US8760850B2 - Methods and apparatus related to a purge valve for a capacitor - Google Patents
Methods and apparatus related to a purge valve for a capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- US8760850B2 US8760850B2 US12/878,330 US87833010A US8760850B2 US 8760850 B2 US8760850 B2 US 8760850B2 US 87833010 A US87833010 A US 87833010A US 8760850 B2 US8760850 B2 US 8760850B2
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- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 139
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 title claims description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 15
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002144 chemical decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/14—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/08—Housing; Encapsulation
- H01G9/12—Vents or other means allowing expansion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K15/00—Check valves
- F16K15/02—Check valves with guided rigid valve members
- F16K15/04—Check valves with guided rigid valve members shaped as balls
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/14—Arrangements or processes for adjusting or protecting hybrid or EDL capacitors
- H01G11/20—Reformation or processes for removal of impurities, e.g. scavenging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
- H01G11/80—Gaskets; Sealings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
- Y10T137/7854—In couplings for coaxial conduits, e.g., drill pipe check valves
- Y10T137/7855—Valve seat threaded into a coupling element
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
- Y10T137/7858—With means for selecting area of valve or seat
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
- Y10T137/7869—Biased open
- Y10T137/7871—Weight biased
- Y10T137/7873—Ball valves
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
- Y10T137/7722—Line condition change responsive valves
- Y10T137/7837—Direct response valves [i.e., check valve type]
- Y10T137/7904—Reciprocating valves
Definitions
- Embodiments described herein relate generally to purge values, and, in particular, to purge valves for use in capacitors.
- EDLCs electrochemical double layer capacitors
- pseudocapacitors Such pressure can result from, for example, ripple voltage or over voltage.
- EDLCs and pseudocapacitors are fitted with a burst disk that opens and/or bursts when excessive pressure develops within the housing. For example, some known burst disks open when a pressure within the housing exceeds 100 psi.
- Known EDLCs and pseudocapacitors include burst disks as a safety measure to prevent the housing from rupturing due to excessive pressure.
- burst disk opens and/or bursts
- exposure to the surrounding atmosphere can cause the EDLC or pseudocapacitor to rapidly deteriorate.
- Such deterioration reduces the effectiveness and the life of the energy storage device.
- the EDLC or pseudocapacitor should be replaced as soon as possible.
- an apparatus in some embodiments, includes a housing and a purge valve.
- the housing defines a cavity and a lumen extending from a volume of the cavity to a volume outside the cavity.
- the purge valve is disposed within the lumen and includes an occlusion member.
- a portion of the occlusion member has a width substantially equal to a width of an end portion of the lumen such that the portion of the occlusion member is disposed within the end portion of the lumen when the purge valve is in a first configuration.
- the portion of the occlusion member being disposed outside the end portion of the lumen when the purge valve is in a second configuration.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic illustrations of a capacitor housing having a purge valve in a first position and a second position, respectively, according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a capacitor housing and a purge valve, according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a front view of the purge valve shown in FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 5 is a front view of the purge valve shown in FIG. 3 with the capacitor housing shown transparent.
- FIG. 6 is a top view of a lumen of the capacitor housing shown in FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 7 is a side perspective view of the purge valve shown in FIG. 3 .
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a method of releasing pressure within a housing of an energy storage device, according to another embodiment.
- an apparatus in some embodiments, includes a housing and a purge valve.
- the housing defines a cavity and a lumen extending from a volume of the cavity to a volume outside the cavity.
- the purge valve is disposed within the lumen and includes an occlusion member.
- a portion of the occlusion member has a width substantially equal to a width of an end portion of the lumen such that the portion of the occlusion member is disposed within the end portion of the lumen when the purge valve is in a first configuration.
- the portion of the occlusion member being disposed outside the end portion of the lumen when the purge valve is in a second configuration.
- the purge valve can move between its first configuration and its second configuration as needed.
- the occlusion member can pneumatically isolate the volume of the cavity from the volume outside the cavity when the purge valve is in the first configuration such that pressure can develop, accumulate and/or build-up within the cavity.
- the purge valve can move from its first configuration to its second configuration to release the pressure.
- the purge valve can move from its second configuration to its first configuration to once again pneumatically isolate the volume of the cavity from the volume outside the cavity.
- an apparatus in some embodiments, includes an occlusion member, at least one biased member, and an adjustable member.
- the occlusion member is disposed within a lumen of a housing and is configured to pneumatically isolate a volume defined by the housing with a volume outside the housing when in a first position.
- the occlusion member is substantially aligned along a longitudinal axis defined by the lumen of the housing.
- the at least one biased member is disposed adjacent to the occlusion member and is configured to bias the occlusion member in its first position.
