US8674068B2

US8674068B2 - Peptide capable for binding to gold

Info

Publication number: US8674068B2
Application number: US13/829,220
Authority: US
Inventors: Kazuaki Nishio
Original assignee: Panasonic Corp
Current assignee: Panasonic Corp
Priority date: 2012-03-26
Filing date: 2013-03-14
Publication date: 2014-03-18
Anticipated expiration: 2033-03-14
Also published as: US20130253169A1; JP2013227281A; JP5975223B2

Abstract

The present invention provides a novel peptide capable for binding to gold. The peptide consists of an amino acid sequence represented by SQMMGHMGHGNMNHMNHGGKFDFHH (SEQ ID NO: 01).

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-069303 filed Mar. 26, 2012, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Technical Field

The present invention relates to a peptide capable for binding to gold.

2. Description of Related Art

Patent Literature 1 and Non Patent Literature 1 disclose a peptide capable for binding to gold.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

[Patent Literature 1] U.S. Pat. No. 6,239,255

Non Patent Literature

[Non Patent Literature 1] Stanley Brown, “Metal-recognition by repeating polypeptides”, Nature Biotechnology, Vol. 3 pp 269-272 (1997)

SUMMARY Technical Problem

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel peptide capable for binding to gold.

Solution to Problem

The present invention is a peptide capable for binding a gold, wherein

the peptide consists of an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 01.

The present invention is a method for binding a peptide to gold, the method comprising steps of:

mixing the gold with a solution containing the peptide consisting of an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 01 so as to bind the peptide represented by an amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 01 to the gold.

Advantageous Effects of Invention

The present invention provides a novel peptide capable for binding to gold.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a photograph showing the results of the experiment 1.

FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a two-component composite 105 of avidin 103 and biotin-PEG12 (reference number: 104) according to the comparative example 2-1 and the comparative example 2-2, which are included in the experiment 2.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic view of a composite 108 of avidin 106 and biotin-PEG12-peptide 107 according to the example 2-1 and the example 2-2, which are included in the experiment 2.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a three-component composite 111 of gold nanoparticle, avidin 106, and biotin-PEG12-peptide 107 according to the example 2-1 and the example 2-2, which are included in the experiment 2.

FIG. 5 is an electrophoretic photograph showing the results of the experiment 2.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The embodiment of the present invention is described below.

The present inventor has discovered that the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SQMMGHMGHGNMNHMNHGGKFDFHH (SEQ ID NO: 01) recognizes gold. The present invention is provided on the basis of this discovery.

The peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 01 is derived from the amino acid sequence of the 382^ndto the 406^thamino acids of CueO. The term “CueO” means a multi-copper oxidase of Escherichia coli K-12 strain.

EXPERIMENT

The following experiments describe the present invention in more detail.

Experiment 1

The experiment 1 is comprised of the example 1-1, the example 1-2, the comparative example 1-1, the comparative example 1-2, the comparative example 1-3, and the comparative example 1-4.

In the experiment 1, the following chemical reagents were prepared.

- Biotin-PEG12-peptide solution
- Biotin-PEG12 solution
- Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution
- Acetate buffer
- Gold nanoparticle dispersion

A detailed method for preparing these chemical reagents is described below.

Preparation of a Biotin-PEG12-Peptide Solution

The present inventor requested synthesis of a compound represented by the following formula (I) (hereinafter, referred to as “biotin-PEG12-peptide”) from Sigma Aldrich Japan Co., Ltd. A solid-phase synthesis method was used for the synthesis of the biotin-PEG12-peptide.

	[Chem 01]
	(SEQ ID NO: 01)
	Biotin-PEG12-SQMMGHMGHGNMNHMNHGGKFDFHH (I)

The biotin-PEG12-peptide prepared by Sigma Aldrich Japan Co., Ltd. had a purity of 96.2%.

In the biotin-PEG12-peptide, as is clear from the formula (I), the N-terminal of the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 01 is chemically modified with biotin-polyethylene glycol.

The method for modifying the N-terminal of the peptide with biotin-polyethylene glycol is well known. As one example, EZ-Link NHS-PEG12-biotin (available from Thermo Fisher Scientific Corporation) may be used.

The EZ-Link NHS-PEG12-biotin has the following chemical formula (II).

The term “NHS” means N-hydroxysuccinimide. NHS binds to an active ester group. When a peptide is added, the ester group activated by NHS reacts immediately with an NH₂group located at the N terminal of the peptide or the side-chain of a lysine residue to form an amide bond.

