US867941A - Garbage-cremator. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTBD OGT. 15,1907.

D. E. BENNETT. GARBAGE CREMATOR APPLICATION FILED JAN. 12, 1906.

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WITNESSES No. 867,941. PATENTED OCT. 15, 1907.

D. B. BENNETT.

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PATENTED OCT. 15, 1907.

D. B. BENNETT.

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UNITED 'STATES PATENTFOFEIGE.

DAVID E. BENNETT, OF NAZARETH, PENNSYLVANIA.

GARBAGE-GREMATOR.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 15, 1907.

Application filed January 12,1906. Serial Ila 295,782.

naces for destroying waste materials, animal carcasses,

night soil, etc.

The objects of my invention are to simplify the construction, improve the efficiency, durability, convenience and economy of such apparatus and particularly to provide means for precipitating and collecting the residual fine ash, soot or dust so that the latter may not be drawn up and discharged from the chimney into the open air, and also to prevent escapement of offensive odors from the furnace.

My invention is comprised in several particulars of novel construction, arrangement, combination and cooperation of parts for the attainment of these ends which will hereinafter be fully described and definitely claimed.

In the drawings. Figure l is a vertical side elevation, partly sectioned on line as a: Fig. 9, of my invention complete. Fig. 2 is a plan view of the same (including plan of inclosing area-wall and paved, cemented and tightly matched roof-flooring broken away) partly sectional, .on line 1' 2: Fig. 1. Figs. 3, 4 and 5 are vertical transverse sectional views respectively on lines y y, 1 v and z 2 Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is an enlarged cross section of a feature of myinvention. Figs. 7 and S are enlarged details of another feature of my invention, and Fig. 9 a further plan view of my invention with the roof-flooring partially broken away, all of which will now be more particularly described in detail.

these cooperating conditions be continued, and,

moreover, the one chimney or stack by this facility for continuous operation is not permitted to become cold; hence primary fuel is not wasted in re-heating the same to secure proper draft.

Another feature of my invention lies in the construction, suitable arrangement and locating of a wator-charged ash. soot or dust precipitating and collecting apparatus.

Other special features are: the auxiliary carcasssupporting grates, comprised of widely separated bars and arranged directly over the fire grates and be neath and if; the vdrtical plane of the carcass opening or chutes and without interposed appliances to obstruct clear space between, whereby a heavy carcass (as of a horse) may be quickly or carelessly thrown in without need of tackle for lowering the same and without danger of breaking the fire grates by its fall, since the former, being specially and strongly con structed, will catch and suspend the carcass above the latter and the fuel and fire thereon, with the result, also, due to wide separation of the grate bars or tubes from each other, and unobstructed space between the same and the fire of the fire grate that incineration and destruction of the carcass is hastened by affording direct uninterrupted and unobstructed greater contact of the heat and flame therewith and ready reduction and combustion of the animal fats the carcass being suspended so that the fire on the fire grates may be readily trimmed, also: a construction and arrangement of fines and damper connections whereby the direction of draft may be reversed throughout the furnace or Blackened and wnereby one or the other of the openings to the chimney must, with.mechanical certainty, at all times be open when the opposite one is closed, thus preventing any liability of choking of the fires and the escapement of offensive gases at crevices about the doors and openings, as results when all drafts of the chimney are cut off as might occur through careless manipulation of dampers without this provision or if made independently operable: an arrangement of carcass and garbage dump openings and closures so as to insure against unnecessary ingress of cold air when the furnace is being charged, thus conserving the heat and insuring uninterrupted, progressive and rapid incineration or destruction of a charge. The mounting of the heavier sliding covers of the dump openings on three wheels so that any warpage of the same from heat will not interfere with their free movement on the tracks, and construction of asolid self-supporting concrete arch over the furnace cells to facilitate the repair and relining of the latter from the inside without disturbance of the former or of the retaining masonry or dividing wall.

Like letters and figures indicate corresponding parts throughout each figure.

A is the outer retaining wall of the furnace which at suitable intervals may be reinforced by tie or retaining bolts a a with one or more at the rounded ends of the furnace.