- the at least one biased member defines a lumen substantially aligned along the longitudinal axis.
- the adjustable member is configured to retain the occlusion member and the at least one biased member within the lumen of the housing.
- the adjustable member defines a lumen substantially aligned along the longitudinal axis.
- the volume defined by the housing is in pneumatic communication with the volume outside the housing via the lumen of the at least one biased member and the lumen of the adjustable member when the occlusion member is in a second position.
- an apparatus in some embodiments, includes a housing defining a cavity and a lumen, at least one capacitor disposed within the cavity of the housing, and a purge valve having a threaded portion.
- the purge valve is disposed within the lumen when in a first configuration.
- the purge valve is configured to pneumatically isolate a volume defined by the cavity from a volume outside the housing when the purge valve is in the first configuration and a pressure within the cavity is less than a predetermined pressure.
- the volume defined by the cavity is in pneumatic communication with the volume outside the housing when the purge valve is in a second configuration.
- the purge valve can be moved from its first configuration to its second configuration by unscrewing the threaded portion from the housing.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 are schematic illustrations of a capacitor housing 110 having a purge valve 150 in a first position and a second position, respectively, according to an embodiment.
- the capacitor housing 110 can be any suitable housing in which at least one capacitor can be disposed, as further described in detail herein.
- the housing can be constructed of a metal (e.g., aluminum), plastics, polymers, resins, or combinations thereof, such as, for example, polycarbonate, polyethylene, or polypropylene.
- the capacitor housing 110 can be constructed similar to the cases shown and described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/424,830, filed Apr. 16, 2009, and entitled “Prismatic Polymer Case for Electrochemical Devices,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
- the capacitor housing 110 defines a cavity 115 and a lumen 120 .
- the cavity 115 is configured to contain and/or store at least one capacitor.
- multiple electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) and/or multiple pseudocapacitors can be disposed within the cavity 115 . More specifically, multiple electrodes and/or electrolyte can be stored within the cavity 115 .
- EDLCs and/or pseudocapacitors can be electrically coupled in series to increase the output voltage and/or in parallel to reduce the effective series resistance (ESR) and increase the power density of the device.
- ESR effective series resistance
- the capacitors can be similar to the capacitors shown and described in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/229,922, filed Aug.
- the housing can also include an anode and a cathode (not shown in FIG. 1 or 2 ) electrically coupled to the electrodes of the capacitors within the capacitor housing 110 to provide power to a load and/or a device.
- the lumen 120 extends from the cavity 115 to a volume outside the capacitor housing 110 .
- the lumen 120 pneumatically couples the cavity 115 with a volume surrounding the capacitor housing 110 and/or a volume outside the capacitor housing.
- the pressure within the cavity 115 can be equalized with the pressure outside the capacitor housing 110 via the lumen 120 . More specifically, through the lumen 120 , the pressure within the cavity 115 can be equalized with atmospheric pressure.
- the lumen 120 includes a first end portion 122 and a second end portion 124 . As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the first end portion 122 has a width greater than the second end portion 124 . As discussed in further detail herein, this allows the purge valve 150 to fit within the lumen 120 .
- a semi-permeable material can be disposed in the lumen 120 or positioned in the capacitor housing 110 covering the second end portion 124 of the lumen 120 .
- the semi-permeable material can allow certain gases produced in the capacitor housing 110 during periods of rapid charging or overcharging to pass through while being hydrophobic and substantially impermeable to liquid electrolyte so that the capacitor will not leak via the purge valve 150 .
- the semi-permeable material can be formulated to resist chemical degradation from contact with the electrolyte.
- the semi-permeable material can be configured to allow certain gases (e.g., hydrogen and oxygen) to pass therethrough, while preventing liquids and/or higher molecular weight or toxic gases from escaping the capacitor.
- the semi-permeable material can be made from a microporous polytetrafluorethylene sheet or sheets with a porosity that allows certain gases to pass therethrough, while preventing liquids and/or other gases from escaping through the purge valve 150 .
- the semi-permeable material can be made from a polytetrafluorethylene sheet having an average pore size in the range of from about 2 to about 10 microns (preferably from about 5 to about 10 microns), and a thickness in the range of 0.005 to 0.030 inches.
- Such a semi-permeable material has been found to permit relatively rapid venting of oxygen and hydrogen gas, and to be highly resistant to attack by electrolytes. Additionally, and depending upon pore size, it is substantially impermeable or only slightly permeable to electrolytes normally employed in EDLCs.