The term “PEG” means polyethylene glycol. In more detail, PEG is represented by the following chemical formula (III).
—(—CH₂—CH₂—O)n— (III)
where n is a natural number.

It is desirable that the value of n is not less than 1 and not more than 20. The term “PEG12” means that the PEG where is n=12.

It is believed that the non-specific interaction between two molecules coupled through polyethylene glycol is prevented by the polyethylene glycol. In other words, it is believed that such a polyethylene glycol suppresses the non-specific interaction between two biological molecules chemically bonded to the both ends of the polyethylene glycol. This is because the two molecules are located far away from each other due to the polyethylene glycol interposed between the two molecules, as is clear from the chemical formula (II). For more detail, see Non Patent Literature 2, if necessary.

[Non Patent Literature 2] George et. al., “Effect of Surface Wettability on the Adsorption of Proteins and Detergents”, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 120, pp 3464-3473 (1998)

Therefore, in the chemical formula (I), the biotin molecule and the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 01 does not interact with each other due to PEG12.

Preparation of the Biotin-PEG12-Peptide Solution

Biotin-PEG12-peptide obtained from Sigma Aldrich Japan Co., Ltd. was dissolved with ultrapure water to prepare a biotin-PEG12-peptide solution having a concentration of 0.1 mM. The prepared biotin-PEG12-peptide solution was kept under a temperature of −30 degrees Celsius.

Preparation of the Biotin-PEG12 Solution

EZ-Link NHS-PEG12-Biotin (available from Thermo Fisher Scientific company) was dissolved with dimethylsulfoxide to prepare an EZ-Link NHS-PEG12-Biotin solution having a concentration of 10 mM.

Then, chemical reagents shown in Table 1 were mixed. The mixture liquid was left under a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius for one hour.

TABLE 1

	Volume
Chemical reagent	(unit: microliter)

10 mM NHS-PEG12-Biotin	20
1M Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 8)	20
Ultrapure water	160

In this way, the biotin-PEG12 solution having a concentration of 1 mM was prepared. This biotin-PEG12 solution was diluted with water to prepare the biotin-PEG12 solution having a concentration of 0.1 mM.

Preparation of the Tris Hydrochloric Acid Buffer Solution

Hydrochloric acid was added in Tris buffer solutions to prepare the following four kinds of Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solutions shown in Table 2.

	TABLE 2

	1M Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 8)
	100 mM Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 8)
	10 mM Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 8)
	1M Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 6.8)

Preparation of the Acetate Buffer

Sodium hydroxide was added to acetic acid aqueous solutions to prepare two kinds of acetate buffer solutions shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

	100 mM acetate buffer (pH: 5.5)
	10 mM acetate buffer (pH: 5.5)

Preparation of the Gold Nanoparticle Dispersion

Chemical reagents shown in Table 4 were mixed to prepare a gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid. The gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid had a pH of 8.

TABLE 4

	Volume
	(unit:	Available from
Solution	milliliter)	(trade name)

Gold nanoparticle	4.4	BBInternational company
dispersion liquid		(Gold Colloid 20 nanometers)
(diameter: 20 nm)
1M Tris hydrochloric	0.045	(See Table 2)
acid buffer solution
(pH: 8)
10% polyoxyethylene	0.045	Affymetrix company
(20) sorbitan		(ANAPOE - 20)
monolaurate

Similarly, chemical reagents shown in Table 5 were mixed to prepare a gold nanoparticle dispersion. The gold nanoparticle dispersion had a pH of 5.5.

TABLE 5

	Volume
	(unit:	Available
Solution	milliliter)	(trade name)

Gold nanoparticle	4.0	BBInternational company
dispersion liquid		(Gold Colloid 20 nanometers)
(diameter: 20 nm)
1M acetate buffer	0.45	(See Table 2)
solution (pH: 5.5)
10% polyoxyethylene	0.045	Affymetrix company
(20) sorbitan		(ANAPOE - 20)
monolaurate

Example 1-1

Chemical reagents shown in Table 6 were mixed into a plastics tubing having a capacity of 1.5 mL. Subsequently, the mixture liquid was left under a temperature of 23 degrees Celsius for 12 hours.

TABLE 6

	Gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid (pH: 8, 0.99 milliliters)
	0.1 mM biotin-PEG12-peptide (0.01 milliliter)

The plastics tube was equipped with a centrifuge. The plastics tube was subjected to a centrifugation at an rpm of 1,000×g for one minute. After the centrifugation, an image of the plastics tube was photographed with a flatbed scanner (available from Canon Corporation, trade name: CanoScan D2400U). FIG. 1 shows the results of the scanning.

