US882058A

US882058A - Tabulator for type-writers.

Info

Publication number: US882058A
Application number: US20668404A
Authority: US
Inventors: William R Fox
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1904-05-06
Filing date: 1904-05-06
Publication date: 1908-03-17
Anticipated expiration: 1925-03-17

Description

No. 882,058. PATENTED MAR. 17, 1908.

w. R. POX. TABULATOR FOR TYPE WRITERS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6,1904.

4 SHEETSSHEET 1.

w" I a Ma r B H v Wi trgesses:

"J; a (w' No. 882,058. PATENTED MAR. 17, 1908. W. R. POX. TABULATOR FOR TYPE WRITERS.

PPLIGATION FILED A 6. 1 04. A M Y 9 4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

o as k w 2 J F R ||LIT P E; v 55:55:51 :2: o Y R W i t Q6 #5325:

No. 882,058. PATENTED MAR. 17, 1908. W. R. FOX.

TABULATOR FOR TYPE WRITERS.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 6, 1904.

4 SHEETSSHEET 3.

Witnesses:

No. 882,058. PATENTED MAR. 17, 1908. W. R. POX. TABULATOR FOR TYPE WRITERS.

PPLIO TION FILED 1 04. A A MAY 6 9 4 SHEETSSHEET 4.

Witnesses: 232% a, 7 n

PATENT WILLIAM R. FOX, OF GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN.

TABULATOR FOR TYPE-WRITERS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented M'arcli 17, 1908.

Application filed May 6, 1904. Serial No. 206,684.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that i, XVILLIAM R. F ox, a citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Grand Rapids, county of Kent, State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Tabulators for Type Waiters, of which the following is a specification.

This. invention relates to improvements in typewriters, and particularly to improvements in tabulating devices therefor.

The objects of this invention are: first:

'to provide a simple, efficient, and durable,

tabulating device, which is simple to construct and easy to operate. Second: to provide such a tabulating device which does not interfere with, or make necessary, any material alterations in the typewriting ma chine, the machine being supplied with the tabulator, or the tabulator omitted, without Inarring the appearance of the machine.

Further objects pertaining to structural details will definitely appear from the detailed description to follow.

1 accomplish the objects of my invention by the devices and means described in the following specification, and particularly pointed out and defined in the claims.

A struc ture embodying the features of my invention is clearly illustrated in the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification, in which-- Figure 1 is a side elevation view of a typewriting machine with only such parts present as are necessary to illustrate my improved tabulating device, portions of the frame being broken away to show details of construction. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation view of the structure appearing in Fig. 1, only such parts being shown as are necessary to illustrate the arrangement and the mode of oper ation of the tabulating device. Fig. 3 is an inverted plan view of a typcwriting machine showing the relation of the parts of my improved tabulator, only portions of the ma chine pertaining to the tabulating structure being illustrated. Fig. 4 is an enlarged detail view of the releasing lever for raising the rack out of engagement with the driving pinion when the tabulating device is operated. Fig. 5 is a detail sectional view taken on line 55 of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail sectional view of one of the release bar keys of the tabulator, and the front of the ma chine, showing the arrangement of the spacer bar and its stop in that connection, the same being taken on a line corresponding to line 6-6 of Fig. 7. Fig. '7 is an enlarged detail sectional view on line 7---7 of Fig. 6. Fig. 8 is a detail view of one of the adjustable sto s 12 which co-act with the tabulator stop bar i.

in the drawing, the sectional views are taken looking in the direction of the little arrows at the ends of the section lines, and similar letters of reference refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawing, the frame A of the machine is of the usual Fox typewriter construction, and is provided with a top plate A which has the usual carriage ways K and the reciprocating carriage J therein. The carriage is actuated by the spring drum P which is connected thereto by the usual means.

The keys of the typewriter are of the usual form for type bar machines, and are not here illustrated for the reason thatthis tabulating device is independent of the keys and supported below the same.