- the purge valve 150 can be any suitable structure configured to fit within the lumen 120 . As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , the purge valve 150 includes a first end portion 152 and a second end portion 154 . In some embodiments, the first end portion 152 can have a width substantially equal to the first end portion 122 of the lumen 120 and the second end portion 154 can have a width substantially equal to the second end portion 124 of the lumen 120 . This allows the purge valve 150 to fit within the lumen 120 . For example, as shown in FIG. 1 , the first end portion 152 of the purge valve 150 can be complementary to the first end portion 122 of the lumen 120 .
- the second end portion 154 of the purge valve 150 can be complementary to the second end portion 124 of the lumen 120 .
- the purge valve 150 can fit snugly and/or tightly within the lumen 120 .
- the cavity 115 is pneumatically isolated from the volume surrounding and/or outside the capacitor housing 110 . Said another way, the cavity 115 is pneumatically isolated from atmospheric pressure when the purge valve 150 is in its first position.
- the purge valve 150 has a first position ( FIG. 1 ) and a second position ( FIG. 2 ). As discussed above, when the purge valve 150 is in its first position ( FIG. 1 ), the purge valve 150 fits snugly and/or tightly within the lumen 120 . Additionally, when the purge valve is in its first position, the cavity 115 is pneumatically isolated from the volume surrounding and/or outside the capacitor housing 110 (e.g., pneumatically isolated from atmospheric pressure). Accordingly, pressure within the cavity can accumulate, build-up and/or develop. Additionally, the electrodes and/or electrolyte that define the capacitors within the cavity 115 are pneumatically isolated from the volume surrounding and/or outside the capacitor housing 110 when the purge valve 150 is in its first position. Thus, the capacitors are not exposed to the surrounding atmosphere.
- the purge valve 150 is biased in its first position ( FIG. 1 ). Similarly stated, during normal operation, the purge valve 150 is in its first position. Accordingly, during normal operation, the electrodes and/or electrolyte disposed within the cavity 115 are pneumatically isolated from the volume surrounding the housing 110 . This prevents the electrodes and electrolyte from deteriorating during normal operation.
- the purge valve 150 When the purge valve 150 is in its second position ( FIG. 2 ), the purge valve 150 is not completely disposed within the lumen 120 . As such, an air passage and/or a pneumatic path is defined through the lumen 120 between the cavity 115 and the volume surrounding the housing 110 . Similarly stated, the cavity is in pneumatic communication with the volume surrounding and/or outside the housing 110 . Accordingly, pressure within the cavity can be equalized with the pressure surrounding and/or outside the housing 110 (e.g., atmospheric pressure) when the purge valve 150 is in its second position. This can reduce and/or release pressure built-up within the cavity 115 .
- the pressure surrounding and/or outside the housing 110 e.g., atmospheric pressure
- the purge valve 150 moves from its first position ( FIG. 1 ) to its second position ( FIG. 2 ) when a pressure within the cavity 115 exceeds a first predetermined pressure threshold. More particularly, when the pressure within the cavity 115 exceeds the first predetermined pressure threshold, the pressure can cause the purge valve to move in the direction shown by the arrow AA in FIG. 1 . Similarly stated, the pressure within the cavity 115 can exert a force on the purge valve 150 in the direction shown by the arrow AA in FIG. 1 . This force causes the purge valve to move into its second position ( FIG. 2 ).
- a first predetermined pressure threshold can be between 103-110 pounds per square inch (psi). In other embodiments, the first predetermined pressure threshold can be less than 103 psi. In still other embodiments, the first predetermined pressure threshold can be greater than 110 psi.
- the pressure within the cavity 115 can be reduced and/or released via the air passage and/or pneumatic path. More specifically, the pressure within the cavity 115 can be released into the volume surrounding and/or outside the capacitor housing 110 . Similarly stated, the pneumatic communication between the cavity 115 and the surrounding atmosphere can reduce the pressure within the cavity 115 .
- the purge valve 150 can move from its second position ( FIG. 2 ) to its first position ( FIG. 1 ). More specifically, after the pressure within the cavity 115 falls below the second predetermined threshold, the force exerted by the pressure within the cavity 115 on the purge valve 150 in the direction shown by the arrow AA in FIG. 1 is no longer large enough to retain the purge valve 150 in its second position. Accordingly, the purge valve 150 moves in the direction shown by the arrow BB in FIG. 2 to its first configuration ( FIG. 1 ). Accordingly, the air passage and/or pneumatic path between the cavity 115 and the surrounding atmosphere is sealed and/or closed and the cavity is pneumatically isolated from the surrounding atmosphere.
- the second predetermined pressure threshold can be substantially equal to the first predetermined pressure threshold.
- the purge valve 150 moves from the first position to the second position and the second position to the first position at substantially the same predetermined pressure threshold.