Example 1-2

The experiment similar to the example 1-1 was conducted, except that chemical reagents shown in Table 7 were mixed instead of the chemical reagents shown in Table 6. The result is shown in FIG. 1.

TABLE 7

	Gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid (pH: 5.5, 0.99 milliliters)
	0.1 mM biotin-PEG12-peptide (0.01 milliliter)

Comparative Example 1-1

The experiment similar to the example 1-1 was conducted, except that chemical reagents shown in Table 8 were mixed instead of the chemical reagents shown in Table 6. The result is shown in FIG. 1.

TABLE 8

	Gold nanoparticle dispersion (pH: 8, 0.99 milliliters)
	Ultrapure water (0.01 milliliter)

Comparative Example 1-2

The experiment similar to the example 1-1 was conducted, except that chemical reagents shown in Table 9 were mixed instead of the chemical reagents shown in Table 6. The result is shown in FIG. 1.

TABLE 9

	Gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid (pH: 5.5, 0.99 milliliters)
	Ultrapure water (0.01 milliliter)

Comparative Example 1-3

The experiment similar to the example 1-1 was conducted, except that chemical reagents shown in Table 10 were mixed instead of the chemical reagents shown in Table 6. The result is shown in FIG. 1.

TABLE 10

	Gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid (pH: 8, 0.99 milliliters)
	0.1 mM biotin-PEG12 solution (0.01 milliliter)

Comparative Example 1-4

The experiment similar to the example 1-1 was conducted, except that chemical reagents shown in Table 11 were mixed instead of the chemical reagents shown in Table 6. The result is shown in FIG. 1.

TABLE 11

	Gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid (pH: 5.5, 0.99 milliliters)
	0.1 mM biotin-PEG12 solution (0.01 milliliter)

The aqueous solution where gold nanoparticles are dispersed is reddish brown. However, if the gold nanoparticles are aggregated, the aqueous solution becomes colorless.

In the comparative example 1-1 and the comparative example 1-2, the aqueous solutions remained reddish brown, even after the resultant aqueous solutions were left for 12 hours.

Similarly, in the comparative example 1-3 and the comparative example 1-4, the aqueous solutions remained reddish brown, even after the resultant aqueous solutions were left for 12 hours.

On the contrary, in the example 1-1 and example 1-2, the resultant aqueous solution became colorless after 12 hours passed. Furthermore, the aqueous solutions contained a

precipitation

101 and 102.

As is clear from these results, it was found that the biotin-PEG12-peptide bound to the gold nanoparticle to form an aggregate (i.e., precipitate). Since the biotin and the peptide do not interact with each other due to PEG12 (see the above-mentioned description of the chemical formula (II)), it was found that the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 01 is capable for binding to gold. In other words, it was found that the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 01 recognizes gold.

Experiment 2

The experiment 2 is comprised of the example 2-1, the example 2-2, the comparative example 2-1, and the comparative example 2-2.

In the experiment 2, a pull-down method was performed. The pull-down method according to the experiment 2 is easily described below.

In the pull-down method according to the experiment 2, three-component composite of avidin, biotin-PEG12-peptide, and a gold nanoparticle is formed in an aqueous solution. After the aqueous solution containing the three-component composite is subjected to a centrifugal separation, three-component composite are not collected as a supernatant. In other words, three-component composite is left in the aqueous solution as a precipitation (i.e., residue). Subsequently, the three-component composite is decomposed by heat treatment, and the solution is subjected to an electrophoresis. After the electrophoresis, a band of the subunit monomer of the avidin is observed.

On the other hand, two-component composite of avidin and biotin-PEG12 is not bound to a gold nanoparticle. After an aqueous solution containing the two-component composite is subjected to a centrifugal separation, the two-component composite is eliminated as a supernatant. After the aqueous solution is heated, the aqueous solution is subjected to an electrophoresis. However, since the avidin has been eliminated as one chemical component contained in the supernatant, a band of the subunit monomer of the avidin is not observed.

In the experiment 2, the following solutions were prepared.

Avidin Aqueous Solution

Two-component composite aqueous solution of avidin and biotin-PEG12 (See FIG. 2)

Composite aqueous solution of avidin and biotin-PEG12-peptide (See FIG. 3)

Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate aqueous solution

Buffer solution containing polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate

Sodium dodecylsulfate solution

Glycerol solution

Aqueous solution for an electrophoresis using a denaturing polyacrylamide gel

Gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid

A detailed method for preparing these chemical reagents is described below.