B is the front bar of the machine arranged in front of key bank, and is here made detachable. \Yhen the tabulator is present, it extends down as at l) and ispcrforated for the passage of the key stems of the tabulator, which are straight horizontal bars underneath thekcy levers. "lhis front bar B of the machine is provided with inwardly projccting fingers Z), suitably covered with felt, or other cushioning material, to serve as a stop for the spacer bar ii. 'lhis spacer bar H is connected to the usual spacer lever ll, supported in the machine as illustrated.

On the under side of the spacer bar H is a bracket 72, which extends downwardly and then laterally underneath the cushioning stop linger b, which limits the motion of the spacer bar in the upward direction so that the movements of bar are so controlled that they will not interfere with the tabulator mechanism beneath.

'lhrough the lower portion of the front cross bar B are perforations for as many key stems as it is desired to have stops in the tabulator, and also aperforation at each side of the machine for the passage of the reciprocating rods I) I). These rods D D are conncctcd to the release mechanism for releasing the carriage to allow it to contact with the tabulator bar, which release mechanism consists of a cross bar 1) across the front of the machine, below and in front of the key bank, which is supported by the reciprocating rods guide I at the rear of the machine.

D D. These rods D D extend rearwardly through the front bar B of the machine, as above stated, and are there connected to arms F at each side of the machine. These arms F are connected to a transverse rock shaft F. A erforated arm F extends forwardly from t 's rock shaft F, through which erforation extends a vertical, or substantia fly vertical, rod This rod f is a loose fit in the perforation'of the arm F.

Sto sf f are located above and below the arm I at such distance as to permit free movement of the arm F for a considerable distance, without actuating the rod Supported on the rear portion of the frame of the machine is a lever L to which the rod f connects, and this lever is arranged beneath the rack bar M so that, when the rock shaft F is actuated by the movement of the arms F to the rear to thelimit of their movement,-the arm F will'strike the lower stop f, pulling down the end of the lever Land raising the rack bar, thereby releasing the same. The upper surface of this lever is slightly curved so as not to engage the teeth of the rack bar, but to permit the same to pass readily over it.

The arm F of the' rock shaft F is drawn normally to the front by a coiled spring a.

It will be observed that when the bar D is pushed in to the'limit of its movement, its 'eflect will be to release the carriage and allow it to move under the action of its driving pring towards and against the stop bar of the tabulator. This bar D is not in any way connected to the keys of the tabulator.

Supported on the bars D of the machine and free to reciprocate thereon, is acrossbar E, to each side of which are secured forwardly extending rods E. These rods E connect to arms G of a rock shaft G which is supported transversely in the rear portion of themachine.

An arm G is secured to this rock shaft G about midway of the width of the machine, towhich arm the tabulator bar I is pivoted, extending backwardly through a suitable The upper end of this bar is provided with graduated notches about one-eighth of an inch dee and about one-eighth of an inch apart, or the distance of one of the letter spaces of the typewriter, whatever that may be, the succeeding notches being at a regular variation of helght.

Underneath the machine is a transverse bar B secured by brackets or arms B B to the front bar B of the machine, the bar B being parallel therewith. Through these bars extend the key stems C of the tabulator. Coiled springs c actingagainst the collars c, serve to return these keys normally to the front of the machine, so that they may be actuated by pressing the key buttons C. The key buttons C reject through apertures in the release bar Collars c are secured by ssaoas on ushing any particular key in, the bar E wil be pushed forward a distance corresponding to the length of the key stem, when t e-key is pressed close up against the front bar B. As the key buttons 6 are of less diameter than the apertures in the bar D they extend completely through the bar D, when it is pushed back, the thumb or finger of the operator, whichever may be used, will actuate the bar D so that, as the tabulator key completes its stroke, the carriage will be released to carry it towards the left, where it will be stopped by the tabulator stop in the rear.

Stops n are provided on the stop supporting bar N at the rear of the carriage so that the machine can be set or adjusted to tabulate at any fixed point desired on the page, and, by providing a series of these stops n, different sets of tabulations can be accom-, plished on the machine.

