction of an endotherniic (carbid the ,electroep'ositive element of which v"has greater-ailfinity for the oxygen content ol" the Oxy-salt or compound employed, `thereby .liberating 'nascent carbon and the, metal, ya

.-cyanid of' :which is desired, simultaneously with' or in the presence lof nitrogenwhereby a union offthe' said'eelements is achieved.

' -My= inventionis particularly adaptable to f theiixatinof freenitrogemsuch as may be obtained'from' the atmosphere, with carbon 30 t f 'Inatlon of cyanids may be readily accomin 'the presence o f 'an' alkali, whereby the forp lish'ed directly ina practical and economical rnanner yielding a product uncontaminated 'y with injurious foreign ingredients, and 1s based upon the discovery that oxy-salts Aor Aoo ni'pou'mls of' a metal, the cyanid. of u'hich isdesirebhiay, rn'a heated conrhtion, in the "presence nitrogen, be deoxidized by the lect'ropo's'itive'element or'base of a carbid, thereby generatmg'n'ascent carbon and the metalfof the compound employed, which I. nascenticarlionf and metal simultaneously 1 `ni' te "ithfthe 'nitrogen`- present, producing therlnic nature,',such 'as acetylene, which l evolve heat Aduring their transformation, -the formation otcyanids 1n the presence of nitrogen is 'greatlyfacilitated, the reacthsn gov- -e'rned and. controlled in amore pel'fect'nanner,"V and vai larger yield attained With vless danger ofcontamination of the rod u ct with g foreign ingredients lthan has resu ted hitherto.

As anexainple if the manner 1n which my process can becarried out on. a practical My lnvention is also based upon the dis-` coverytliatbyemploying carbids of en dobasis I will take, for example, the production of potassluni and sodium cyanids from their corresponding' hydrates orhydroxids, referdevised for carrying out the' same, Figure 1 ot Wlnch represents a transverse vertical sec- 'long'itudi-nal section showing the conversion pots or'receptac'lesconnected in multiple.

In carrying .out my invention on a practical basis I prefer to introduce into the conversion p'ot or receptacleA, Whicli'isvlined product produced, through the opening D in the cover or closure E, a mixture of potassium and. sodiu-m. hydroxids in proportion of one of the former to two ofthe latterby weight and proceed to fuse the same or reduce'it to a molten conditionv by mean's of heat generated find vthat the mixture of hydroxids aforementioned, -viz., potassium hydroxid .and sodium hydroxid fuses'at a lower temperature than either per-se., approximately 300 'more readily effected..

When the vmixture hasiassumed a molten, liquefied 'or free circulating condition approximately 300 C., I close the opening D by means'of the cover e, and,then introduce through thel pipe F, controlled by the valve erably superheated to approximately 260 Oz, and an endotherinic hydrogen carbid, such as acetylene, the lower end of the pipe F which extends into the molten compounds composed ofa material which is not acte" the said section beingL united to the pipe Fl by lmeans ofthe union- As the mixture of superheat'ed nitrogen acetylene, is introduced into and through concurrently releasing an lalkali-metalcar'bonwhich in'their nascent cond the presence of the nitrogen immediately unite forming an' alkali cyanid, the oxygeil of the compound -which has thus combm j ence being .had to the accompanying drawingwhich illustrates an' apparatus which' I have with a'material 'B such as magnesite not.. acted upon by the materials 'employed or Vthe degrees C., and conversion into-oyanid is alsointo and through the moltenV compounds,.

G r, a mixture of nitrogen which has been pref- I in the conversionpot or receptacle A, being' the molten or liqueiied potassium and-sodium.. hydroxids the hydrogen of the acetgy'flenef` [combines with the oxygen of the hydroxi tion of the apparatus, and Fig. 21 a vertical in the furnace Cby. any. suitable means. I

upon by .the 'ingredients employed or. the'. products produced, suchlas magnesite, and.'

and endothermic hydrogen carbid, such as i v practically l com ound of metal,

tion and ell'ecting a saving in the wear and tear of apparatus las well as fuel which would otherwise be consumed to 4,maintain ingredients at the required reacting temperature; any excessof heat accumulating in the' mass during reaction is removed byl the rei'rigerating action of the gases evolved and also by an excess of acetylene or other gas/es intro duced into or passing through 'and out of the apparatus, it eiiig noted that the excess of over that required for reaction is inert with reference tothe process except as 'a refrigerating or heat absorbing and conveying agent. The reaction which takes place maybe illustrated by thefollowing chemical formula 25 or equation:

ZNaOH C,1l2'+'2N heat ZNaCN 21120.