Preparation of the Avidin Aqueous Solution

Avidin (Available from Thermo Fisher Scientific company, trade name: NeutrAvidin, 10 milligrams) was dissolved with ultrapure water to prepare 10 milligram/milliliter of an avidin aqueous solution. In FIG. 2, the avidin has a reference sign 103.

Preparation of Two-Component Composite of Avidin and Biotin-PEG12

The chemical reagents shown in the following Table 12 were mixed. In FIG. 2, the biotin-PEG12 has a reference sign 104. The mixture was left under a temperature of 23 degrees Celsius for two hours.

TABLE 12

	Volume
Chemical reagent	(unit: microliter)

10 mg/mL of avidin	50
1M Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 8)	5
Ultrapure water	95
0.1 mM biotin-PEG12 (See the experiment 1)	350

Subsequently, the mixture (500 microliters) was filtrated using a centrifugal ultrafiltration unit (available from Merck Ltd., trade name: Amicon Ultra-0.5, MWCO: 30,000) to obtain a residue. The centrifugal separation was performed under a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius at an rpm of 10,000×g for 20 minutes. In this way, the mixture was concentrated to obtain a concentrated liquid of approximately 50 microliters.

A Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 8, 450 microliters) having a concentration of 10 mM were mixed to the concentrated liquid. The concentrated liquid was subjected to a centrifugal separation under the same conditions as above again to obtain a concentrated liquid of approximately 50 microliters again. This was repeated once again.

The concentrated liquid was diluted with the Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH:8) having a concentration of 10 mM to obtain an aqueous solution containing a two-component composite of avidin and biotin-PEG12. This aqueous solution had a volume of 500 microliter. In FIG. 2, two-component composite of avidin and biotin-PEG12 have a reference sign 105.

Preparation of Composite of Avidin and Biotin-PEG12-Peptide

The procedure similarly to that of the preparation of two-component composite of avidin and biotin-PEG12 was conducted, except that the chemical reagents shown in the following Table 13 were mixed instead of the chemical reagents shown in Table 12, so as to prepare an aqueous solution containing a composite of avidin and biotin-PEG 12-peptide.

TABLE 13

	Volume
Chemical reagent	(unit: microliter)

10 mg/mL of avidin	50
1M Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 8)	5
Ultrapure water	95
0.1 mM biotin-PEG12-peptide (See the experiment 1)	350

In FIG. 3, the avidin has a reference sign 106. The biotin-PEG12-peptide has a reference number 107. The composite has a reference number 108.

Preparation of Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monolaurate Aqueous Solutions

An aqueous solution of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (available from Affymetrix company, trade name: ANAPOE-20) having a concentration of 10 percent by weight was diluted with ultrapure water to prepare an aqueous solution of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate having a concentration of 1 percent by weight. Similarly, an aqueous solution of polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate having a concentration of 0.1 percent by weight was prepared. Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate may be used as a surfactant.

Preparation of the Buffer Solution Containing Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monolaurate

The four kinds of buffer solutions shown in Table 14 were prepared.

TABLE 14

Buffer solution

	10 mM Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 8) containing
	0.1% by weight polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate
	10 mM Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 8) containing
	0.2% by weight polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate
	10 mM acetate buffer (pH: 5.5) containing 0.1% by weight
	polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate
	10 mM acetate buffer (pH: 5.5) containing 0.2% by weight
	polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate

Preparation of the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Aqueous Solution

Sodium dodecyl sulfate (available from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.) was dissolved with ultrapure water to prepare a sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution having a concentration of 10% by weight.

Preparation of the Glycerol Aqueous Solution

Glycerol (available from Life Technologies Corporation) was dissolved with ultrapure water to prepare a glycerol aqueous solution having a concentration of 50% by weight.

Preparation of an Aqueous Solution for an Electrophoresis Using a Denaturing Polyacrylamide Gel

The chemical reagents shown in the following Table 15 were mixed to prepare an aqueous solution. Furthermore, approximately 1 milligram of bromophenol blue (powder) was added to the aqueous solution. Subsequently, the aqueous solution was stirred well. In this way, prepared was the aqueous solution for an electrophoresis using a denaturing polyacrylamide gel.

