US872503A - Magnetic igniter. - Google Patents

Description

. o. E. DURYEA. .MA@1N-ETI@ IGNITBR. APPLICATION FILED snPT.14.19oe.

PATENTED- DEC. 3, 1907.

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PATENTED DEG. -3, 1907.

C; E. DURYEA. MAGNETIC IGNITER. V APPLIUATION FILED SEPT. 14,1906.

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Q/Vitnesoeo l citizen of the United ,States ofAmerica, and

' CHARLES E. DURYEA, OF READING, PENNSYLVANIA. j

MAGNETIC Iernrrnia.,

To all whom it may concern: I. Be it knownthat I, CHARLES E. DURYEA, a

resident of Reading, in the county of Berks and State of Pennsylvania, have`invented certain new and useful Improvements lin Magnetic lgniters, of which the following isa specification.

i My inventlon consists of anignitingdevice particularly adapted to internalcombustion engines wherein the spark'for igniting the explosive charge is produced by a magnetic igniter'or spark plug adapted .to the gas engine cylinder or cylinders and operatedwithout the use of mechanical partsattached to they engine 'other than a device for making #and breaking the circuitat the proper time.

. 'The objects of this invention are to rovide a spark lug that will produce a s ar ofv 'the-.make an break variety with mec anism embodied in the plug itself so that by removv ing and exchanging plugs a good one may be substituted for a laulty one and the neces- ;sity of repairing, replacing or adjusting the faulty one-at an inconvenientltime be avoided to provide a means for varying the time i at which the-spark may occur with reference to the piston movement by varying the time of m-akingand breaking the electriccircut instead of varymg thev mechanical devlces commonly used-,to produce the make and break spark; to insure the production of the spark absolutely at the proper time and withoutrelation to the. rate of vibration of amT spring or vibratingcurrent breaker, as

f will be hereafterfexplained; to secure a large,

hot, lat spark with a minimum expenditure of electric current and with a minimum like-- lihood of loss of current by vfaultyinsulation or by the fouling of thel insulation; and other objects as will be set forthV in this speciication. I accomplish these objects by means of the fdevice shown yin the accompanying l drawings formingpart of this specification In plug. Fig. 2. is an .elevation partly in section showing duite fully the construction of the plug. Fig. 3, is a ditailjbottom plan of the ond of vthe lug that projects to the engine cylinder. ig.4 is an enlarged section on the lino 4-`-4 offFig. 2Q Figs. 5 and 6 show a nmdification. *Fiep 7 is a viewvsimilar to Fig.,2 showing a sll'ghtlymodified form.

Similar letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views,

' Specification of lletters Patent. Applicant aieasepambe 14. 190s. sain No. 334.675.

Patented' nec. a, 19o?.

` y The plug consists of a soft iron corea. and aV `soft iron, jacket b arranged to form an iron clad magnet closed at one end, preferablyby screwing ,the ycore into the threaded' end of the jacket by which arrangement I secure ease of construction and the labilityto re- ,move'the core and the parts it contains for Yins ection or repairs7 without disturbing the jac et and thef parts vmounted upon it. xSee 'Fig'. 2. The space 'between the core and file jacket is filled with a bobbinor winding'iof magnet Wire which may beisulated in the customary manner but is preferably insulated with something able toresistheat, such as amixture'of `Water glass and powdered lavafl preferably fit this bobbin of Wire tightly into the jacket L and loosely upon the core, Which permits the core to be removed Without disturbing the Wires. l

. One end of ithe wire is grounded upon and attached'to the jacket by soldering, riveting or other suitable means andthe other endy of thewire is attached to an insulated binding post c mounted upon the outer wall of `the jacket @provision being made for the passage of the Wire vthrough the' wall of the jacket b with ample insulation around it.

' The binding post c and asimilar one d have thin-metallic bases formed-like part'of a cylinder, which enables them to iitl around the jacket b.l They do not, hoWe`ver,n1eet'each other as will be seen in Fig. 1 and they are i'nsulated from the jacket b by a ring surrounded on each side by a layer'of vmica or similarmaterial. That .they may be heldin lace without screws liable to penetrate the jacket, and possiblyv contact with the wire inside, another layer of insulating material is laid outside the flat bases of these posts and a Winding of' wire P holds the bases and the.-

tWo layers of insulating material firmly in place; 'a simple, satisfactory and permanent astening. Of course, any other sui table fastening may be used. On the insulated binding post d is pivoted an armature e; This armature is held out of contact with the magnet by a thin layer of suitable material or as we--have shown, by an insulating material like mica and when ,not

under the inuenceof magnetism, due' to a current passing through the Wire of the mags net,.a spring f'lifts the armature lsome distance Yaway from the poles of the magnet. This armature e has a small hole through its center through which passes a reciprocating spark electrode rod g. This ,electrode rodv is 40 of the magnet.