Bis a stack or chimney at the masonry base of which on thefront and rear sides are damper cells d (1, (having closed tops 7, 7) one at each side, a pair for each furnace, the pairs being divided by the wall 10 w, each cell having an opening 0 o to the chimney and each provided 5 with other openings, one b b from the lower part of the furnace and the other e c from the upper part thereof. eachof these cells a damper e e is hinged or hung for closing either one or the other of the openings 0 o to the chimney, and both dampers are so connected, by a heat resisting bar, f arranged close to one side or w ithin the wall of the chimney base, that when one opening 0 to the chimney is closed the corresponding one 0 on the opposite side will be open, the damper bar f being operated by the connected hand rod g passed through the wall, or otherwise protected against the heat, and projecting from both front and rear sides of the furnace or by any other conveniently connected means.

C is a partition wall, erected immediately beneath the' center of the arch D, dividing the furnace, from the chimney rearward, into two similar cells E, E, which cells unite. at the interior scliii-hemispherical end of the furnace forming a semi-elliptical chamber. Within each of these (connected) cells at the ends near the chimney are fire grates h it supported by strong masonry i 11 forming ash pits j j with an imperforate floor, and at.

about the same level as the fire grates, a sectional garbage floor is I: is erected all the way around with sections thereof at suitable intervals pivotally arranged (see I l) and independently operable, permitting dumpage of the residual incinerated accumulations when cleaning or stoking. This floor k k and ash pit and floor masonry ii divide the f urnacc cells horizontally, about one-third of the height from the. ground, forming at the base 'a sub-superheating chamber G all around immediately beneath the garbage cells and in the floor of which -subsuperheating chamber, on each side of the dividing wall 1 construct cisterns m. m to'be charged with water 111 m for the arrest and deposit of fine ash, soot'or dust, which, when carried by the strong draft, on reaching this point is precipitated by mist and steam which is projected downwardly by the deflector n It as it is generated from water carried by pressure (from a source not shown) and forced from the perforated pipes 17 p in the deflector. To further insure lodgment of dust here, bridge-walls I q may be made use of as shown to oppose the same by reverberation.

l or stoking, cleaning and access to different parts of the furnace, ample, well fitted doors s s are provided on the several sides and covers 7, 7, to the damper cells.

Immediately above the fire grates h h without interposed appliances to obstruct the clear space between in the vertical plane of the carcass dump openings H H,

l erect auxiliary carcass suspending grates I I, with the bars thereof well separated from each other which may be constructed in any suitably substantial manner but which I prefer to construct as follows-Strong tubes (see Fig. (i) t t protected exteriorly by fire-resisting covcrings u, n, 1:, are arranged transversely through the eutefwalls of the furnace across the respective cells, E, E, with their inner ends entered into the dividing wall G and connecting with an air passage J 'therein opening to the chimney. Within these tubes pipes in 11 (preferably hydraulic pipes) pass entirely through from outisde to outside of the furnace for water circulation (supplied from source not shown) and aresupportcd centrally in the tubes by star rings 1', r, or otherwise to provide air circulation between and connection with the air flue J and the stack B. In the preferably concrete made arch K (see Figs. 1 3 and 9) I elect to lay reinforcing or binder rods 3, 3, curving them as seen in dot-- ted lines in Fig. E). Through the roof-floor and top of the furnace 0. each side of the division wall I arrange garbage dump holes 4, 4, preferably with sliding covers, but nearest the chimney the carcass dump holes 11 H are located and are,preferal;-ly also arranged with sliding covers, and located directly in the vertical plane of both the auxiliary grates 1, l, and the fire grates h, h, and without interposed appliances to obstruct the clear space between for the express purposes hereinafter shown. The sliding covers 1., L, to these dump holes when heavy, as in the case of the carcass dump holes, I mount on three wheels, 5, 5, 5, for the purpose hereinbefore explained.