TABLE 15

Solution	Volume

1M Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 6.8)	0.55	milliliters
50% by weight glycerol solution	3.6	milliliters
2-mercaptoethanol	0.5	milliliters
10% by weight sodium dodecyl sulfate	4	milliliters
Ultrapure water	1.35	milliliters

Preparation of the Gold Nanoparticle Dispersion

A dispersion liquid of the gold nanoparticles having a diameter of 20 nanometers (available from BBInternational company, trade name: Gold Colloid 20 nm, 12 milliliters) was mixed with a 10% aqueous solution (0.12 milliliters) of the polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate.

The mixture was subjected to a centrifugal separation under a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius at an rpm of 210,000×g for 20 minutes. The supernatant was eliminated. In this way, the mixture was concentrated.

A 0.1% by weight polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate aqueous solution was added to the mixture to obtain the gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid having a volume of 0.6 milliliters.

Example 2-1

The chemical reagents shown in the following Table 16 were mixed. The mixture was left under a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius for ten minutes.

TABLE 16

	Volume
Chemical reagent	(unit: microliter)

10 mM Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 8)	15
10 mM Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH: 8)	25
containing 0.2% by weight of polyoxyethylene (20)
sorbitan monolaurate
Gold nanoparticle dispersion	50
Composite aqueous solution of	10
avidin and biotin-PEG12-peptide

In FIG. 4, the gold nanoparticles have a reference sign 109. The composite of Avidin and biotin-PEG12-peptide have a reference sign 110. The three-component composite of the gold nanoparticles, avidin, and biotin-PEG12-peptide have a reference sign 111. The subunit monomer of the avidin obtained by heating the avidin has a reference sign 112. The biotin-PEG12-peptide after the heating has a reference sign 113.

The mixture was subjected to a centrifugal separation under a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius at an rpm of 190,000×g for five minutes. Subsequently, the supernatant was removed to eliminate the unreacted biotin-PEG12-peptide. In this way, a liquid mixture was concentrated to obtain a concentrated liquid (i.e., residue) having a volume of 10 microliters.

Then, the Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH:8, 10 mM, 200 microliters) containing 0.1% by weight polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate was added to the concentrated liquid. Subsequently, the concentrated liquid was subjected to a centrifugal separation again under the above-mentioned condition to remove the supernatant. In this way, a concentrated liquid (i.e., residue) having a volume of 10 microliters was obtained.

The Tris hydrochloric acid buffer solution (pH:8, 10 mM, 200 microliters) containing 0.1% by weight polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate was added to the concentrated liquid again. Subsequently, the concentrated liquid was subjected to a centrifugal separation again under the above-mentioned condition to remove the supernatant. In this way, a concentrated liquid (i.e., residue) having a volume of 10 microliters was obtained again. This concentrated liquid was reddish brown. Since a gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid is reddish brown, it was confirmed by the naked eyes that the obtained concentrated liquid (i.e., residue) contained gold nanoparticles.

The aqueous solution for an electrophoresis using a denaturing polyacrylamide gel was added to the concentrated gold particle dispersion liquid. The volume of the aqueous solution was 20 microliters.

Subsequently, an ultrasonic wave was applied to the aqueous solution using an ultrasonic wave washer (available from AS ONE Corporation, trade name: USK-1A, configuration: High).

The concentrated gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid was poured into a plastics tubing having a volume of 1.5 milliliters. Subsequently, the concentrated gold nanoparticle dispersion was heated under a temperature of 98 degrees Celsius for ten minutes to decompose the avidin molecule to avidin subunit monomers.

After the heating, the plastics tube was subjected to a centrifugal separation at an rpm of 10,000×g for one minute. In this way, a sample solution according to the example 1-1 was obtained.

Experiment 2-2

The chemical reagents shown in the following Table 17 were mixed. The mixture was left under a temperature of 25 degrees Celsius for ten minutes.

TABLE 17

	Volume
Chemical reagent	(Unit: microliter)

10 mM acetate buffer solution (pH: 5.5)	15
10 mM acetate buffer solution (pH: 5.5)	25
containing 0.2% by weight of polyoxyethylene (20)
sorbitan monolaurate
Gold nanoparticle dispersion	50
Composite aqueous solution of avidin and	10
biotin-PEG12-peptide

Then, the acetate buffer solution (pH: 5.5, 10 mM, 200 microliters) containing 0.1% by weight polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate was added to the concentrated liquid. Subsequently, the concentrated liquid was subjected to a centrifugal separation again under the above-mentioned condition to remove the supernatant. In this way, a concentrated liquid (i.e., residue) having a volume of 10 microliters was obtained.