As the tabulator key stems C are of diflerent lengths, when they are pushed in, it will be noted that the bar E will be pushed different distances corresponding to the length of the key stems, and the tabulator stop bar I will be raised a corresponding amount, so that each of the keys controls the stop bar,

and raises it a distance proportionate to the length of the keystem, securing a corresponding point for beginning a number, thereby making the device eflective for any tabulating that may be desired where figures of difierent denominations are to be correctly printed in columns. The stop at the left sets the tabulator for units, the next stop to the right thereof setting the same for tens, and the next stop for hundreds, etc.

I have shown my improved tabulator in the form preferred by me, and I believe the connections to be arranged in the most compact and satisfactory manner. I am aware, however, that the structure can be greatly modified in its details of construction without departing from my invention, and I desire to claim the same specifically as well as broadly. r

Having thus described my invention what I claiin'as new and desire to secure byLetters Patent is 1. in a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with the es ca ement mechanism of the typewriter of suita ile adjustable stops at the rear of the carriage; a vertically mov able tabulator bar with graduated notches at its upper end for-engaging the stops of the said carriage;' a rock shaft in the lower rear part. of the machine with an arm connected to said tabulator bar; a transverse actuating bar suitably supported underneath the type series of horizontal tabulator keys C of graduated lengths supported in suitable transverse guide bars towards the front of the ma- ,chine, with individual springs for throwing each of the same normally forward, arranged to act upon the transverse actuating bar whereby the keys will actuate the tabulator bar and elevate the same to bring the graduated notches corresponding to each of said keys into operative position; a release lever L arranged under the rack bar and adapted to act upon the same, the said lever being curved to permit the rack bar of the ma chine to pass freely over it; a rock shaft in the lower part of the machine with a. perfora ted, substantially horizontal arm; a connecting rodffrom the said lever L to the said rock shaft arm, extending through a. perforation therein and provided with stops arranged to permit the free movement. of the an arms on the said connecting rod] to cause the actuation of the lever toward the end of the stroke of the arm; a transverse release bar D below and in front of the type key bank of the machine, perforated for the free passage of the horizontal tabulator key stems C; connecting rods from each end of the release barD with downwardly depending arms on the said rock shaft of the release mechanism, all co-acting substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

2. In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with escapement mechanism of the typewriter of a suitable stop at the rear of thecarriage; a vertically movable tabulator bar with graduated notches at its upper end for engaging the stop of the said carriage; a rock shaft in the lower rear part of the machine with an arm connected to the said tabulator bar; a transverse actuating bar suitably supported underneath the type key levers ofthe machine, with connections to downwardly depending arms on the rock shaft; a spring to throw said rock shaft arms "normally toward the front of the machine;

*ajgseries 'of horizontal tabulator keys 0 of graduated lengths supported in suitable transverse guide bars towards the front of the machine, with individual'springs for throwing each of the same normally forward,

50 arranged to'act upon the transverse actuat ing bar, whereby the keys will actuate the I tabulator bar and elevate the same to bring the graduated notches corresponding to each of said keys into operative position; a re 35 lease.lever L arranged under the rack bar the stroke of the arm; a transverse release bar D below and in front of the type key bank "of the machine, perforated for the free passage of the horizontal tabulator key stems I and connecting rods from each end of the release bar D with downwardly depending arms on the said rock shaft of the release mechanism, all co-acting substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

3. In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with the cscapement mechanism of the typewriter, of a suitable stop at the rear of the carriage; a vertically movable tabu lator bar with graduated notches at its upper end for engaging the stop of the said carriage; a rock shaft in the lower rear part of the ma chine with an arm connected to said tabulator bar ;v a transverse actuating bar suitably supported underneath the type key lovers of the machine, with connections to downwardly depending arms on the rock shaft; a spring to throw said rock shaft arms normally toward the front of the machine; a series of horizontal tabulator keys (I of graduated lengths, supported in suitable transverse guide bars towards the front of the machine, with individual springs for throwing each of the same normally forward, arranged to act upon the transverse actuating bar, whereby the keys will actuate the tabulator bar and elevate the same to bring the graduated notches corresponding to each of said keys into operative position; a release lever L arranged under the rack bar and adapted to act upon the same, the said lever being curved to permit the rack bar of the machine to pass freely over it; a transverse release bar D below and in front of the type key bank of the machine, perforated for the free passage of the horizontal tabulator keys C; connections from the said release bar to the said release lever L, whereby, on the actuation of the tabulator keys, the release bar will also be actuated by the finger of the operator contacting therewith to release the carriage when the graduated tabulator bar is raised in position, as specified.