threaded for purposes of adjustment.

long and slim, of light weight, and provided at its outer end with a head It against the under side of, which the armature contacts when not closely drawn to the magnet. On

5 the upper side of this head, the springfbears very forcibly when the armature isdown; but only slightly or not at all when the armature is up. A second spring h also bears lightly on this head, so as to insure that the point of the electrode g remains down and in contact with its, complementary electrode 'L except when lifted and held out of contact by the armature e under the action of thespring f. When the armature is down nearly in contact with the magnet the magnetic pull (varying substantially as the square of the distance) is quite strong, which insures a goed contact between the spark electrodes g' and i. 'This forcible pull also produces ashortfbend in the spring f over the head of the electrode g and insures that when the current through the magnet is broke'nthe'ar-l mature is lifted quickly and forcibly l'which coming in contact with the head of the electrode rod g, strikes it a hammer blow andv knocks it out of contact with the electrode 'i ina manner calculated to-produce a most satisfactory spark if a current is lflowing through the spark points at 1this time.

Neither spring oifers'much resistance to a rebound so both the armature and the -e'lectrode rod rise above their normal positions thus producing a Wide gap after which they at once fall to their normal positions as determined by the springf, the armature remainsupport o, which is rovided near its upper'.

end with a metallic ange and is guided and held in position by mica washers surrounding the tubular portions on each side of the flange and clamped tightly in place by a.nut .p threaded into the upper end of the core a. By this arrangement the insulating material is at a considerabledistance from the heat,

smoke, lubricating oi-l or similar causes of fouling likely to be found in the explosion chamber and therefore seldom needs cleanin When it is necessary, however,.to clean this insulation, the jacket may be unscrewed.

from the core Without disturbing the winding, the armature, the adjustment` ojthe'- springs or the-insulations of the binding post -andv by unscrewing the nut p, new irisula-f tions can be provided for the tubular support f o. The electrode rod g is of suchsmall iamleter and of such great length" in the tubular Y suiplport o that almost no'. leakage takes placer W e this construction revents clogging and l insures, as has been etermined by usage,-

erases that the electrode rod g shall remain free to move and not be likely to stick or move with difficulty or in any tion of the device.

A .diagrammatic arrangement of the parts as arra ed for use is shown in Fig. 2. battery indicated at 4 has one Wire grounded upon the engine. are carried to the ordinary spark coil here tofore described shown at 5 and also to the circuit breaker shown at 6. This circuit closer consists of an adjusting screw j and a -movable or elastic contact iece c mounted upon an insulating base 1, w ich is journaled to swi around the shaft m. This shaft inspecting t s diagram it will is closed, thence throu h the. coilof the inagthe core of the magnet and plug, thence to that when the armature 4e is drawn down by the magnet a second circuit will' be .completed from the battery Ato the coil from the The action of the' lug is therefore as folof current through the coil 5 and lessens the that avery slight amountof current will 5 while4 the mailt-)lr portion of the current flowing through` t g t asv yt'o -insure' -a' large sparkwhen. the circuit comes brokefn; the magnet caes its holdfon The.

be seen'.t at, a current may vvass from thef batteryV to the circuit closer w en the circuit -suice to` overcome the tension of the spring. i f and maintain the circuit through the. coil way interfere with the ac- From theother pole 'wires carries t e cam or equivalent device n adapted net to th'ejacket c f t e magnet, thence to 95 the engine and thence through the ground I' l wire to the battery. It' will alsov be evidentv i 1001 coil to the post d, from the ost through thev v y,s rings f and h to the electro e rod g, through 1 't to the electrode i, the core of the plug and j. the engine andthence back to the battery.

lows When the s aft m in the course oft-ff. its moyement orv because of the l'shifting of the 'circuit closer aroundl the shaft,'causes .the lcam n to complete the circuit-through l the magnet'of the plug by brigingthe contact piece [7C into v'contact with the screw j, i the magnet -becomes saturated, attracts the i l armature.A e and closesl the circuit through-"5` the electrode g. "This at once permitaa flow l flow through the magnet but since the mage L netic pull when the armature is close' to the ,magnet, is very much greater than when at"V some distance, itWill be readily understood j' sfcoil-.fully saturates it, so,

through this coil is broken.'-When in the frevolution lof the cra shaft m, thecam n) `Jac the, armature'e, vwhich Ais `then suddenly z thrown upward by the tension-of the spring y andstrikes the head of the electrode rod g suitable intervals around the shaftim., so that' lthe arniature e.

the entire strength of tl-ie battery to act on! closer.

a blow, knocking it out of contact with the electrode- -i.. and producing a spark'. at'tlie points. Duringthe slight instant ot' time between the breaking of the circuit and the release oi the armature. e,-a perceptible period required by the niagnet to lose itssat-` Juration, although slight,-tlie entire current from the battery is permitted to iiow through the coil 5, thus saturating it to Iits fullest befoie its circuit is broken byV the release of This arrangement Vsecures circuits are closed is determined,'of course' `h v therelative resistances ot those circuits.