The acetate buffer solution (pH: 5.5, 10 mM, 200 microliters) containing 0.1% by weight polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate was added to the concentrated liquid again. Subsequently, the concentrated liquid was subjected to a centrifugal separation again under the above-mentioned condition to remove the supernatant. In this way, a concentrated liquid (i.e., residue) having a volume of 10 microliters was obtained again. This concentrated liquid was reddish brown. Since a gold nanoparticle dispersion liquid is reddish brown, it was confirmed by the naked eyes that the obtained concentrated liquid (i.e., residue) contained gold nanoparticles.

After the heating, the plastics tube was subjected to a centrifugal separation at an rpm of 10,000×g for one minute. In this way, a sample solution according to the example 1-2 was obtained.

Comparative Example 2-1

The procedure similarly to that of the example 2-1 was conducted, except that the biotin-PEG12 was used instead of the biotin-PEG12-peptide. In this way, a sample solution according to the comparative example 2-1 was obtained.

Comparative example 2-2

The procedure similarly to that of the example 2-2 was conducted, except that the biotin-PEG12 was used instead of the biotin-PEG12-peptide. In this way, a sample solution according to the comparative example 2-2 was obtained.

Electrophoresis in the Experiment 2

These four kinds of sample solutions according to the example 2-1, the example 2-2, the comparative example 2-1, and the comparative example 2-2 were subjected to electrophoresis. The detail of the electrophoresis is described below.

A polyacrylamide gel (pre-cast gel, available from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., trade name: 12% Mini-PROTEAN TGX) was equipped to an electrophoresis tank. As an electrophoretic buffer, a pre-mixed buffer (available from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., trade name: premix buffer 10× Tris/glycine/SDS) was diluted ten times with extrapure water. This diluted solution was poured to the electrophoresis tank.

The four sample solutions (for each 15 microliters) according to the example 2-1, the example 2-2, the comparative example 2-1, and the comparative example 2-2 were added to the wells provided at the top of the polyacrylamide gel.

A benchmark protein ladder (available from Life Technologies Corporation, 5 microliters) was added the well provided at the top of the polyacrylamide gel as a molecular weight marker.

The electrophoresis was performed under a constant voltage of 150 volts.

When the Bromophenol Blue contained in the aqueous solution was moved by the electrophoresis to the neighborhood of the bottom of the polyacrylamide gel, the electrophoresis was stopped. Subsequently, a CBB stain was performed with a CBB stain kit (available from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., trade name: R-250 stain & destain kit).

The image of the stained polyacrylamide gel was read with a flatbed scanner (Available from CANON. Inc., trade name: CanoScan D2400U). The band of the subunit monomer of the avidin was quantified using image processing software ImageJ (available from National Institutes of Health) on the basis of the read image.

FIG. 5 shows the electrophoretic results.

As shown in FIG. 5, a clear band was observed in the example 2-1 and the example 2-2. On the other hand, such a clear band was not observed in the comparative example 2-1 and the comparative example 2-2,

According to the image processing software, the band according to the example 2-1 contained 8.7 times as many subunit monomers of avidin as the band according to the comparative example 2-1. The band according to the example 2-2 contained 3.3 times as many subunit monomers of avidin as the band according to the comparative example 2-2.

From the electrophoresis result shown in FIG. 5, namely, the result by a pull-down method, it was found that Biotin-PEG 12-peptide binds to a gold nanoparticle to form an aggregate (i.e., precipitate). Since the biotin and the peptide do not interact due to PEG 12, it was found that the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 01 binds to gold. In other words, it was found that the peptide consisting of the amino acid sequence represented by SEQ ID NO: 01 recognizes gold.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention provides a peptide capable for binding to gold.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

101, 102: precipitate
103, 106: avidin
104: biotin-PEG12
105: two-component composite of avidin and biotin-PEG12
107, 113: biotin-PEG12-peptide
108, 110: composite of avidin and biotin-PEG12-peptide
109: gold nanoparticle
111: three-component composite of gold nanoparticle, avidin, and biotin-PEG12-peptide
112: subunit monomer of avidin

Claims

The invention claimed is:

1. An isolated peptide consists of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 01.

2. A method for binding a peptide to gold, the method comprising steps of:

mixing the gold with a solution containing the peptide consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 01 so as to bind the peptide to the gold.

3. A composite comprising a peptide consisting of an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 01 and gold, wherein the peptide is bound to the gold.