The garbage dump holes are so disposed in pairs and the sliding covers thereof in each pair so proportioned that but one hole of a pair can be wholly uncovered or opened at one time by reason of one cover interfering with the movement of the other. By this means the usual carelessness which results in leaving open more holes than necessary is overcome and thus excessive ingress of cold air is prevented when charging the cells of the furnace, and by arranging some of tliese garbage dump holes in close proximity to the carcass dump holes also, will, when the'latter are being charged, necessitate the workmen to keep the former closed for personal safety sake, thus further insuring against the same undesirable conditions, namely, excessive ingress of cold air which if allowed to enter would immediately reduce the temperature of the furnace, check the chimney draft and cause smoke and offensive unconsumed gases to be discharged-from the crevices, doors and chimney of the furnace and arrest progress of garbage incineration. To the same end the provision of the auxiliary carcass catching and supporting grates, I, I, by facilitating the instant dropping of a carcass into the furnace overcomes the heretofore necessity of keeping the carcass dump holes open for'too long a period of time, as happens when as heretofore carcasses have had to be lowered by mechanical appliances.

All parts of the furnace exposed to high heat are protected by fire resisting linings 6, 6, (3.

The right hand half of Figs. 1, 2 and 9 shown in full is a duplicate'furnace constructed precisely similar to that hereinabove described, which together constitute the dual form referred to. In some cases this dual form may not be employed. In some cases the fire grates h h may be supplanted by gas or oil burners.

Having been constructed and arranged as described, the operation of my improved garbage cremator is as followsz-Fires are kindled on each of the grates h h care being taken of course'to have all garbage dump holes 4, 4, and all carcass dump holes H closed (the latter in Fig.1 being shown open). Now, the dampers being in the position shown in Figs. '1 and 4, the flame and heat will be drawn in the direction shown by the arrows and heavy fulland dotted lines seen in these figures, which is to say; starting from the grate h in the front side cell the draft (follow full line) will be toward the left hand from the chimney, passing around the end of the dividing wall C returning (follow extended dotted line) toward the chimney over the fire on the opposite grate through the'cell E and down the damper cell d on the further side, through the opening b and away from the chimney again, through the sub-superheating chamber G on the further side, around the end of the dividing wall 0 returning (follow full line) through the sub-superheating chamber G on the front side,

through the opening b and up the damper cell d on the front side and thence through the opening 0 up the chimney B (follow dotted line). The furnace then will soon become heated to a high degree throughout. Garbage and refuse may then be dumped upon the garbage fioor k through the holes 4, 4, and carcasses may be thrown in through the holes H upon the widely separated bars forming the auxiliary or carcass-supporting grates I, I, incineration and destruction of which carcass will be rapidly accomplished by reason of the direct and unobstructed contact of flame from the furnace fire therewith, and, as will now be understood, in the progress of destruction the vapors, ashes and dust are drawn with the flame first over the fire on the grate h on the rear side where they are further consumed and then beneath the deflector n and steam spraying pipe 7; over the water (m charged cistern m on the rear side where the dust, soot and ash are partially precipitated and collected by the latter, then around to the corresponding device on the front side where further or complete precipitation and collection of the remainder is accomplished. In passing each of these water charged cisterns the unconsumed gases and yapors are united with fresh supplies of oxygen from the water and steam and complete combustion thus insured In' some cases these water charged cisterns and steam spraying devices may be dispensed with;

The charge upon the garbage floor Is it will'be seen is subject to intense heat above and below and speedily incinerated and consumed. It will be seen also that by simply pushing the damper operating rod 9 to the opposite side the direction of draft through the cells E,

E, and sub-snperheating chamber G, G, may instantly I be reversed throughout.

Water circulating through the hydraulic pipes w w and air passing between these pipes and outer tubes t, t,

from the exterior to the passage J and stack B keep the well separated bars of the auxiliary grates cooled so as not to be destroyed by the heat. Incidentally, also, the air passage .l provides a modicum of fresh oxygen to the stack B aiding in final combustion and destruction of any remaining consumable gases that may have reached this point.

I have found that an auxiliary or carcass-supporting grate to be of any real service must not have its bars arranged in close proximity to each other, for the reason that the carcass in such case chars and becomes caked upon the same, choking the air-passages between the bars and interfering with proper flame contact, hence I have devised the widely spaced bars for this auxiliary grate, and by such a construction, since, it ordinary garbage were to be thrown in it would pass between these bars, and, falling upon the fire grates below, choke the fire, the operator of the furnace will not be inclined to dump anything but carcasses through the separate carcass dump openings H H.