4. in a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with the escapeinent mechanism of the typewriter, of a suitable stop at the rear of the carriage; a vertically movable tabulator bar with graduated notches at its upper end for engaging the stop of the said carriage; a rock shaft in the lower rear part of the machine with an arm connected to said tabulator bar; a transverse actuating bar suitably supported underneath the type key levers of the machine, with connections to downwardly de pending arms on the rock shaft; a spring to throw said rock shaft arms normally toward the front of the machine; a series of horizontal tabulator keys C of graduated lengths supported in suitable transverse guide bars towards the front of the machine,'withindi vidual springs for throwing each of the same normally forward, arranged to actupon the transverse actuating bar, whereby the keys will actuate the tabulator bar and elevate the same to bring the graduated notches corresponding to each of said keys into operative position; a transverse release bar perforated for the free passage of the horizontal tabulator keys; and connections from said release bar to the rack bar of the machine to raise the same and permit the'carriage to move into contact with the graduated tabulator bar, as specified.

5. In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with the escapement mechanism of the typewriter, of a suitable stop at the rear of the carriage; a tabulator bar with graduated notches for engaging said stop; a transverse actuating bar suitably supported underneath the key levers of the machine; connections therefrom to the said tabulator bar; a series of horizontal tabulator keys of graduated lengths, positioned to act upon the transverse actuating bar to operate the same and raise the tabulator bar different amounts corresponding to the lengths of the tabulator keys; a release lever L arranged under the rack bar and adapted to act upon the same, the said lever being curved to permit the rack bar of the machine to pass freely over it; a rock shaft in the lower part of the machine, with a perforated, substantially horizontal, arm; a connecting rod f from the said lever L to the said rock shaft arm, extending through a perforation therein and provided with stops arranged to permit the free movement of the arm on the said connecting roddf to cause the actuation of the lever towar the end of the stroke of the arm; a transverse release bar D below and in front of the type key bank of the machine, perforated for the free passage of the hori-' zontal tabulator keys (1; connecting rods from each end of the release bar D with downwardly depending arms on the said rock shaft of the release mechanism, all coacting substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

6. in a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with the escapement mechanism of the typwvriter, of a suitable stop at the rear of the carriage; a graduated tabulator stop; a series of horizontal tabulator keys of graduated lengths, arranged to actuate the tabulator stop to bring the corresponding graduations into position; a release lever L arranged under the rack bar and adapted to act upon the same, the said lever being curved to permit the rack bar of the machine to pass freely over it; a rock shaft in the lower part of the machine with a perforated, substantially horizontal, arm; a connecting rod f from the said lever L to the said rock shaft arm, extending through a perforation therein and provided with stops arranged to permit the free movement of the arm on the said connecting rod f to cause the actuation of the lever toward the end of the stroke of the arm; a transverse release bar D below and in front of the type key bank of the machine, perforated for the free passage of the horizontal tabulator keys C; and connecting rods from each end of the release bar D with downwardly depending arms on the said rock shaft of the said release mechanism, all coacting substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

7. In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with the escapement mechanism of the typewriter, of a suitable stop at the rear of the carriage; a graduated tabulator stop: a series of horizontal tabulator keys of graduated lengths, arranged to actuate the tabulator stop to bring the corresponding graduations into position; a release lever arranged to act upon the rack bar of the escapement mechanism of the machine; a transverse release bar perforated for the passage of the tabulator keys and supported to reciprocate in the direction of the said keys, whereby the release bar and the keys may be operated independently; and connections from the release bar to the release lever, whereby, when one of the tabulator keys is depressed, the tabulator bar will be raised in position and the carriage then relcased, all co-acting for the purpose specified.