- the second predetermined pressure threshold is less than the first predetermined pressure threshold. This allows the pressure within the cavity 115 to fall a predetermined amount of pressure below the first predetermined pressure threshold before the purge valve 150 is moved from its second position to its first position. This helps to ensure that the purge valve 150 is not frequently moving between its first position and its second position.
- the pressure within the cavity can increase an amount before the purge valve 150 again moves from the first position to the second position.
- Such embodiments can be said to include a hysteretic effect.
- Such a resealable purge valve 150 can be used to release the pressure within the cavity 115 without exposing the contents of the cavity (e.g., the electrodes and the electrolyte of the capacitors) to the surrounding atmosphere for prolonged periods of time. Accordingly, the capacitors within the housing 110 can be operational and/or used for longer periods of time after the purge valve 150 releases the pressure within the cavity 115 than capacitors within housings without a resealable purge valve. Specifically, the capacitors within a housing 110 having a resealable purge valve 150 can be exposed to the surrounding atmosphere less than capacitors within a housing without a resealable purge valve. Accordingly, less degradation occurs in capacitors within a housing 110 having a resealable purge valve 150 .
- such a resealable purge valve 150 allows the pressure within the cavity 115 to be released more than once. For example, if after the purge valve 150 is moved from its second position ( FIG. 2 ) to its first position ( FIG. 1 ) the pressure within the cavity 115 exceeds the first predetermined pressure threshold, the purge valve 150 can once again move from its first position to its second position to release the pressure within the cavity 150 . This cycle can occur any number of times. This extends the life and use of the capacitors disposed within the housing 110 .
- FIGS. 3-7 illustrate a resealable purge valve 200 , according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded view of a capacitor housing 280 and a purge valve 200 , according to another embodiment.
- the capacitor housing 280 can be any suitable capacitor housing defining a cavity (not shown) and a lumen 282 . As such, the capacitor housing can be similar to the capacitor housing 110 .
- the cavity (not shown) defined by the capacitor housing 280 can include one or more capacitors.
- multiple electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) and/or multiple pseudocapacitors can be disposed within the cavity. More specifically, electrolyte and/or multiple electrodes can be stored within the cavity.
- EDLCs and/or pseudocapacitors can be electrically coupled in series to increase the output voltage and/or in parallel to reduce the effective series resistance (ESR) and increase the power density of the device.
- ESR effective series resistance
- the housing can also include an anode and a cathode (not shown) electrically coupled to the electrodes of the capacitors within the capacitor housing 280 to provide power to a load and/or a device.
- the lumen 282 can pneumatically couple the cavity within the housing 280 with a volume surrounding the housing 282 .
- the cavity can be in pneumatic communication with a surrounding atmosphere via the lumen 282 . Accordingly, a pressure within the cavity can be equalized with atmospheric pressure via the lumen 282 . Similarly stated, a pressure within the cavity can be reduced and/or released via the lumen 282 .
- FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate the lumen 282 in greater detail.
- the lumen 282 includes a first end portion 284 , a second end portion 286 and a tapered portion 288 .
- the first end portion 284 has a first width W 1 and the second end portion 286 has a second width W 2 , less than the first width W 1 .
- the first end portion 284 is configured to receive an adjustable member 210 of the purge valve 200 .
- the adjustable member 210 is configured to be releasably coupled to the first end portion 284 of the lumen 282 .
- a sidewall of the first end portion of the lumen includes a threaded portion configured to matingly receive a threaded portion of the adjustable member 210 , as further described herein.
- the first end portion 284 of the lumen can include any other type of connector to matingly receive the adjustable member 210 .
- the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 is configured to receive an occlusion member 240 of the purge valve 200 .
- the occlusion member 240 is configured to be disposed within the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 when in a first position. When in the first position, the occlusion member 240 defines a pneumatic seal with the second end portion 286 . Similarly stated, the occlusion member 240 pneumatically isolates the lumen 282 from the cavity (not shown) when disposed within the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 .
- the tapered portion 288 of the lumen 282 is disposed between the first end portion 284 of the lumen 282 and the second end portion 286 of the lumen.
- the tapered portion 288 is effective to properly reseat the occlusion member 240 in the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 when the occlusion member 240 is moved from its second position to its first position, as described in further detail herein.
- the tapered portion 288 can facilitate/help guide and/or direct the occlusion member 240 into its first position.
- the purge valve 200 includes an occlusion member 240 , a biased member 230 , a washer 220 and an adjustable member 210 .
- the occlusion member 240 can be any suitable structure configured to fit within the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 when in a first position but define a pneumatic passage through the lumen when in a second position, as described in further detail herein.
- the occlusion member 240 can be any suitable structure that occludes and/or pneumatically seals the second end portion 286 of the lumen when in the first position but does not occlude and/or pneumatically seal the second end portion 286 of the lumen when in the second position. As shown in FIGS.