The coil 5 is usually wound with a coarse wire surrounding along wre,-\\vhereas the magnet of the plug is wound with a muchv finer wire. surrounding a comparatively iuuch'sliorter core and of a shape ai-Llapted to give a strong -pull on the armature capable ot' producing a quick, powerful action, with aslight amount of current, lwhich quick and powertul pull permits the useol a stiff spring `fand insures a quick acting-device suitable for high speed engines.;

By the use of a circuit 'closer equipped with a number of breaking devices arranged Yat thc cani rnJ may connect them in proper suc-` cession; by connecting each breaker separately to its respective lug and proper post, and by connecting tie coil 5 to the engines can be operated as readily as the siiigle arrangement shown. In this event a sin-- gle sourceof electricity and a single coil serves all the plugs. The circuit closer 1s designed for and adapted to the number of c \"linders to be ignited while the iplugs fare duplicates eacliof the other and can therefore be interchanged or removed tor cleaning or repair without disturbing the. others.

'l"he.electrode rod gis of such sin/all size and weight that it may be made of material.

adapted to resist heat and corrosion due to the sparking, becausethe cost of such slight amount of material is not excessive.' '.Bcing iight, it may be moved more rapidly than is the casewith most sparking devices, which adds to the speed ofy the plug. The spark- The ing point orelectrodefi is likewise small and -can be made ot good'quality without much expense. This screw being adjustable, perinits the adjustment of the plug as the` points in contact wear away. By having the electrode i of substantially twice the diameter of the electrode rod g and slightly ,eccentric thereto, turning the 4screw electrode 'i both varies Vthe distance between the points andbriiigs a new contact surface on the end of the screw electrode t against thel point ofthe electrode rod g, thus adding'to the lifel of these parts. The electrode rod g can be readily removed by loosening the binding post d in a self-evident 'mannen so as to release the'springs f and h sufiiciently to perniittheni tol be swung slightly to one side and'perniit the electrode rod g to be withdrawn'from its support.' -In Figsjlv and 2 tlic mica or other insulating material has `not been lettered but has'been indicated by the solid black used; l

. It willbe noted that the'insulation is far back from theopening into thel engine,- and said opening is sniallvand any oil or soot pass. ing through the opening can hardly reach the insulation. This soot may deposit, how# over, on the walls of t-he opening until git finally touches Atlieineedle and 'ii' this needle did not `inove they soot would make a short circuit, but since the needle is'vnorinally in motion it constantly breaks'loo's'e 'any parti-, cles of soot and prevents this eiiec'tL This'i's considered of great importance.`

1n niy device a light current viindstlie spring fwithout tension and the armature e is therefore readily drawn toward the 'magnet until the electrode rod g'isbrought into contact withthe electrode i. The springfniust then be strained over the head'ioftlic'elctrederod 'g in ord'er to permit furtliernioveinent Aofthe armature 4but silice 'the armature is, at this tiine, so close'totheinagnen ev'en fa slight current `will overcoinethis strain'and complete t-l'ic'travcl oi the ariiiatuic. rThe value of this straining actionl is twoiold.

` i .The contact points are .forced together with proper post of all theplugs,.niultip1e cylinder i great pressure, thus absolutely insuring-a contact between the sparking points in spite of s oot or scale, which contact 1s necessary to be able to `produce a spark andl second the. spring f being under great'te'nsion, quickly starts the niass of the armature away from the magnet and causes it to strike a sharp hammer blow on the `electrode rod g while the rebound ofthe' 'electrode rod and armature above their normal position quite perceptibly increases the length of the spark gap and fa-- cilitates ignition.

` Not only is itl desirablev that asui-table spark as large as possible may' be produced to starting,.but 'it-` is alst desirable that this spark shall 4be as large as iossible when running. lVith devices in w iicli the. circuit is broken as soon as the magnetism reaches a given strength, it is uite evident that the size of the spark wil not appreciablyl increase with an increase in the'strength. of the current but that the increased. current simply saturatesy the magnet more. uickly up to the breaking oint instead di more strongly. With my evice a'current that is strong enough to ignite will, if the Wirings are properly proportionate, be strong enough to act upon the armature e and close the circuit through Athe coil 5, while, as in starting, the slow speed of the motor will permit this weak lcurrent to have am le time to. fully saturate the coil before t e circuit is broken and therefore permit the largest spark possible from the coil with the weak current. At higher speeds and with muchl which they work-.' At slow speeds and with light current the'inagnet saturates slowly but becauseof the low speed; there is ample time to saturate the coil. Wit-li a large c urrent the magnet saturates tothe strength .required more quickly, leaving a greater pro-l portion of the period of contact for the satul ration of the coil. On this account the length of contact at the circuitcloser 6 need 'be very little greater with .this device than with a commonI make and break device of the mechanical kind. x