2K OH 0,112 -i- 2N heat =2KCN 2H20.

" "or empio ing alkali oxids 'instead 'of hydroxid's, as fo lows:

the process' of conversion ro resses more alka i-hydroxidA may be a :de from time to time through the o'pening D Whereu ltiiin-by becoming dissolved inl or liquefied by acetylene the-cyanids previously produced, and therefore it can be Ireadily seen that I may convert the-oXy-compounds iii-to cyanide either in, a` moltencondition per ser or liquefied by the action of inert chemicalv salts by exposing'. the said .molten or liqueiied Oxy-compounds to the action' of Van endotliermic carbid, the -electro-positiveelement or -capable of Vuniting Withgthebxygen of Oxy-'salt or compound-coiicur'rently liberating carbon and the metal, a cyanid of which -is desired, in. the 'presence of nitrogen', the temperatureof the Itis obvious that reacting ingredients must refrigeration or otherwise, below perature vat which'the base or electroositive elementof tli e"e'ndotliermic 'carbid as the 'be maintained, by

, superior affinity 'sire over carbo1i5wliicliin the case of acetylene is a )proximately 32T C., the saine being about-t e limit at which'hydrogen thereof has a superior 'ailinityfor tlie'oxygen combined -in a mixtpre ofv caustic soda and-caus'ri .V otash, While," employing such endotlu-irniic ydrocarbons, over its carbon contents.

I do not desire tocon'fine in yself to theernon itiassum'e's a molten or liquefiedfcondi-- 7 carbon are base .of viivliich. is the alkali' metal bythe union ofthe hydrogen the V for oxygen combined in Vthe' Y.

a cyanid loi which is de slater lmay become molten ployme-nt of endotheri'nic hydrogen carbids as reducing agents in the formation of cyanid but reserve the right to employ any other practical metallic carbid of endothermic nature whichmay be adaptable for the purpose, i. c., the electro-positive element of which capable 'ofv abs-tracting the oxygen from the oxy-salt or compound of the metal, a c "anid ol' which is desired, it being a well known and established fact that hydrogen.- is a metal in a gaseous state or condition at ordinary atmospheric pressure and temperature from a chemica standpoint just the saine as the metal mercury exists as 'a' liquid under like conditions. When an en-. dotherinic metal carbid, other than hydrogen carbid is einliloyed,l it is preferably in-I troduced into the oxygencontaining alkalinietal compound in a iiiie state of dii-'ision suspended in the nitrogen-bearing-luid l can also ein )loy any other oxyeoinpiuind. of .thejineta ,.-a cyanid of which is desired z f either. in a molten Vcondition per 'Se or lise solved, liq-ueiied7 or lretained ina molten' 'Y of' inert chemical compounds, VVlieii''tfhe'go Oxy-compound in 4the conversion pot or rea ceptacle'Ahas been-convertedinto cyaiiid it may be Withdrawn from timeto time as desired'throughl the tap-hole H by' with-A drawing tlie plug or stopper J by means of .the actuation 'of the screw-threaded closing deviceK. y v. L f

- I findit of advantageboth from econoin-4 ical and practicalstandpoiiits to ladd alkali" carbonates from time constituents. of the conversion pot. or receptaclewhereby'in its liquefied condition in the.' inert .contents of thesaid receptacle it is as readily converted as the more fusible'alkalil nitrogen in the formfof afhydrid o r other nitrogen-'yielding compound instead 'oft free iiitrogen'together with the en'dotherniic hydrogen carbid i by which means nitrogen and both liberated concurrently with 1'10 combined with both thenitrogen -aiid car bon witlithe` oxygen of thealkali metal 'Coinound, or'pl can' einployany compound capa-' I ile ofproducing or releasing free or nascent 1`15 nitrogen in. a form capable ofu niting 'yyith 'the nascent lmetal rand carbon to form a cyanidg'. VI 'also intend to include as my invention thfe heating of the ingredients, viz.,

carbid of 1,20 the character described ,and nitrogen, to a .reacting temperature. which may, in sonic "cases,A not actually bea molten or liquefied condition at 'the t'ine of reaction but which tion of the'inere fusiblecyanidproduced,