8. In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with the escapement mechanism ofthe typewriter, of a suitable stop at the rear of the carriage; a tabulator bar with graduated notches for engaging said stop; a transverse actuating bar suitably supported underneath the key levers of the machine; connections thcrefrom to the said tabulator bar; a series of horizontal tabulator keys of graduated lengths, positioned to act upon the transverse. actuating bar to operate the same and raise the tabulator bar different amounts corresponding to the lengths of the tabulator keys; a release lever arranged to act upon the rack bar of the escapement mechanism of the machine; a transverse release bar perforated for the passage of the tabulator keys and supported to reciprocate in the direction of the said keys, whereby the release bar and the keys may be operated independently; connections from the release bar to the release lever, whereby when one of the tabulator keys is depressed the tabulator. bar will be raised in position and the carriage then released, all

co-acting for the purpose specified.

9. In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with the escapement mechanism of the typewriter, of a suitable stop at the rear of the carriage; a tabulator bar with graduated notches for engaging said stop; a series of horizontal tabulator keys of graduated. len ths with actuated connections to the tabu ator bar to raise the same to bring the corresponding notch into operative position; a transverse release bar perforated for the free passage of the tabulator keys, supported to reciprocate in the directionof said eys, whereby the release bar and the keys may be operated independently, and the finger acting upon the tabulator keys will contact with and actuate the release bar; and connections from the release bar to the feed rack of the carriage, whereby the carriage will be released by the finger of the operator in pushing in the. tabulator keys, all coacting for the purpose specified.

10. In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with a suitable graduated stop and a series of keys corresponding to the stops to control the same, of a release lever L arranged under the rack and adapted to act upon the same, the said lever being curved to permit the rack bar of the machine to pass freely over it; a rock shaft in the lower part of the machine with a perforated substantially horizontal arm; a connecting rod f from the said lever L to the said rock shaft arm extending through a perforation therein and provided with stops arranged to permit the free movement of the .arm on the said connecting rod f to cause the actuation of the lever toward the end of the stroke of the arm; a' transverse release bar D below and in front of'the type key bank of the machine, perforated for the free passage of the-horizontal tabulator keys C; and connecting rods from each end of the release bar D with downwardly depending'arms on the said rock shaft of the release mechanism, all

Y co-acting substantially as described and for the purpose specified.

11. In a tabulator, for typewriters, the combination with the escapement. mechanism of the typewriter, of a suitable stop at the rear of the carriage; a tabulator with graduated notches for engaging said stop; a series of horizontal tabulator keys of graduated lengths with actuated connections to the tabulator bar to raise the same to bring the corresponding notch into operative position; a transverse release bar perforated for the free passage of the tabulator keys, supported to reciprocate in the direction of said ke s and extend therefrom; and a suitable refease means connected to the said release bar, as specified.

'wherebg 12.' In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with the escapement mechanism of the typewriter, of a suitable stop at the rear of the carriage; a vertically movable tabulator bar with graduated notches at its upper end for engaging the stop of the said carriage; a rock shaft in the lower rear part shaft; a spring to throw said rock shaft arms normally toward the front of'the machine; a

series of horizontal tabulator keys C of graduated lengths supported in suitable transverse guide barstowards the front of the machine, with individual springs for throwin each of the same normally forward, arran e to act upon the transverse actuating ar the keys will actuate the tabulator bar an elevate the same to bring the raduated notches corresponding to each 0? said keys into operative position; a transverse re lease bar perforated for the free passage of the tabulator keys, supported to reciprocate in the direction of the said keys and extend therefrom; anda suitable release means connected to the said release bar, as specified.

.13. In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with the escapement mechanism of the typewriter, of suitable adjustable stops at the rear of the carriage; a vertically movable tabulator bar with graduated notches at its upper end for engaging the stops of said carriage; a rock shaft in the lower rear part of the machine with an arm connected to said tabulator bar; a transverse actuating bar suitably supported underneath the type key levers of the machine, with connections to downwardly depending arms on the rock shaft; a springtothrow said rock shaft arms normally toward the front of the machine; a series of horizontal tabulator key stems C of graduated lengths supported in suitable transverse guide bars towards the front of the machine, with individual springs for throwin each of the same normallyforward,

to act upon the transverse actuatbar whereby the keys will actuate the arranged in tabulator bar and elevate the same to *brin the graduated notches corresponding to see of said keys into operative osition; a release bar in juxtaposition to sai keys, connected to a suitable release mechanism for releasing the carriage to permitits movement into contact with the tabulator stops, whereby the finger of the operator can 'enga e bot the tabulator keys and the release ar, for the purpose specified.

