US86202A - Improvement in the manufacture op steel - Google Patents
Improvement in the manufacture op steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US86202A US86202A US86202DA US86202A US 86202 A US86202 A US 86202A US 86202D A US86202D A US 86202DA US 86202 A US86202 A US 86202A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- steel
- furnace
- silicates
- manufacture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 16
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 16
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 12
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 230000001131 transforming Effects 0.000 description 8
- 241000203354 Melanophylla Species 0.000 description 6
- 229960003753 Nitric Oxide Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrous oxide Inorganic materials [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical class O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N AI2O3 Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001066 destructive Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium Chemical compound [Na] KEAYESYHFKHZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/04—Manufacture of hearth-furnace steel, e.g. Siemens-Martin steel
Description
xiii finder HAYDN M. BAKER, WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OI COLUMBIA.
Letters Patent No. 86,202, dated January 26, 1869.
IMPRCVEMENT IN THE MANUFACTURE OF STEEL.
-4 The Schedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of the aims- To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HAYDN M. BAKER, of the city of Washington, in the District of Columbia, have invented a new and useful Process for the Manufacture of Steelfrom Oxides of Iron and Cast-Iron and that the following is a full and exact description thereof.
My invention is based upon the principle of contact of carbide of iron with oxygen and nitrogen-gases in gen andnitrogen, together with nitric-oxide, nitrous,
hypernitm'c, and nitric'acids, the last four surrendering their oxygen to carbon, atrelevated temperatures, rapidly.
It is generally acknowledged that nitrogen is an essential' element in the formation of steel from metallic iron and the higher carbides of iron, butthat of itself it forms-no part of the compound known as steel, yet it is a well-established fact that its presence is necessary, although its action may be entirely catalytic.
From repeated experiments, I am convinced that the influences of oxygen and nitrogen in the transformation of cast-iron and high carbides of iron into steel are very much more effective when they are supplied in the nascent state.
One might suppose that passing air through melted castironwould be furnishing these elements'in the cheapest manner possible, but it will readily occur that the oxygen and nitrogen of the atmosphere are not in chemical combination, but as a mechanical mixture, and when existing in a free state, becomes so expanded with the high temperature and greatly increased specific gravity, that it rapidly makes its escape through the molten mass without suflicient opportunity of contact to exercise the-influence it was designed to. I therefore prefer the use of an agent which will furnish these elements gradually and at a sufficiently elevated temperature to induce their union with the elements to be removed.
Many substances furnish nitrogen, as coal, animal matters, cyanides, and ammoniacal salts, but their expense far exceeds that of the nitrates, and at the same time are very much less effective, on account of volatility and easy decomposition at low temperatures..
If these nitrates are used alone,they are very destructive to furnaces or iron-apparatus used as converting-vessels. I therefore use silicic, boracic, or fluoric acids in conj uuction with them, or, instead thereof, use silicates, borates, or fluorides; but as silicates, in shape of broken window or bottle-glass, are very easily procured, I prefer their use.
Having described the principles involved, I will now proceed to describe the application of the process.
For the purpose of transforming iron or carbide of iron into steel, I use a reverberatory furnace, and when oxides of iron are used, I first reduce them with the usual excess of carbon, and run the resulting carbide of iron into cold water, to granulate it, and if cast-iron is employed, I remelt and granulate that in the same way. 1
I now throw two per cent. the weight of batch of broken window or,bottle-glass upon the hearth of the furnace, (one may use a great deal more than two per cent, .or less, but more is unnecessary, and less would not he so efficient,) and then charge in onc-half-of the granulated mass to be acted upon, and now two per cent. of the weight of whole batch of granulated iron,.of nitrate of soda, then charge in the remaining portion of the batch as quickly as possible, and close the furnace.
I now maintain a moderate furnace-temperature, considerably short of the melting-point of cast-iron, for about one hour.
The above temperature may be described as a red heat. At the expiration of one hour, the temperature may be rapidly elevated considerably above the melting-point of cast-iron, and the molten mass tapped or drawn out, and cast into ingots or ware for machinery, as thought most practicable.
Soon after the furnace is closed, the nitrate charged intoit fuses and passes through the interstices of the granulated iron to the hearth or bottom of the furnace, and enters into decomposition, yielding a little free oxygen and nitrogen at first, and later, nitric-oxide, nitrous, hyper-nitric, and nitric acids, and leaving, as a residue,
oxide and peroxide of sodium, which immediately commences to enter into combination with the silicates,
yielding a small quantity'of oxygen. The nitric-oxide, nitrous, hyper-nitric, and nitric acids, readily surrender their oxygen to the carbon of the iron, forming carbonic oxide and acid.
As the metal melts, it flows to the bed of the furnace, and floats the silicate or glass up through the unmelted portions of steel, and at the elevated temperatures, and in intimate contact, .the said silicates combine with the sulphur, phosphorus, a portiou'of the carbon, and all the metallic oxides, bringing them to the surface as silicates, and at the same time protecting the melted steel from the action of the air passing through the furnace, thereby avoiding oxidation.
If the nitrate were to be thrown into a hot furnace, it would be nearly all decomposed with such rapidity that the gases designed to effect the transformation would make their escape before the carbide of iron could attain a sufliciently elevated temperature to be influenced by them, and if it were not for the silica or silicates upon the bed of the furnace, the, caustic soda left from the decomposition of the nitrate of soda would unite with the silica and alumina of the clay in the bricks or bed of the furnace, forming a fusible glass,
. which-would be floated-up by the melting metal, and
thereby expose a new surface of said furnace-hearth or bed tothe action of the succeeding batch, and-so on. It is therefore highly proper, for the protection of the furnace, that silicates should be used in conjunction with;
nitrates. v
There is another good reason for it, i. a, that the nitrate becomes mingled with the silicates, and its liberation of the oxygen and nitrogen-gases becomes more gradual than when used alone.
' Thereis still another highly-important reason. The caustic soda from the decomposition of the nitrate enters into chemical combination with the other silicates,
and as soda makes a softer and moretenacioussilicate' than any other substance at high temperatures, it renders the said silicates more yielding to the mechanical action of the melting mass; It also forms a compound which readily absorbs any sulphurets, phosphides, carbon, and all metallic oxides, consequently prevents the insertion, by similar specific gravity or mechanical action, of any foreign bodies in the interstices of the 012mm What I claim as my inventi0n,'and'.desire to secure by Letters Patent, is r V The use of alkaline, earthy, and metallic oxide nitrates, in conjunction with silica or silicates, fluorides, and borates, or mixtures of same, or any other vitreous substances, for the purpose of transforming the higher carbides of iron into steel, in the manner herein described, or by any other method substantially the same. Y
Witnesses: HAYDN M. BAKER.
JOHN B. CLARK, Jn,
It. H. MARSH.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US86202A true US86202A (en) | 1869-01-26 |
Family
ID=2155691
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US86202D Expired - Lifetime US86202A (en) | Improvement in the manufacture op steel |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US86202A (en) |
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0
- US US86202D patent/US86202A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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