The compounds herein referred to. designated by the prefix foxy" to iuetalhc salts or compounds employed for, transfo'runition to time to'the molten 100 Oxy-compound. l. canf` also introduce the 165 6r liquefied b v nc- 1-2'5 is intended to include all salts or compounds "n ta` With'carbon, be .it'either a rb d, cetylid'or other union and is =s1ncludeany mixture or combination pense; the electro-positive element or base of Whih-*is'capable of 'abstractingv the oxygen. o'nr the'oXy-salt or 'compound of the metal, .acyanidiofwhiehis desired. I can also pereferia-the,conversion into cya-nids of the oxy- ,15- galtsor ACompounds of the metal or metals, Ieyanidyof Wlnchfisdesired, by employing' ineltisaltslonfobnip'ounds which may facilitate fiisioniby dissolving or'suspending the sam-e '-inlaistate-of fusion,whereby the transforma- -'frtion' into-Qyanidis also facilitated; and I can '5: expose theeonipoundsto be transformed to aheat:oapableofifusing it and introduce the ,.-niti'ogenxy and,f-oar bid of the character def scribed afterl fusion or during fusion or I can add'thesanie to thefused composition-'or exposethemixture of'oXy-salt' or compound,y

I iitrogenI and the'v endothermic carbid, to a vroriifftlie spirit .of my yinvention which l eon- -sists;in. deoxidivling an oxf-salt or compound :of-fthe. metal; or metals.'r a o vanid of' which is'. desired, by yactiony of the electro-positive elet nent or; basettof an'endothermic carbid at a ireactingteinperature whereb5v the. carbon and 5- metal,=a' yanidfof'which is desired, vthus con- 'currentlyreleasedI in thepresence of nitrogen",l uniteftberejwith to form o vanid.

,Izam aware` that processes have been delVi'sed yfor uniting nitrogen directly and in- .indirectlywitlncarbitls of metals, cyanids of Awhich;y arezjdesired, it being noted that the wmeta-land carbon are united and the formation:fgeyamd depends 'on' the absorption of in.; vthe]nitrogen, butin these 'cases the carbids #i Aibeinggfusible only at extremelyv high tem- 'erratvures -int-reljvv admit 'of vsuperficial action w thereby;v producing contaminated. cyanids abelowffusi'onand iflieated to fusion preclude f 'the formation 'of cjsanid-s by being' at a tem- ,vperature'.above the tlissociatiingy point of thel "f nyanid,,alsointhese c ases'note'th'the metal, a

yanid of Whieliisdesired, is 'exposed to the aetiofnrof nitrogen while itis combined with oarbjon. A inftlgie-form offa carbid'- while in my 55,ipiocess I ,einplo'y carbon ina free'. nascent4 Acconditioin inthe. presence of a nascent metal,

4 v is desired, andynitrogen; V y, `ondition ,greatly -i'acilitatcs .y `ierfeot1l,:combination and lixation vot arbidsasW-ell as -a simple carbid i.

eatiting; `stemperature' Without departing' v lnV carryingr out-'this 'process itV J taneou'sreloasem ent of the earbori of thrcarbid, whieh'released elements unitewitlpthe nitrogen present forming' c r'a'nid. 'd Itis also preferable vto employ an excess ofv acetylene circulating through the ymolten alkali `withA ence to carbon, thwigss ol" acetjflcne over lthat entering into reactionbeing' innert. 11aturall r acts merel)v as an absorber ane @onve 'er of the heat from "thc reacting iu-`vl gredients, 4which regul'iiri-n and maintenance of vtemperature is g'oyerned b r th'c quantity ofinert gaseous body eployedwith relation ,to t he heat zgenerated iiLthe'reacthin;

By einplojring molten alkali containing -i'ron oxid, alkali ferrite, or similar iron compound,alkalivferro-eranid can be produced. I can also introduce the nitrogen into and through-the'. ogy-salt of the metal, a cyanid of which ,is desired', incombination with carbon and l'iydrogeii,such as pyridin (C l ITX) in a fluid conditiomilstead 'of nitrogen hydrid as aforementionednkhile,the ingredientsl lare heated to a reacting temperature. in

whih. casethe union of' the hydrogen with the oxygen of theoxy-com'poundliberales vcarbon and nitrogenl from the p t'ridin or similar 4nitro-liydrocarboi'i which4 nascent intl-ogenand-2 carbon unite directly with the nascent metal c-)oneurrt-Jntl)v liberate'il forming 'a cyanid therewith 'The spi-rit of my" ,iiiventioi'n therefore, consists' in the-'reducapidly carried ou and tion-of 'a metal,'the' ryianid. otwhich is desired, concurrentl Y with-the"production ol' nascent carbon in the presence of nitrogen.v

