US8842807B2 - X-ray moving image radiographing apparatus - Google Patents
X-ray moving image radiographing apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- US8842807B2 US8842807B2 US13/542,394 US201213542394A US8842807B2 US 8842807 B2 US8842807 B2 US 8842807B2 US 201213542394 A US201213542394 A US 201213542394A US 8842807 B2 US8842807 B2 US 8842807B2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/50—Clinical applications
- A61B6/504—Clinical applications involving diagnosis of blood vessels, e.g. by angiography
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/12—Devices for detecting or locating foreign bodies
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4021—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving movement of the focal spot
- A61B6/4028—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving movement of the focal spot resulting in acquisition of views from substantially different positions, e.g. EBCT
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4417—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to combined acquisition of different diagnostic modalities
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/44—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4429—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units
- A61B6/4435—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure
- A61B6/4441—Constructional features of apparatus for radiation diagnosis related to the mounting of source units and detector units the source unit and the detector unit being coupled by a rigid structure the rigid structure being a C-arm or U-arm
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/46—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with special arrangements for interfacing with the operator or the patient
- A61B6/461—Displaying means of special interest
- A61B6/463—Displaying means of special interest characterised by displaying multiple images or images and diagnostic data on one display
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/481—Diagnostic techniques involving the use of contrast agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/48—Diagnostic techniques
- A61B6/482—Diagnostic techniques involving multiple energy imaging
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/5211—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data
- A61B6/5217—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data extracting a diagnostic or physiological parameter from medical diagnostic data
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/52—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/5211—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data
- A61B6/5229—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data combining image data of a patient, e.g. combining a functional image with an anatomical image
- A61B6/5247—Devices using data or image processing specially adapted for radiation diagnosis involving processing of medical diagnostic data combining image data of a patient, e.g. combining a functional image with an anatomical image combining images from an ionising-radiation diagnostic technique and a non-ionising radiation diagnostic technique, e.g. X-ray and ultrasound
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/54—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/547—Control of apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis involving tracking of position of the device or parts of the device
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/40—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for generating radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/405—Source units specially adapted to modify characteristics of the beam during the data acquisition process
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/42—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4291—Apparatus for radiation diagnosis, e.g. combined with radiation therapy equipment with arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis the detector being combined with a grid or grating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an X-ray moving image radiographing apparatus that captures X-ray radiographic images while a medical professional is providing treatment with respect to a subject.
- DSA imaging is an X-ray radiographing method wherein an X-ray radiographic image is captured before injection of a contrast medium to form a mask image. An X-ray radiographic image is captured after injecting the contrast medium into a blood vessel of a subject, and a background is removed by subtracting the mask image from the contrast medium-injected X-ray radiographic image. Thus, an image of blood vessels to which the contrast medium was injected can be displayed.
- DSA imaging An important aspect of DSA imaging is to comprehend a running state of blood vessels.
- the blood vessels within a human body reside in a three-dimensional space.
- information about the blood vessels is compressed into two-dimensional information from three-dimensional information. Consequently, it is difficult to accurately comprehend a running state of the complicated blood vessels by observing a simpler two-dimensional image.
- rotation DSA imaging an X-ray radiographic image is captured by an X-ray radiographing apparatus having an X-ray detector.
- the X-ray detector includes, for example, a C-shaped arm that has an X-ray source disposed on one end and an image intensifier or a flat panel detector (FPD) on the other end.
- the X-ray radiographing apparatus captures X-ray radiographic images by rotating the C-shaped arm around the subject, to form mask images for every one of rotation angles.
- the X-ray radiographing apparatus After injecting a contrast medium into a blood vessel of the subject, the X-ray radiographing apparatus captures further X-ray radiographic images at the same rotational angles as those used in forming the mask images. Finally, the X-ray radiographing apparatus subtracts the mask images from the X-ray radiographic images of the corresponding rotational angles captured after injection of the contrast medium. Accordingly, moving images of only the blood vessels specified by the contrast medium can be displayed.
- the contrast medium when the contrast medium is injected into the blood vessel of the subject, the contrast medium spreads over a wide area at high speed, so that relatively large X-ray detector is required in order to completely capture images of the spreading condition of the contrast medium. Also, it is required to continuously irradiate an X-ray over the entire area where the contrast medium is spreading.
- X-ray radioscopic imaging performed by a catheter or an endoscope, it is may be required to capture images to irradiate the X-ray over a wider area than an area where the catheter or the endoscope is operated.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 06-217964 discusses a technique relating to an X-ray radiographing apparatus that electronically performs raster scanning in order to detect a focal position of the X-ray.
- the C-shaped arm needs to be rotated at each time the mask images are captured and the angiography imaging is performed. Since the C-shaped arm is mechanically rotated, an operator must rotate the C-shaped arm with precision. More specifically, the operator needs to pay attention to the C-shaped arm to prevent the arm from striking a table or anything around the C-shaped arm, which may further complicate capturing images.