- the occlusion member 240 can be a sphere having a diameter greater than the width W 2 of the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 . In such embodiments, a portion of the sphere extends into the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 ( FIG. 5 ). In other embodiments, the occlusion member 240 can be any other shape and/or structure, such as a rectangular prism, an ovoid, a pyramid, and/or the like.
- the biased member 230 can be any structure configured to bias the occlusion member 240 in its first position. Similarly stated, the biased member 230 can be any structure configured to retain the occlusion member 240 within the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 when a pressure within the cavity of the housing 280 is below a pressure threshold. As shown in FIGS. 3 , 5 and 7 , the biased member 230 can be a wave washer. As shown in FIG. 7 , such a wave washer can define a lumen 232 configured to receive a portion of the occlusion member 240 . In such embodiments, the lumen 232 can have a width smaller than a width of the occlusion member 240 .
- a portion of the occlusion member 240 can be received by the lumen 232 when a pressure within the cavity is greater than a pressure threshold, as described in further detail herein. Additionally, in such embodiments, because of the wave structure of the biased member 230 , a first portion of an inner surface of the biased member 230 contacts the occlusion member 240 while a second portion of the inner surface of the biased member 230 does not contact the occlusion member 240 .
- the lumen 232 can facilitate the retention of the occlusion member 240 in substantial alignment with the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 when the occlusion member 240 is in the second position.
- the biased member can be any other suitable structure. Accordingly, the biased member 230 can exert a force on the occlusion member 240 such that the occlusion member is biased in its first position.
- the biased member can be one or more springs, a flexible lock washer, and/or the like.
- the biased member 230 has a first position and a second position, corresponding to the first position and the second position of the occlusion member 240 . Accordingly, when the occlusion member 240 is moved from its first position to its second position, the occlusion member 240 moves the biased member 230 from its first position to its second position. Similarly, when the biased member 230 moves from its second position to its first position, the biased member 230 moves the occlusion member 240 from its second position to its first position.
- the washer 220 can be any suitable washer to be disposed between the biased member 230 and the adjustable member 210 .
- the washer defines a lumen 222 .
- the lumen of the washer 220 is aligned with the lumen of the biased member 230 , as described in further detail herein.
- the purge valve does not include a washer.
- the biased member can directly contact the adjustable member.
- the adjustable member 210 can be any suitable member disposed within the lumen 282 .
- the adjustable member 210 is coupled to the first end portion 284 of the lumen 282 . More specifically, the adjustable member 210 is coupled to the lumen 282 such that an end portion of the adjustable member 210 is disposed within the lumen 282 a distance. Accordingly, the adjustable member 210 retains the washer 220 , the biased member 230 and the occlusion member 240 within the lumen 282 when the adjustable member 210 is coupled to the first end portion 284 of the lumen 282 .
- the adjustable member 210 can be removably coupled to the first end portion 284 of the lumen 282 using any suitable coupling portion and/or mechanism.
- the adjustable member 210 includes a threaded portion configured to matingly engage a threaded portion of the lumen 280 .
- any other suitable coupling mechanism can be used to removably couple the adjustable member 210 to the first end portion 284 of the lumen 282 .
- the adjustable member 210 defines a lumen 212 .
- the lumen 212 is configured to pneumatically couple the cavity of the housing 280 with the volume surrounding the housing 280 when the occlusion member 240 is in its second position. Accordingly, when the occlusion member 240 is in its second position, the lumen 212 of the adjustable member 210 is part of an air passage and/or a pneumatic path defined between the cavity of the housing 280 and the volume surrounding and/or outside the housing 280 , as described in further detail herein.
- the lumen 282 of the housing 280 defines a longitudinal axis A L ( FIGS. 5 and 7 ). As shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 , the adjustable member 210 , the washer 220 , the biased member 230 and the occlusion member 240 are substantially aligned along the longitudinal axis A L within the lumen 282 . More specifically, the lumen 212 of the adjustable member 210 , the lumen 222 of the washer 220 , the lumen 232 of the biased member, and a center portion of the occlusion member 240 are substantially aligned along the longitudinal axis A L .
- the purge valve 200 is assembled by placing the occlusion member 240 , the biased member 230 , the washer 220 and the adjustable member 210 into the lumen 282 defined by the housing 280 , as shown in FIG. 5 .
- the occlusion member 240 can be disposed within the lumen 282 such that the occlusion member 240 is partially disposed within the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 .
- the biased member 230 can then be placed in the lumen 282 such that the biased member contacts and/or abuts the occlusion member 240 .
- the washer 220 can be placed on top of and/or contacting the biased member 230 and the adjustable member 210 can be releasably coupled to the first end portion 284 of the lumen 282 .