either free, oi' liberated from fluidi-'compounds c'ontaining' nitrogen inA the process. whereb;v the nascent' metal,A nascent carbon and nitrogen unite directly fori-nini;r a c vanid. and l do not desire ,to confine myself tothe .employment ofKan \Y particular or speciic -coiugtoundor compounds-in producing:the I cyai'nd as set l'orth butlreserve the right; to

ein'plo)- ainv ingredients which may justlybe considered to 'come wit-hinfthe scope. of-`m invention as broadly hereinbeforeset-y forth.

. .jsonetunes found, especially when the 'largcrppt i'. ccntage of the Oxy-saltor.conipoilnduif--thc metal, a'vcianid of .which is desi'redC hasfhci'gn;

converted into cyanid, that the heat causes a direct dissociation of a portion of the acety- -lene or endothermic carbid into particles of `'free carbon jand hydrogen gas which particles of free carbon remain suspended in and Vdisseminated throughout the molten 'cyanid therebytemporarilycontaminating the same. After all the 'Oxy-salt or compound has-been f cyanid by combination of the oxygen -with- .the free particles of carbon, thereby forming' and eliminating carbonio oxid and Y leaving the cyanid-in a pure and uncontami- 1 transformed into cyanid I remove thesecon-A ingi'nto orthrough the molten mass a curtaminating particles of f ree carbon by passrientfofnoxygen or ordinary air 'whereby a por- 'tion-of the metallic c anidvbecoines converted into y'anate whic nated condition. Care must be taken, however, that an'excess 4of oxygen is not introl duced, otherwise more carbon or other del' oxidizing -J' agent, such as hydrogen, would @have to bve the same and reduce it again to cyanid.

be supplied in .order to finally re- Ivfind it of advantage, however, to introduce into the molten cyanid containing sus ended particles'of carbon, the percentage o which as previously been ascertained, a quantity of c ranate containing oxygen enough in proportion to the free carbon content to remove the same in the form of carbonio oXid, by which means the excesaof either free carbon or oxy- "l y-em loyin Iture, sue

A x' thusu retarding the accumulating heat anduconse vatcd temperature through interna reaction4 in plreference to the as acetylene,

y-the.' combination of the base of the carbid with the oxygen contentl of the'oxy-compoundof the metal acyanid of whichis desired inthe-presence of nitrogen for theV ur- 'ose of'foiming a c anid, the heat evo ved by the oxidation an disru tion ofthe carbid v oxidation'an liberation of the occluded or retained heat' from. the'endo- `thermic. carbid, naturally lincreases thetemingredients internally. inv a perature of thel D point is' reached at cumulative degli-ee until a whichcarbon' as y base of the carbid, such case acetylene is employed, the process and rendering it inoperative from a practical standpoint. I li ave discovered, however,

vdrog'en in would thus become inoperative by reasonof uent eleis subjected to refrigeration'. wherebyv the teni pointure maintainedbelow the point at which carbon has asu oxygen over the base o the carbid employed, that the process can b e carrie on continin turn,is reduced to` thereof,

an aflinity for the oxygen` the process, the

that if the tem-l `Parature of the reacting ingredients whichA erior affinity for thel uously without interruption,` destruction of ingredients, loss of product by decomposi-` tionlor disintegration ofA apparatus by reason of an'otherwise elevated tem erature.

It will be noted that one o the important features ofmy process consists in the regulation and maintenance of the temperature of the reacting ingredients at a point at l.which the electro-positive constituent of the reducing agent has an affinity for the oxygen of the Oxy-compound of the metal, a cyanid of which is desired, einplo ed, to the exclusion of or in preference to tfie c arbon content of the reducing agent, which regulation and maintenance of temperature is accomplished by abstracting the excess of heat liberated by the reacting ingredients during the formation of cyanid by the refrigeratin action of inert heat absorbing agents Aand t erebyy preventing the temperature from rising to a point at which the formation of cyano en compounds is precluded or retarded .and tbe formation of by-products which would have a tendenc to, decompose or transform the cyanid is yo viated. g 4