- the X-ray is continuously irradiated onto the entire area where the contrast medium is spreading after the injection of the contrast medium, so that X-ray irradiation dosage of the subject is extremely large as well as that of the operator who captures the images. Also, in the X-ray radioscopic imaging using the catheter or the endoscope, the X-ray irradiation dosage of the subject and the operator is extremely large.
- an X-ray moving image radiographing apparatus includes an X-ray detector configured to detect an X-ray transmitting through a subject to acquire a subject image, an image processing unit configured to process an X-ray radiographic image output from the X-ray detector, and a control unit configured to capture a mask image by selectively scanning X-ray focal positions of an X-ray source which has a plurality of X-ray focal points so that an X-ray incident angle varies with respect to a target point of the subject, and to capture a moving image after a predetermined work is performed on the subject by selectively scanning X-ray focal positions of the X-ray source similar to the scanning operation used to capture the mask image.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an X-ray moving image radiographing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a C-shaped arm.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate how to capture images according to angiography imaging.
- FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate how to capture images according to catheter imaging.
- FIG. 5 illustrates how to capture images according to endoscope imaging.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a screen of a diagnostic diagnosis.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an X-ray moving image radiographing system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- an X-ray source 1 which generates an X-ray and an X-ray detector 2 which detects the X-ray generated from the X-ray source 1 are arranged to face each other.
- a table 3 on which a subject S lies down is arranged between the X-ray source 1 and the X-ray detector 2 .
- the X-ray source 1 is provided with a lead diaphragm 1 a
- the X-ray detector 2 is provided with a grid 2 a.
- the X-ray source 1 is connected to an output of an X-ray radiographing system control unit 5 via an X-ray generator unit control unit 4 which controls generation of an X-ray.
- An output of the X-ray detector 2 is connected to the X-ray radiographing system control unit 5 via an image input unit 6 .
- the X-ray radiographing system control unit 5 is connected to a mechanism control unit 7 which controls a mechanism of the system, an image processing unit 8 which processes images, an image storage unit 9 which stores images, a diagnostic monitor 10 which displays images, and an operation unit 11 which performs various operations. Further, the X-ray radiographing system control unit 5 is connected to an external printer 13 , a diagnostic workstation 14 , and an image database 15 via a network 12 .
- the X-ray generated from the X-ray source 1 which is controlled by the X-ray generator unit control unit 4 , transmits through the subject S and is detected by the X-ray detector 2 as a subject image.
- the detected X-ray radiographic image is input into the X-ray radiographing system control unit 5 as image data via the image input unit 6 .
- the image data is subjected to image processing such as correction of the X-ray detector 2 , preprocessing including log conversion, noise removal, sharpening, and image quality enhancement processing such as dynamic range compression, and an image analysis in the image processing unit 8 .
- the image having been subjected to image processing is displayed on the diagnostic monitor 10 .
- the image processing is continuously repeated to capture images in chronological order and the captured images are continuously displayed on the diagnostic monitor 10 . Further, the images captured in chronological order are stored in the image storage unit 9 , or output to the printer 13 , the diagnostic workstation 14 , and the image database 15 via the network 12 .
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a C-shaped arm, as a retaining mechanism to retain the X-ray source 1 and the X-ray detector 2 .
- the C-shaped arm 21 can rotate in three directions, i.e., directions of X axis, Y axis, and Z axis which are indicated by arrows A, B, and C.
- the table 3 can also move interlockingly with the C-shaped arm 21 in three directions, i.e., directions of front-to-rear, right-to-left, and up-and-down which are indicated by arrows D, E, and F.
- the table 3 and the C-shaped arm 21 are controlled by the mechanism control unit 7 to capture images of the subject S in any directions and at any positions, which is not illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- the rotation DSA imaging and the X-ray radioscopic imaging using the catheter or the endoscope are performed.
- the mask images are captured before injecting a contrast medium.
- the images are captured while the C-shaped arm 21 is rotated in an A direction or a B direction as illustrated in FIG. 2 .
- X-ray focal positions are scanned in an area where the contrast medium is expected to spread over in a predetermined direction, as illustrated in FIG. 3A , without driving the C-shaped arm 21 during the image capturing process.
- FIG. 3B is a cross sectional view of the above processing from a head of the subject S.
- the X-ray focal points of a number of N ⁇ M are arranged on a plane surface which is sectioned by the lead diaphragm 1 a .
- an X-ray irradiation result similar to that of the X-ray irradiation with driving the C-shaped arm 21 can be obtained.
- the image of every X-ray focal position can be captured by using the X-ray detector 2 having a grid 2 a during a scanning operation of the X-ray focal positions.
- the captured images are referred to as mask images.
- a contrast medium M is injected into a blood vessel V of the subject S.
- the X-ray focal positions are scanned to capture images according to a method as in the case of forming the mask images.
- the prior mask images are respectively accorded with the corresponding images which were captured at the same X-ray focal positions, and are subtracted therefrom to remove unnecessary background. Accordingly, a moving image of only the blood vessel V specified with the contrast medium M can be obtained.