- the adjustable member 210 can be screwed into the lumen until the occlusion member 240 is tightly disposed within the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 .
- the predetermined pressure within the cavity at which the occlusion member 240 moves from its first position to its second position can be adjusted by the distance the adjustable member 210 extends within the lumen 282 of the housing 280 .
- electrodes and/or electrolyte can be placed and/or inserted within the cavity (not shown) of the housing 280 .
- the electrodes and/or electrolyte can be placed and/or inserted within the cavity of the housing 280 prior to placing and/or assembling the purge valve 200 within the lumen 282 .
- an anode and a cathode electrically coupled to the electrodes can be coupled to a load and the energy storage device can begin to operate and/or function (e.g., by providing power to the load).
- the purge valve 200 remains in its first position.
- the biased member 230 exerts a force on the occlusion member 240 in the direction shown by the arrow DD in FIGS. 5 and 7 such that the occlusion member 240 is retained within the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 (e.g., FIG. 5 ).
- the cavity of the housing 280 (and thus the electrodes and the electrolyte) are pneumatically isolated from the volume surrounding the housing 280 .
- pressure can build-up, accumulate and/or increase within the cavity.
- the pressure within the cavity of the housing 280 rises and/or increases above a first predetermined pressure threshold, the pressure within the cavity exerts a force on the occlusion member 240 in the direction shown by the arrow CC in FIGS. 5 and 7 greater than the force exerted on the occlusion member 240 by the biased member 230 in the direction shown by the arrow DD in FIGS. 5 and 7 . Accordingly, the force exerted on the occlusion member 240 by the pressure in the cavity causes the occlusion member 240 to move in the direction shown by the arrow CC. This movement breaks the pneumatic seal between the occlusion member 240 and the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 .
- this movement causes an air passage and/or a pneumatic path to be defined from the cavity to the volume surrounding and/or outside the housing 280 .
- the lumen 212 of the adjustable member 210 , the lumen 222 of the washer 220 , the lumen of the biased member 230 and the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 define an air passage and/or a pneumatic path between the cavity and the volume surrounding and/or outside the housing 280 . Via the air passage and/or the pneumatic path, the pressure within the cavity of the housing 280 can be reduced and/or released.
- the occlusion member 240 While in its second position, the occlusion member 240 can remain aligned with the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 along the longitudinal axis A L because of the lumen 232 of the biased member 230 . More specifically, when the occlusion member 240 is moved into its second position, a portion of the occlusion member 240 is received by the lumen 232 of the biased member 230 . Because the lumen 232 of the biased member 230 is substantially aligned with the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 , this helps to ensure that the occlusion member 240 remains substantially aligned with the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 when in its second position.
- the force exerted by the pressure within the cavity on the occlusion member 240 in the direction shown by the arrow CC is less than the force exerted on the occlusion member 240 by the biased member 230 in the direction shown by the arrow DD. Accordingly, the force exerted on the occlusion member 240 by the biased member 230 causes the occlusion member 240 to move from its second position to its first position. Similarly stated, the pneumatic seal between the occlusion member 240 and the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 can be reformed. Thus, the electrodes and the electrolyte disposed within the cavity of the housing 280 are once again pneumatically isolated.
- the tapered portion 288 assists the biased member 230 in moving the occlusion member 240 from its second position to its first position. More specifically, the tapered portion 288 helps direct and/or guide the occlusion member 240 into the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 .
- the occlusion member 240 when in its second position, is not exactly aligned with the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 , when the biased member 230 moves the occlusion member 240 in the direction of the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 (e.g., the direction shown by the arrow DD), the occlusion member 240 can slide along the tapered portion 288 and into the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 . Accordingly, the tapered portion 288 assists the occlusion member 240 in redefining the pneumatic seal with the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 .
- the second predetermined pressure threshold can be substantially equal to the first predetermined pressure threshold.
- the occlusion member 240 moves from its first position to its second position and from its second position to its first position at the same predetermined pressure threshold.
- the second predetermined pressure threshold is less than the first predetermined pressure threshold. This allows the pressure within the cavity to fall a predetermined amount of pressure below the first predetermined pressure threshold before the purge valve 200 is moved from its second position to its first position. Such embodiments can be said to have a hysteretic effect.
- the amount of force it takes to move the occlusion member 240 is greater than the amount of force it takes to retain the occlusion member 240 in its current position (the first position or the second position).
- the first predetermined pressure threshold i.e., the pressure within the cavity needed to move the occlusion member 240 from its first position to its second position
- the second predetermined threshold i.e., the pressure within the cavity needed for the force exerted on the occlusion member 240 by the biased member 230 to move the occlusion member 240 from its second position to its first position.