I do not desire to confine myself in relation to this step of my process to the employment of any particu ar or s )ecic heat` absorbing agent to refrigerate tlhe reacting ingredients and maintain the temperature below the decoin osing or dissociating point esired to be produced, but reserve the right to em loy any'available or convenient means of a stracting orregulating 'the' heat which will ref i erate the ingredients without injuriously a ecting the vformation of the product desired. This ,refrigeration may be accomplished by bringing in contact with or direct introduction into or through' the mass of reacting ingredients of an inert heat absorbing or conveying agent, or` the heat may be abstracted from the ingredients by means of any other absorbing agent through the medium of an inert conductor of heat such as the walls of the conversion pot or receptacle having in ing body or jacket of metal capable of melting at a temperature below j the 'point at whichl it is desired to maintain and carry out heat absorbed in this molten metal. being abstracted or. removed and the ,cooler portions, of metal returned in juxtaposition to the heat conveying medium or 'walls of the conversion pot or, receptacle.

contact'with the outer surface `a heat ab- Y ,sorbing agent such as a circulating or cool- It is Wellknown that. the margin of ternperature, within which the 'union of nitrogen and carbon is" accomplished, is very narrow and hencethe reasons 'of many failuresin the continuous' and complete formation of cyanogen compounds as attempted heretofore and I have discovered that the continuous and complete formation of-cyanogen A.

compounds may be accomplished without iso i i u 1f electro-'positive metal has an `aff init "for the oxygen of the Oxy-compound inv pre erence to intei'jrnption 5 maintaining 4theI.ite'ri'iperajture v 'ithinj the margin, at whiclithe k'carbon and, nitrogen unite, yby,.refrigeration', and 'by l..

refrigeration the-teiiiperatu're' lis Lmain'- Stained-below?- the dissociating p'ointof the v cyancgen com ounddesired.- t The-heat a sorbing a ent employed regulate and'inaintain, t etemperature inf l vtheformation of c anogen com ounds as '10 hereinbefore set fort -hiay be itse f refrigeij ated or cooled below the temperature' of the The ternino surrounding -atmosphere before being' used,-

or, in case the agent 4should be at or above the temperature" of- -the surrounding atmosf zphere, its refrigerating effect would be still ravailable so ,long as its temperature is below vthat at: Which the formation'ofcyanogeii'f compounds is precluded the only difference thatlarger volumes ofthe heat absorbagent must necessarily b e employed in iven time to accomplish an equivalent of re eration. Thisrefrigeratiiig effect-can accomplished byI bringing contact the massof 'reacting ingredients from 'timefto time inert solids of-fiisible nature Awhich Will abstract'the heat from the react# ingredients on. lassuming a melted yor uidcondition.' v. "f

"inert to c anid 'empli'iyed herein is'intended to imp yand does imply 'that `the substance' is not, decomposed, transformed, oiotherwise injuriously acted upon by .the metalcyanidv desired, iio'r is the which isfdesired decomposed, transformed, or otherwise injuriously acted uponby oxygencontaining compoundof the' metal 4a, cyanid of which is desired, whereby andfnitrogen.

l c c Y -1 consists inl exposing an'oxy-conipound of a either r both of the essential constituents,

vizi the oxygen-containing :compound a eyanid of'Whi'ch is-desired, the carbidv transformingagent, orxthe metal cyaiiid desired, destroyed or injured Aby association.

' HHalv'ing' now' described my' invention, what as new and desirel to secure by Letters Patentis:--"t` l. The processof making cyanid which consists inexposing an oXy-compound of -a metal inert to cyanid, the cy'anid of which is desired, tothe action of an endotlieri'nic car` bid, maintained at a temperature at which the electro-positivey elementor base ofthe 'carbid is capable ofnniting with the oxygen of the Oxy-compound in preference tocarbon,

2.v `Thefprocess .ofniaking cyanidv which metal inert to cyanid, the cyanidvof whichis bidet-amore electro-positive metal, mannI tained at4 a Itemperature at' which the said -carbon, in the presence of nitrogen.