While I prefer to employl` a reci rocating i pin for the production of tlie spar in con- -other mechanical 'arrangements may be used instead of this.

nection with'a magnet for closing the circuit through the coil, Vit is quite evident lthat While I -have shown in Fig. 2 the binding posts held. in vposition andinsulated lwithout the, use of screws,y because screws passing through the binding posts from the' outside are likely to strike the insulated Wire and do damage, I frequently use screws 10 of s ecial shape as seen inFigs. 5 and 6 having eads 11 inside fitted` to 'slots12 cut in the inner Wall of the shell into which the screws sink flush and thus do not interfere 'with the winding while the screw head being rectangular vin cross section as seen in Fig.l 6 prevents the screw from turning When a nut 13-is a'plied on the outside. Fig 5. shows an, en arged section ofthe shell with I. theslot and screw hole.V The `nsulatioiil t *65. A.

alsofshown inFig. 5.

statue While I-have shown this device, as oper- `for the sparking 'circuit because. a large spark is more effective than a small one as'v most automobiliste know. I can, therefore, and frequently do, utilize a second source of current introduced as shown'in Fig.. .7, the wire S shown in Fig. A2 .being not usedin this instance. This additional source of current is indicated by the letter rw in said Fig. 7. With this arrangement, it will be readily seen that when the circuit closer closes the magnet circuit, themagnet closes the sparking circuit and that each is absolutely indef pendent ofthe other.

What I claim as new is zv 1. In a magnetic igniter, a circuit breaker mechanism consisting of a reciprocating pin,

.an electrode carried at one end thereof, an adjustable coacting electrode, an armature contacting said pin intermittently, a spring engaging said armature to Mmove 1t in one direction, an independentspring of less power mounted on the same support as the firstnamed s ring and acting on said pin, and an insulate binding post.:

. 2.V In a magnetic igniter, multiple electric v paths and suitable mechanism embodying a movable part to carry the ignition current,.a light spring7 a heavy spring arranged to forcibly and elastically closethe ignition'circuit under the pull of an armature, but normally free, and an armature arranged: to impart a strong pull against the heavy sprin 3. In a magnetic igniter, multip e circuit paths, one an insulated path for an ignitingv current normally broken, and'mea'ns for closingvsaid path consisting of a`n electric magnet, a movable part to carry the ignition current, a light spring acting on said part, a heavy spring normally free but arranged to forcibly and elastically close the insulated path when attracted by the magnet coil through the medium of an armature, and an armature arranged to impart a strong pull r against the heavy s ring.

4. In an igniting evice, two electric paths and suitable means embodying a movable part, a light spring acting thereon, a heavy sprin normally free but arrangedto forcibly ande astically close Athe circuit under the pull of an armature, and an armature arranged to impart a strong pull against the heavy sprin? ',5. n -an igniting device, a reciprocating circuit breaking rod carrying an F electrode and supported by and carried in an insulated bushing or support, a light spring acting on said rd a hea spring normally free but arranged to forci ly and elastically close the circuit Vunder the pull of an armature, and an armature arranged to impart a strong pull against heavy `spring.

6. In combination with a magnetic igniter, a source of electric current, two electric circuits through the igniter and meansembodying a movable part to carry the ignition current, a light spring acting thereon, a heavy spring arranged toforcibly and elastically close the ignition circuit, and cooperating means, whereby said ignition circuit is made and broken upon the closing ofthe other circuit. v

7. In a magnetic igniter, a movablepart arranged to carry the ignition current, a light spring arranged to move said part into closed circuitposition, a heavy spring normally free but arranged to forcibly and elastically close the circuit under the pull of an armature, an armature arranged `to impart a strong pull .against the heavy spring, a magnet, and suitable binding posts. I

8. In a` magnetic ivniter, a moving sparking part, an insulated support therefor7 a removable core carrying said support, a light spring arranged to set on said moving part,

anindependently movable heavy spring movable from the same center as thefirst# named spring and normally free but arranged to forcibly and elastically close'l the` circuit,

and means cooperating with said parts, as'

and fr thepurpose specified.

9. In an igniting device, multiple electric 'paths forming a magnet and an ignitioncircuit, electrodes one of which is movable,

means to close the magnet circuit and attract its armature, a normally free spring arranged to forcibly and elastically bring the elecennemis n. DURYEA.

Witnesses VE. A. RUTH, Lizzln hmm.

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