Access to the damper cells for cleaning, repair, etc. is by means of the covers 7, 7.

I am aware that a furnace fire grate, a superimposed grate and an opening for the deposit of garbage upon the latter, have been arranged in a common vertical plane, one type thereof constructed so that the bars composing the superimposed grates lie longitudinally in close contact, so as to deflect the flame from the furnace grate fires, and cause the same to pass around such and prevent the same from coming into direct access and contact with a carcass if deposited upon the superimposed grate. I am not aware, however, of any construction or arrangement in the class of crematory furnaces described, wherein thecommon vertical plane in which I locate the carcass dump hole, the carcass supporting grate and the furnace fire grate, has been, as in my present improvement, left unobstructed by other structural devices.

Having described my invention and themanner of its construction and operation, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a cremator of the class described, in combination. one or more arched furnaces each having two connected garbage cells; a central partition wall longitudinally between said garbage'cells and beneath the apex of the arch; a horizontal sectional garbage floor and an ash pit floor; a sub-snperheating chamber below said garbage floor and said ash pit floor; dust collecting cisterns and spraying and dust deflecting devices located within said sub-superheatin'g chamber; a fire-grate; a carcass supporting grate with widely separated bars arranged in the vertical plane of the said fire grate; damper cells respectively having openings to the chimney, to said garbage cells, and to the sub-superheating chamber, and manually operable bar-connected, simultaneously reverse acting, draft reversing and regulating dampers arranged in said damper cells.

2. In a cremator of the class described, in combination, one or more arched furnaces each having two connected garbage cells; a central partition wall longitudinally between said garbage cells and beneath the apex of the arch: a horizontal sectional garbage floor and ash pit floor; a sub superheating chamber below said garbage floor and said ash pit floor; dust collecting cisterns and spraying and dust deflecting devices located within said sub-superheating chamber; a fire grate; damper cells respectively having openings to the chimney, to said garbage cells, and

to the sub-superheating chambers, and connected, simultaneously reverse acting, draft reversing and regulating dampers arranged in said damper cells.

3. In a cremator of the class described, in combination. one or more arched furnaces eaclrhaving two connected garbage cells; a central partition wall longitudinally between said garbage cells and beneath the apex of the arch a horizontal sectional garbage floor and ash pit floor; a sub-superheating chamber below said garbage floor and said ash pit floor; dust collecting cisterns and spraying and dust deflecting devices located within said sub-superheating chamber; a fire grate; a tubular carcass-support ing grate with widely separated tubular bars arranged in the vertical plane of the said fire grate; damper cells respectively having openings to the chimney, to said garbags" cells, and to the sub-superheating chamber, and connected, simultaneously reverse acting, draft reversing and regulating dampers arranged in said damper cells.

4. In a crcmator of the class described, in combination, one or more furnaces each having two connected garbag cells; a partition wall between said garbage cells and beneath the longitudinal center of the top thereof; a horizontal sectional garbage floor and an ash pit floor; a subsuperheating chamber below said garbage floor and said ash pit floor; dust collecting cisterns and spraying and dust deflecting devices located within said sub-superheating chamber; a fire grate; a carcass supporting grate with widely separated bars arranged in the vertical plane of the said fire grate; damper cells respectively having openings to the chimney, to said garbage cells, and to the subsuperheating chamber, and connected, simultaneously reverse acting, draft reversing and regulating dampers arranged in said damper cells.

5. In a cremator of the class described, in combination, one or more furnaces each having two connected garbage cells; a partition wall between said garbage cells and beneath the longitudinal center of the top thereof; a horizontal sectional garbage floor and ash pit floor; a subsuperheating chamber below said garbage floor and said ash pit floor; dust collecting cisterns and spraying and dust deflecting devices located within said sub-su 'aerheating chamber; a fire grate; damper cells respectively having openings to the chimney, sub-superheating chamber, and connected, simultaneously reverse acting, draft reversing and regulating dampers arranged in said damper cells.