Tlie'process of making epaild which.

c'oxsists in enposinga molte" nr cyanid Acyaiiid of which is desired, to the action of a 'cyanid of which is .(lesired, tothe action ffan `endother-mic carbid,- maintained a't a temperattire.` at which EVthe electro-positiveelement y :or -base Y of 'the v'carbid-iis capable .of 'uniting with the oxygen of tlieoxy-.coi-npoiind preferenceto carbon, andnitrogenf.

compound :oa metal in'ert to cyaiiid,the"A 4. The process of making cyanid consists inv exposing 'a molten material conltaining an oxy-conipoiindof a metal inert to the cyanid of which is desired, to the action bf an endothermic carbid, maintained `at a temperature at which `the electro-positive element or base of the'carbid is capable of unitingwith the oxygen of the Oxy-coin#- pound in preference to car-bon, and nitrogen.

containing an ogy-compound of aI metal 'or metals inert to. cyanid', the' cyanid ofwhich .is desired, to the ,actionofa metallic carbid of endotherinic nature, maintained at atemperature at which the electro-positive element or base of the carbid is capable of i'init- 4ing with' the oxygenof the'oxy-compound in preference to carbon; and nitrogen.

v5. The process of making cyanid Which- ,.consists in exposing a molten composition 6. The 4profc'ess of'making cyanid which .I consists in ex osing ain'olten orliquefiedoxycompound o a metal inert -to cyanid, the

gaseous endothermic carbidand nitrogen.

7. The -pro'cess of making cyanid -Which consists'in'exposing anoXycompound of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, to the actionof an endothermic hy-v drogen carbid, maintained at af temperature at which the hydrogen has an laiiinity for the oxygen of the Oxy-compound in-preferenceto carbon, and nitrogen.

S.' Tlie process of making cyanidl which consists in deoxidizing the .action of en' ydothermic electro-positive reducing agents maintained 'at areactingtemperature,in the presence of nascent carbon and nitrogen, an oXy-com ound of a metal inert to cyanid,

'the cyanid of which is desired. "9.; The processof-rnaking cyanid which consists in inducing a union between the oxygen of anoxycoin ound 'of a metal inert to cranid, a cyanid o which is desired and the. e

cetro-positive element or' base of an endothermic carbid, by heating the substances nitrogen. 1'0.:V The process of making cyanid which consists'in deoxidiaing by the action of the hy'fdrogen of anendoth'ermic hydrogen carbid, at a reacting temperature, lin the presence of vto a reacting temperature in the presence of nascent carbonand nitrogen,. an Oxy-coin- .pound of a metal'inertto cyanid, the cyanid of. which-is desnfd.

11.; --The processof making/'cyanid 'which' 4c'ogiisi sts i'ii-exposing a composition contain-- ing: anoxyfconpoiindot avmetal ,inert to cyanigt .the eyanid o which is desired, an

endothermic hydrocarbon and nitrogen, to a temperature at which hydrogen has an afinity for the oxygen of the Oxy-compound- 1n reference'to carbon, whereby the metal, car on and nitrogen contents of the composition are brought to a combining condition and caused to unite by the concurrent combination of the hydrogen of the hydrocarbon and oxygen of the Oxy-compound in the ref acting ingredients.

12. `The process of making cyanid which consists in deoxidizing a hydroxid of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanidof which is desired, by they action of the electro-positive element of an endothermic carbid, in the presence of nascent carbon and superheated nitrogen at a reacting teniperature.l

13. The process of` making cyanid which consists in exposing a molten composition containing an Oxy-compound of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which. is desired,

to the action of acetylene and nitrogen at a.

temperature at which the hydrogen has an affinity for the oxygen of the oxy-compound in preference to carbon. v

14. The process of making alkali-metal cyanid which consists in exposing an oxy-compound of the alkali-metal inert to cyanid, a cyanid of which is desired, to the action of an endotherxnic'hydrocarbon and nitrogen' ata temperature at which the hydrogen has an affinity for the oxygen of the oxy-.comp'ound in preference to carbon.

`15. The process of making alkali-metal cyanid which consists in exposing oxids of the alkali-metals to the action of an endothermic hydrogen carbid and. nitrogen, at a temperature at which the hydrogen has an atlinity for the oxygen ofthe Oxy-compound in preference to carbon.

1 6. The process of making alkali-metal cyanid Which consists in exposing a molten com osition inert to cyanid containing' an alka i-metal and'oxygen to the action of an endothermic hydrogen carbid and nitrogen.

1.7. The process ot' making alkali-metal cyanid which consists inexposing a' composition inert to cyanid containing van alkalimetal oxid to the action of acetylene and nitrogen at a reacting temperature.

18. The process of making alkali-metal cyanid which consists' in exposin T a hydroxid of the alkali-metal, a cyanid of Willich is desired,

to theaction of acetylene and nitrogen at a reactin temperature. 1

19. heyprocessof' producing potassium` cyanid which consists 1n exposing a molten compound inert to cyanid containing potassium and oxygen to the action of 1an endotherniic hydrogen carbid and nitrogen.