- the blood vessel V specified with the contrast medium M can be observed from a variety of X-ray incident angles by continuously displaying the subtracted images as the X-ray focal positions are scanned.
- a running state of the complicated bloods vessels V, a lump and constriction on the blood vessels V, or the like can be accurately comprehended in three dimensions.
- Energy of X-ray to be irradiated for capturing the mask images may be different from energy of X-ray to be irradiated for capturing images after the contrast medium M is injected into the blood vessel V.
- the X-ray moving image radiographing apparatus can capture images through DSA imaging without involving any mechanical actions after being positioned at the beginning.
- the C-shaped arm 21 may also be optionally moved.
- the X-ray radioscopic imaging is performed by using the catheter or the endoscope.
- FIG. 4A illustrates how to capture images by using the catheter.
- a catheter 31 is initially inserted into the blood vessel V of the subject S to get the catheter 31 to reach a target position P.
- the X-ray focal positions are selected to move so as to trace a top end of the catheter 31 . As illustrated in FIG.
- the X-ray source 1 and the X-ray detector 2 are arranged to face each other and each of the X-ray focal positions of the X-ray source 1 is given a coordinate of (x, y) and each of pixel positions of the X-ray detector 2 is given a coordinate of (X, Y).
- Correspondence relationships between the coordinates (X, Y) and the coordinates (x, y) which are spatially closest to each other are made into a table.
- a position of the top end of the catheter 31 is determined from an X-ray radiographic image.
- the immediately preceding image is subtracted from each of the images in chronological order, and a portion where the top end of the catheter 31 moves is extracted to find a coordinate of the portion.
- a coordinate of the X-ray focal position of the X-ray source 1 corresponding to the position of the top end of the catheter 31 can be acquired from the above described table of correspondence relationships. Then, the X-ray irradiation can trace the top end of the catheter 31 by selectively irradiating the X-ray onto the X-ray focal position.
- the contrast medium M is injected from the other end of the catheter 31 .
- the injected contrast medium M spreads over the peripheral blood vessels V.
- the injected contrast medium M spreads not only in a single blood vessel V, but also spreads over branches of the blood vessel V.
- the X-ray is irradiated from the X-ray focal position corresponding to a center position of the whole blood vessels where the contrast medium M is spreading over.
- the immediately preceding image is subtracted from each of the images captured in chronological order, as is the case of the top end of the catheter 31 .
- a center of the dispersed positions is calculated to make it the X-ray focal position.
- the X-ray is irradiated from the sequentially determined X-ray focal positions and X-ray radiographic images can be obtained based on moving images captured by tracing the contrast medium M that is spreading over the blood vessels V. If it is so configured that the X-ray focal positions, as target points selected after insertion of the catheter 31 or after injection of the contrast medium M, are continuously selected, the X-ray can be irradiated over an entirety of the inserted catheter 31 and the whole blood vessels V specified by the contrast medium M.
- FIG. 5 illustrates how to capture images by operating an endoscope according to a third exemplary embodiment.
- a top end of the endoscope 32 is traced and the X-ray is irradiated to the subject by varying the X-ray focal positions.
- a technique of energy subtraction is used in capturing the X-ray moving images in addition to what is described in the first and second exemplary embodiments.
- energy of X-ray to be irradiated is varied by changing a tube voltage, the energy-varied X-ray is irradiated twice, and an image is formed according to a difference between the irradiations.
- the energy subtraction utilizes a property that materials have different X-ray absorption ratios according to the difference of energy. Therefore, the energy subtraction can provide a better image than a normal image that is captured when the X-ray is irradiated only once.
- the energy subtraction X-ray radioscopic imaging can be performed by switching a degree of energy for each X-ray irradiation, irradiating the X-ray twice, and calculating the difference thereof.
- the endoscope 32 since the endoscope 32 is inserted into a body of the subject S, a positional relationship between a position of the body and an inside of the body can be effectively comprehended by displaying moving images of the endoscope on the diagnostic monitor 10 together with the X-ray moving images in a manner illustrated in FIG. 6 .
Abstract
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US13/542,394 US8842807B2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2012-07-05 | X-ray moving image radiographing apparatus |
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JP2008104300A JP5388472B2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2008-04-14 | A control device, an X-ray imaging system, a control method, and a program for causing a computer to execute the control method. |
JP2008-104300 | 2008-04-14 | ||
US12/421,120 US8249216B2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2009-04-09 | X-ray moving image radiographing apparatus |
US13/542,394 US8842807B2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2012-07-05 | X-ray moving image radiographing apparatus |
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US12/421,120 Continuation US8249216B2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2009-04-09 | X-ray moving image radiographing apparatus |
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US13/542,394 Expired - Fee Related US8842807B2 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2012-07-05 | X-ray moving image radiographing apparatus |
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Also Published As
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US20120277581A1 (en) | 2012-11-01 |
JP5388472B2 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
JP2009254428A (en) | 2009-11-05 |
US8249216B2 (en) | 2012-08-21 |
US20090257559A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
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