- Such a hysteretic effect helps to ensure that the purge valve 200 is not frequently moving between its first position and its second position.
- the pressure within the cavity can increase an amount before the occlusion member 240 again moves from its first position to its second position.
- the first predetermined threshold and/or the second predetermined threshold can be adjusted, calibrated and/or modified.
- the amount of force applied by the biased member 230 on the occlusion member 240 i.e., in the direction shown by the arrow DD in FIG. 7
- the adjustable member 210 can be tightened or loosened. More specifically, the adjustable member 210 can be moved with respect to the housing 280 in the direction shown by the arrow CC or in the direction shown by the arrow DD. Accordingly, the distance that an end portion of the adjustable member extends into the lumen 282 can be varied. Such tightening or loosening can reduce or increase the amount of space between the washer 220 and the occlusion member 240 , respectively.
- the adjustable member 210 is tightened such that it moves in the direction shown by the arrow DD in FIGS. 5 and 7 , the space between the washer 220 and the occlusion member 240 decreases. This causes the biased member 230 to apply a greater force on the occlusion member 240 . Accordingly, the pressure within the cavity of the housing 280 must apply a greater force on the occlusion member 240 to overcome and/or exceed the force applied by the biased member 230 on the occlusion member 240 and move the occlusion member 240 from its first position to its second position. Thus, the first predetermined threshold is increased. In some embodiments, such tightening of the adjustable member 210 can similarly increase the second predetermined threshold.
- the adjustable member is loosened such that it moves in the direction shown by the arrow CC in FIGS. 5 and 7 , the space between the washer 220 and the occlusion member 240 increases. This causes the biased member 230 to apply a lesser force on the occlusion member 240 . Accordingly, the pressure within the cavity of the housing 280 need only apply a lesser force on the occlusion member 240 to overcome and/or exceed the force applied by the biased member 230 on the occlusion member 240 and move the occlusion member 240 from its first position to its second position. Thus, the first predetermined threshold is decreased. In some embodiments, such loosening of the adjustable member 210 can similarly decrease the second predetermined threshold.
- additional washers 220 and/or biased members 230 can be used to increase the first predetermined threshold and/or the second predetermined threshold. For example, by adding additional washers 220 between the adjustable member 210 and the biased member 230 , the distance between the biased member 230 and the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 decreases. Thus, the biased member 230 is further compressed between the washers 220 and the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 , causing the biased member 230 to exert a greater force on the occlusion member 240 in the direction shown by the arrow DD. Accordingly, a greater pressure within the cavity of the housing 280 is needed to overcome and/or exceed the force exerted on the occlusion member 240 by the biased member 230 . Thus, the first predetermined threshold is increased.
- adding additional washers 220 can similarly increase the second predetermined threshold.
- the design specifications of the biased member 230 influences the pressure threshold at which the occlusion member 240 moves between its first and second positions.
- the stiffness of the biased member can be chosen to define the desired pressure threshold.
- a combination of various materials can be used to define the pressure threshold.
- the stiffness of the occlusion member 240 , the washer 220 and the biased member 230 can be taken into account when configuring the valve to be responsive to a predetermined pressure threshold.
- adding additional biased members 230 between the washer 220 and the occlusion member 240 increases the force exerted on the occlusion member 240 by the biased members 230 .
- Adding additional biased members 230 decreases the distance between the biased members 230 and the second end portion 286 of the lumen 282 and increases the stiffness of the biased members 230 . Accordingly, a greater pressure within the cavity of the housing 280 is needed to overcome and/or exceed the force exerted on the occlusion member 240 by the biased members 230 .
- the first predetermined threshold is increased.
- adding additional biased members 230 can also increase or decrease the second predetermined threshold.
- a purge valve 200 with one biased member can provide a first predetermined threshold of 100 psi and a second predetermined threshold of 115 psi. By adding a second biased member, the first predetermined threshold is increased to 103 psi and the second predetermined threshold is decreased to 110 psi.
- replacing the biased member 230 with a stiffer and/or less elastic biased member can increase the first predetermined threshold and/or the second predetermined threshold.
- replacing the biased member 230 with a more elastic biased member can decrease the first predetermined threshold and/or the second predetermined threshold.
- the purge valve 200 can be customized to operate at any range of pressures simply by changing the number of washers and/or biased members or by selecting washers and/or biased members with certain material properties to achieve the desired pressure range.
- the pressure within the cavity of the housing 280 can be manually relieved.
- a user of the device can loosen the adjustable member 210 from the lumen 282 of the housing 280 such that the biased member 230 no longer retains the occlusion member 240 within the second end portion 286 of the lumen 280 .