4 i 20. The process `of making potassium cyanid which consists in, fusing caustic` potash and introducing into and through the same fan endothermic hydrocarbon and nitrogen While the materials are heated to a reacting temperature. .i Y f 21. The process ofniaklng nid which consists 1n exposing a molten composition inert tocyanid containing potassium-hydrogen oxid (hydroxid) to the action 22. The process of making cyanid which potassium cya- ,.70 4,of acetylene and nitrogen at a reacting temperature.

consists in exposing an Oxy-compound `of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanidof which is desired, to the' action of an endothermic coin-1 pound, lat a temperature at which the electro-positive element or base of the compound is capable of uniting wvith the oxygen of thc Oxy-compound,r and nitrogen, and finally removing any particles of free carbon contained therein by introducing into the mass an agent capable of converting the cyanid into cyanate i'nvsui'cient proportit`n1--to remove thefcontaminating carbon'.

23. The process of making cyanid Awhich consists in exposing an oxy-conlpound of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, to the action of an endothcrm-ic care.

bid of a more electro-positive element,- in tht` presence of nitrogen and removing'any cxcess oi" carbon contained therein by the ac- Y tion of a metallic cyanate.

24. The process 'of making c vanid which consists in exposing an Oxy-compound of a metal inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, to the-action of an endotherinic hydrocarbon 'and nitrogen at' a reacting telnperature, `and removing any lexcess of carbon i contained therein by the action of a metallic cyanate.

25. The process 'of making cyanid whichconsists in exposing an oxy-compound of a'.

metal inert to (,Tanid, the' cyanid of which is desired, tothe action of acetylene and nitro-` gen at a reacting temperature, and 'removing any excess Aof carbon contained thereinlbyy introducing into the mass an'agent capable of removlng the carbon.

26. The processof making alkali-metal cyanid which consists in exposing an Oxy-Colnpound of an alkali-metal inert to cya'nid, the cyanid 4of which is desired, to the actionof acetylene and nitrogen at a reacting temperature, andremoving anyexcess of carbon contained therein byV introducing into the mass v an agent capable of removing the carbon.

. 27. The process of making potassium cyanid which consists in exposing potassium hydroxid tothe action of acety ene and nitrogen, at a reacting temperature, and removing any excess of carbon contained-therein bv introducing into the mass an agentenpable of removing the carbon.

QSL The process of making potassium cynnid. which consists inl exposinvr potassinm hydroxid. to'the action of acety ene and' nitrogen, at a reacting temperature, and rei reducing agent in the presence of carbon and inciting 'anyexcess'of carbon'co'ntaincd therein by' tie action of an oxidizing agent.

'f= .f29.gt'l;`lie process of.inaking cyanid which consists-in exposing an oxy-coniponnd of a -inetal inert to vcyanidhthe cyanid of which is' desired,V to the action of a iuid endothei'inie 'carbid and nitrogen and Amaintaining the temperature ata point at 'which the-electro- A positive element of the carbid has an affinity or the oxygen of the Oxy-coin pound in I'nef erencexto carbon.

30. The. process of making cyanid which consists in deoxidizing an Oxy-compound of aineta] inert to cyanid, the cyanid of which is desired, 4by the action of an cndotheiinic' nitrogen and maintaining the ingredients at a reactingtempeature by the action of an inertlicat absorbing agent. i n v u e r y .consists in deoxidizing, in the presence oi 31.'. The process .of making cyanids which nitrogen, an Oxy-'compound of a inetal inert the'action ofa carbid capable ofgenerating heat in the mass during' reaction, 'removing the excess 'of 'heat and maintaining the teinpeiatuie at a reacting pointby thegaction of an ine-rt heat absorbing agent.