14'. Ina tabulator for typewriters, the.

combination with the escapementmechan ism of the typewriter, of suitable stopsat the rear of the carriage; a vertically movable tabulator bar with graduated notches at its upper end for engaging the stops of the said carriage; a rock shaft in the lower rear part of the machine with anarm connected to said tabulator bar; a transverse actuating 'bar suitably supported underneath the type key levers of the machine, with connections to downwardly depending arms on the rock shaft; a spring to throw said rock shaft arms normally toward the front of the machine a series of horizontal tabulator key stems C of graduated lengths supported in suitable transverse guide bars towards the front of the machine, with individual springs for throwing each of the same normally forward, arranged to act upon the transverse actuating bar whereby the keys will actuate the tabulator bar and elevate the same to bring the graduated notches corresponding to each of said keys into operative position; a release bar in juxtaposition to said keys, connected to a suitable release mechanism for releasing the carriage to permit its movement into contact with the tabulator stops, whereby the finger of the operator can engage both the tabulator keys and the release bar, for the purpose specified.

15. In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with a graduated. stop mechanism of a seriesof keys for actuating the same; a release lever L arranged under the rack bar and adapted to act upon the sarile, the said lever being curved to permit the rack bar of combination with the escapement mechanism of the typewriter, of a suitable stop at the rear ofthe carriage a tabulator bar with graduated notches for engagin said stop; a transverse actuating bar suita ly supported underneaththe type key levers of the machine; connections therefrom to v the said tabulator bar; a series of horizontal tabulator key stems of graduated lengths, positioned to act upon thetransverse'actuating bar to operate the same and raise the tabulator;

bar different amounts corresponding to the lengths of the tabulator key stems; a release barin juxtaposition to said keys, connected to a suitable release, mechanism for releasing the carriage to permit its movement into contactwith the tabulator stops, whereby the finger of the operator can engageboth seaose the tabulator keys and the release bar, for the purpose specified.

17, In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with the escapement mechanism of the typewriter, of a suitable stop at the rear of the carriage; a graduated tabulatorstop; a series of horizontal tabulator keys of graduated lengths, arranged to actuate the tabulator stop to bring the corresponding notches into position; a release bar in juxtaposition to said keys, connected. to a suitable release mechanism for releasing the carriage, to permit its movement into contact with the tabulator stops, whereby the finger of the operator can engage both'the tabulator keys and the release bar, for the purpose specified. v

18. In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with the escapement mechanism of the typewriter, of a suitable stop at the rear of the carriage; a tabulator bar with graduated notches for engaging said stop; a series of horizontal tabulator keys of graduated lengths with actuated connections to the tabulator bar to raise the same tobring the corresponding notch into operative position; a release bar in juxta o sition to said keys, connected to a suita le release mechanism for releasing the carriage to permit its movement into contact with the tabulator stops, whereby the finger of the operator can engage both the tabulator keys and the release bar, for thepurpose specifier].

19. In a tabulator for typewriters, the combination with a suitable graduated stop and a series of keys corresponding to the stops to control the same, of a release lever L arranged under the rack and adapted to act upon the same, the said lever being curved to permit the, rack bar of the machine to pass freely over it; a rock shaft in the lower part of the machin'e with a perforated, substantially horizontal, arm a' connecting rod f from the said lever L to thesaid rock shaft arm, extending through a perforation therein, and rovided with stops arranged to permit the rec movement of the arm on the said connecting rod f to cause the actuation of the lever toward the end of the stroke of the arm; a release bar in juxta osition to said keys, connected to a suitab e release mechanism for releasing the carriage to permit its move ment into contact with the tabulator stops, whereby the finger of the operator can engage both the tabulator keys and the release bar, for the purpose specified.

in witness whereof, I, have hereunto set my hand and seal in the presence of two-wit:

WILLIAM R. FUX. [n s] Witnesses:

KATHARINE vKnnzr, ETTA Mommas,