- the adjustable member 210 can be moved in the direction shown by the arrow CC in FIGS. 5 and 7 until the biased member 230 no longer applies a sufficient force on the occlusion member 240 to retain the occlusion member 240 within the second end portion 286 of the lumen 280 .
- the pneumatic seal between the occlusion member 240 and the second end portion 286 of the lumen 280 can break and an air passage and/or a pneumatic path to be defined within the second end portion 286 of the lumen 280 .
- the pressure within the cavity can be released and/or reduced via the pneumatic path.
- the cavity can be manually resealed (e.g., the occlusion member 240 moved to its first position) by tightening the adjustable member 210 such that the adjustable member 210 moves in the direction shown by the arrow DD in FIGS. 5 and 7 .
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a method 300 of regulating (i.e., maintaining and/or releasing) pressure within a housing of an energy storage device, according to another embodiment.
- the method 300 includes inserting a purge valve into a lumen defined by a housing such that an occlusion member of the purge valve is in a first position, at 302 .
- a cavity defined by the housing is pneumatically isolated from the volume outside the cavity when the occlusion member is in the first position. Electrolyte and multiple electrodes are disposed within the cavity.
- the purge valve can be structurally and functionally similar to the purge valve 150 and/or the purge valve 200 , shown and described above.
- the occlusion member is moved from its first position to a second position when a pressure within the cavity is greater than a first predetermined pressure threshold, at 304 .
- the cavity defined by the housing is in pneumatic communication with the volume outside the cavity when in its second position. Accordingly, the pressure within the cavity can be reduced.
- the occlusion member is moved from its second position to its first position when the pressure within the cavity is less than a second predetermined pressure threshold, at 306 . Accordingly, the cavity defined by the housing is once again pneumatically isolated from the volume outside the cavity. This allows the electrolyte and the multiple electrodes disposed within the cavity to operate without being exposed to the atmosphere surrounding the housing.
- the first pressure threshold and the second pressure threshold are optionally adjusted by adjusting an adjustable member of the purge valve, at 308 . As discussed above, such adjustments can increase and/or reduce the force applied to the occlusion member by a biased member of the purge valve. Increasing the force applied to the occlusion member increases the first pressure threshold and/or the second pressure threshold. Decreasing the force applied to the occlusion member decreases the first pressure threshold and/or the second pressure threshold.
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- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Electric Double-Layer Capacitors Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (29)
Priority Applications (2)
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US12/878,330 US8760850B2 (en) | 2010-09-09 | 2010-09-09 | Methods and apparatus related to a purge valve for a capacitor |
US14/282,690 US10242808B2 (en) | 2010-09-09 | 2014-05-20 | Methods and apparatus related to a purge valve for a capacitor |
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US12/878,330 US8760850B2 (en) | 2010-09-09 | 2010-09-09 | Methods and apparatus related to a purge valve for a capacitor |
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US14/282,690 Continuation US10242808B2 (en) | 2010-09-09 | 2014-05-20 | Methods and apparatus related to a purge valve for a capacitor |
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US8760850B2 true US8760850B2 (en) | 2014-06-24 |
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US14/282,690 Active US10242808B2 (en) | 2010-09-09 | 2014-05-20 | Methods and apparatus related to a purge valve for a capacitor |
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US10242808B2 (en) | 2010-09-09 | 2019-03-26 | Ioxus, Inc. | Methods and apparatus related to a purge valve for a capacitor |
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US8411413B2 (en) | 2008-08-28 | 2013-04-02 | Ioxus, Inc. | High voltage EDLC cell and method for the manufacture thereof |
CN106158361B (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-07-24 | 铜陵源丰电子有限责任公司 | A kind of capacitor based on exhaust radiator structure |
CN106169368B (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-11-16 | 铜陵源丰电子有限责任公司 | A kind of industrial supercapacitor that cools down automatically |
CN106169369B (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-11-16 | 铜陵源丰电子有限责任公司 | A kind of motor-driven heat exchange type capacitor |
US12031511B2 (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2024-07-09 | Systematic Power Manufacturing, Llc | On-board starting module for vehicle engine |
US12040654B2 (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2024-07-16 | Systematic Power Manufacturing, Llc | On-board starting module for vehicle engine |
US11833987B2 (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2023-12-05 | Systematic Power Manufacturing, Llc | Super capacitor based power module for lift gate |
US12034131B2 (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2024-07-09 | Systematic Power Manufacturing, Llc | Stand-by power module for vehicle engine |
US11837908B2 (en) | 2021-06-11 | 2023-12-05 | Systematic Power Manufacturing, Llc | Super capacitor based power system for delivery vehicle |
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Also Published As
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US20150029639A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
US20120063057A1 (en) | 2012-03-15 |
US10242808B2 (en) | 2019-03-26 |
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