6. In a cremator of the class described, in combination, one or more furnaces each having two connected garbage cells; a partition wall between said garbage cells and beneath the longitudinal center of the top thereof; a horizontal sectional garbage floor and ash pit floor; a subsuperheating chamber below said garbage floor and said ash pit floor; dust collecting cisterns and spraying and dust deflecting devices located within said sub'superheating chamber; a fire grate; a tubular carcass supporting grate with widely separated tubular bars arranged in the ver: tical plane of the said fire grate; damper cells respectively having openings to the chimney, to said garbage cells, and

to said garbage cells, and to the to the sulrsuperheating chamber, and connected, simultaneously reverse acting, draft reversing and regulating dampers arranged in said damper cells.

7. In a semi-elliptical cremator furnace of the class described, in combination, two connected garbage cells respectively having a carcass supporting grate with widely separated air conveying tubular bars; a partition 'wall between said garbage cells and beneath the longitudinal center of the top of the furnace; a flue in the said partition wall connecting with the inner ends of said tubular grate bars and with a chimney, and water circulating pipes arranged axially through said tubular grate bars from out side to outside of the furnace.

8. In a semi-elliptical cremator of the class described, in combination, two connected garbage cells respectively having a carcass supporting grate with widely separated air conveying tubular bars; a partition wall between said garbage cells and beneath the longitudinal center of the top of the furnace, and a flue in the said partition wall connecting with the inner ends of said tubular grate bars and with a chimney.

9. In an arched semi-elliptical cremator furnace of the class described, in combination, two connected garbage cells respectively having a carcass supporting grate with widely separated air conveying tubular bars; a partition wall between said garbage cells and beneath the apex of the arch; a flue in the partition wall connecting with the inner ends of said tubular grate bars and with a chimney,

and water circulating pipes arrangedaxially through said tubular grate bars from outside to outside of the furnace.

10. In an arched semi-elliptical-crematorfurnace of the class described, in combination, two connected garbage cells respectively having a carcass supporting grate with widely separated air conveying tubular bars; a partition wall between said garbage cells and beneath the apex of the arch, and a flue in the partition wall connecting with the inner ends of said tubular grate bars and with a chimney.

11. In a cremator of the class described, in combination, one or more arched furnaces, each having two connected garbage cells; a central partition wall longitudinally between said garbage cells and beneath the apex of the arch; a horizontal sectional garbage floor and an ash pit floor; a sub-snperheating chamber below said garbage floor, and said ash pit floor; a tire grate; a carcass supporting grate with widely separated bars arranged in the vertical plane of the said fire-grate; damper cells respectively having openings to the chimney, to said garbage cells, and to the sub-superheating chamber, and simultaneously reverse act ing, draft reversing and regulating dampers arranged in said cells.

12. In a cremator of the class described, in combination, one or more arched furnaces each having two connected garbage cells; a central partition wall longitudinally between said garbage cells and beneath the apex of the arch; a horizontal sectional garbage floor and ash-pit floor; a sub-superheating chamber below said garbage floor, and said ash pit floor; a tire-grate; damper cells respectively having openings to the chimney, to said garbage cells, and to the sub-superheating chambers, and simultaneously reverse acting, draft reversing and regulating dampers arranged in said damper cells.

13. In a cremator of the class described, in combination, one or more arched furnaces, each having two connected garbage cells; a central partition wall longitudinally between said garbage cells and beneath the apex of the arch; a horizontal sectional garbage lloor and ash pit floor; a sub-superheating chamber below said garbage floor and said ash pit floor; a lire-grate; a tubular carcass-supporting grate with widely separated tubular bars arranged in the vertical plane of said lire-grate; damper cells respectively having openings to the chimney, to said garbage cells, and to the sub-superheating chamber, and verse acting, draft reversing and regulating dampers arranged in said damper cells.

In testimony whereof I allix my signature, in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

DAVID E. BENNETT.

Witnesses 1:. F. BARI', Jonx W. Savrry.

simultaneously re-

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