32'. The-processof making. potassium cya` nid which consists in exposing a composition 'inert to cyanid containing potassium' 'andoxygen to the action ofac'et ene and nitro` gen-'and maintaining thlt'eni eratureat al carbon, by the 'oint at whichthe hydrogen o the acetylene iias an ainityfo'r the. oxygen of'the 'oxygen content of the composition inpreference to action of an inert -l'ieat absorbing agenti. l

'. 33. The pijocessiof nia-king potassium cyanid Wliicli'consists incxposing potassium lhydroxidto.the .action of acetylene and iii- ,trogen and remulating and .maintaining theV temperature o' the reacting ingredients at a oint atwhiclit-he.hydrogen of .the acetylene ias an'afiinity for t ie oxygen of the-potassiuni hydroxid in )reference to carbon', by'

introducing into t ie reacting ingredientsa heat absorbing agent ofinert'nature. 34; Tlieprocess of inaki'ngalkali-Inetalcyanid which consists "in exposing an oxy-compound of-an alkali-metal inert to cyanid', the;

cya-nid -of' which is desired, tothe action'of hydrogen carbid and nitrogen and 'revulating and `ln iaii-itaining the temperature oibthereacting ingredients-at a point 'jat which the .hydrogen content of the.hydrogenv carbid has.

an affinity lfor the o'xyfgen of the Oxy-corne pound in preference' to carbon, by the action -of aii'ineit heatabsorbng agent.'

3 5.' The processofinakingalkali-inetal cys;-

nid which .consistsfin' ex osing an Oxy-conipound-.of an alkali-instal inert to cyanid,y thf@ cyanid ofwhih is desired, 'to the actiono twtylene and nitrogen and-maintaining the 'tlpcrtuie at a. point at' which the hydro- 'desi-red, and introducin the sameiffan .endothermic A nitrogen, While maintaining the materials at yerciicc to carbon, by the action oll :1n inert heat absorbing agent.

q' 1f k' I 0b. lhc process oi making cram-1 uhu-h 'consists in. uniting tht` ingredientsfornnngif .the sainewhile' maintaining thc temperature below .the dissociat'ing point ot 'c Vauiogen,

by refrigerant-n n.

37. The proccss of making cyiiiiid; whiciw5 consists in uniting nitrogen witlicarhon und a metal, the cyiinid of which desired, ivhile maintaining thc temperature of thi-I uniting ingredientswithin the sphere o'f formation and below thedissociating point` b r reirlgeration; l

382. The process of making cyanid `which consists in exposing ingredients capnhh of andinaintaining the temperature"within thc sphere of fori'nation, by refrigeration;

39. The process of nniking c vzinids. which consists in fusing an ox)'-i ompoun'd of thc metal inert to c rnnid, a c vanid of whichis desired7 and introduced intuiriid through thc 4forni/ing the saine to a reacting tlnpcraturc saine an endothcrmic carbid and uitingen.

lWhile niaintainingthe iiiziteriils :it a rcnct ing temperature. 40. The process of making c ";12i ildsn-'hicli' consists in fusing an,oXy-coinpounil "o an alkali metal inert to cyanid and ii'itrmhtcing Aintoand through the san-ie an ciidothernuc carbid and nitrogen, Whil'e lmaintaining the materials at fa reactingA temperature 41. The process of making cyanids, which otash and intro- .ducing into and 'through tli thermiqcarbid and nitrogen, While inaintain- A consists in fusing caustic' e sanie an 1 endoing the-Inaterialslat a-reacting teinperziture. The process of making cyanids, which .consist-s in .fusingan Oxy-,compound of the "ics metaLinet to cyanid, a cyani-i'l of which is.

a reacting temperature. i 1

consists .in using an;oXy.-coinpou nd of'an alkali nietal inert'. to cyanid and introducing into. and through the sanie lan endotlieiniic hydrocarbon 'and nitrogen,while maintain- 'ing the materials at alreacting teni 'ei-'.itiii'c.l

44". The process-of making c anii .n 'hich consists in fusing an oXy-'comionndi'oi' the' metalnei't to cyanid,acyanidfof-i'hich is desired., and introdcin' into and through .the same acetylene and nitrogen., While mainrtaining the inaterialsat a reacting tempera-- ture.

into and through` hydrocarbon. and

roces'sjof making cyanids, which consists in. 4using'an oXy-co`inpound ofaii al- ."-kaliinet'al inert to* cyanid, vand introducing iiitvl'4 and through the saine l4 acetylene and nititoge'n, While maintaining the materials at a rei'icting temperature.,

.troducing into and through the fused sub- 461 The .proesg 0f making potassium In testimony whereof I affix my signature cyamd, Whlch cnslsts'm fusmg caustlc pt )tin presence of two witnesses. ash or substance contmmng the same and 111- HENRY SEEN CER BLACKMOREI "stance acetylene andl nitrogen, while mnin- Vitnesses:

.tammg the mammals at a remt-'mug tcmpera- H. N. J ENKINS,

C. C. WRIGHT.

, ture'.

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