US858793A - Railway-traffic-controlling apparatus. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTEID JULY2, 19.07.

C. J. COLEMAN. RAILWAY TRAFFIG CONTROLLING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV- 7. 1904.

2 SHEETS-B33512.

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UNITED STA ES PATENT? OFFICE.

CLYDE J. COLEMAN, OF ROCKAWAY, NEW JERSEY, ,ASSIGNOR TO THE HALL SIGNAL COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

RAILWAY-TRAFFIC-CON'IROLLING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 2, 1907.

Application filed November 7, 1904- Serial No. 231,670.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLYDE J. COLEMAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Rockaway, in the county of Morris and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Railway-Traffic- Controlling Apparatus and Systems, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof.

My present inyention relates to railway-trafiic-controlling apparatus and systems such as railway signaling apparatus and systems, and, in various features, is of a nature supplementary to the invention disclosed by me in my application for Letters Patent of the United States filed on the 11th day of April, 1904, Serial No.

In" its embodiment which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and particularly described hereinafter, my invention relates to an electrically controllable railway traffic-controlling apparatus and system, which are in this instance, a railway signaling apparatus and system, comprising fluid-pressure motive apparatus for supplying actuative mechanical energy necessary to operate traflic-controlling or signaling means.

The illustrated embodiment of my invention is anormal clear traffic-controlling or signaling apparatus and system, that is to say, a trafiic-controlling or signaling apparatus and system which are normally maintained in clear or non-blocking condition permitting the free passage of trains or railway vehicles past the trafficeontrolling point or points at which traffic on the railway is controlled by the trallic-controlling or signaling apparatus.

The illustrated embodiment of my invention is a railway block signaling system in which the trafliccontrolling or signaling apparatus at a given traffic-controlling or signaling point indicates, and is governed by, the condition of only one railway block, which is the railway block in advance of the given trafiic-controlling or signaling point.

However, by the obvious application of well known methods and principles, my invention may be embodied in normal danger or normal blocking railway trafiic-controlling or signaling apparatus and systems,

and also in horn eanddistant railway traflic-controlling or signaling apparatus and systems in which the trafficcontrolling or signaling apparatus at a given traffic-controlling or signaling point indicates, or is controlled by, the conditions of two railway blocks, for instance two railway blocks successively in advance of the given traffic-controlling or signaling point as in the case of the ordinary home and distant railway signaling systems.

Broadly stated, the objects of my invention are reliability and economy of operation, simplicity, compactness and economy of construction, and economy of maintenance. i

These objects are attained by the various features of my invention which are fully disclosed in the following description and accompanying drawings, and which are particularly pointed out in the claims annexed hereto.

Sn bservient to the broad ends mentioned above, my invention comprises various objects capable of more particular definition, all of which will clearly appear in the light of the following description of the particular embodiment of my invention which I have illustrated. I shall at this point mention various of these subservient objects, together with various features of my invention.

It is one object of my invention to provide a common source for supplying heat or thermal energy to two different thermal energy-transmuting apparatuses employed in railway traffic-controlling or signaling apparatus for transmuting thermal energy into energy for actuating, or controlling the actuation of, the trafiiccontrolling or signaling means. To this end my invention comprises two thermal energy-transmuting means or apparatuses arranged to deliver energy for actuating, or controlling the actuation of, the traflic-cont rolling or signaling means, such as a signal semaphore. For instance, the illustrated embodiment of my invention comprises fluid-pressure motive apparatus co-operative with the traffic-controlling or signaling semaphore to actuate the same and so arranged that its motive fluid is heated by a source of heat which is also employed to supply thermal energy to a thermo-electric energytransmuting device, which is shown in the drawings as a thermopileand which supplies electric energy to a controlling electric circuit which controls the actuation of the traflic-controlling or signaling semaphore by the fluid-pressure motive means.

It is another object of my invention to economize the thermal energy delivered by the source of heat such as mentioned above, and to this end my invention comprehends an arrangement of two thermal energy-transmuting apparatuses, each of which is arranged to deliver its transmuted energy for the actuation or control of the traffic-controlling or signaling means, while one of the thermal energy-transmuters is arranged to receive and transmute the waste or surplus or non-utilized heat or thermal energy which the other thermal energy-transmuter fails to convert into useful energy. For instance, in the illustrated embodiment of my invention a heating means is provided as a source of thermal energy for the thermo-electric energy-trans muter or thermopile, while the fluid-pressure motive apparatus is arranged to receive and utilize non-utilized heat which passes through, or by, or away from, the thermo-electric energy-transmuter or thermopile.

It is another object of my invention to utilize a :nergy for traffic-controlling or signaling means, for instance as a source of energy'for moving or assisting to move a signal semaphore, and to this end my invention comprehends a fluid-pressure motive chamber or expansion chamber in actuative co-operation with the tralficcontrolling or signaling means, or signal-semaphore, and a source of motive fluid communicating with the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid, the fluid thus heated being utilized in the motive chamber to produce motive force and mechanical energy for actuating the traflic-controlling means such as the signal semaphore.

In its application to railway traffic-controlling apparatus and systems employing fluid-pressure motive apparatus comprising a source of motive fluid under pressure for actuating the traflic-controlling means, it is a further object of my invention to prevent the excessive cooling of the motive fluid and surrounding portions of the motive fluid apparatus, due to the dynamic expansion of the motive fluid as it is utilized to produce motive power. To this end, my invention comprises a means for heating those portions of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus which are subjected to a cooling tendency by contact with the expanded motive fluid. For instance, in the illustrated embodiment of my invention the motive chamber or cylinder and the motive fluid conduit leading thereto are arranged to be heated by a source of heat. In the present instance, for purposes of economy and compactness, this source of heat is also employed to supplyv thermal energy to a thermo-electric energy-transmuter or thermopile arranged to supply electrical energy for controlling the actuation of the traffic-controlling means.

The foregoing feature of my invention prevents excessive cooling of the motive fluid and motive fluid apparatusdue to dynamic expansion of the motive fluid, and also prevents excessive cooling of the motive fluid apparatus due to expansion of the motive fluid escaping therefrom when an exhaust vent is opened, and this feature is particularly valuable in its application to those forms of fluid-pressure motive apparatus which employ, as a source of motive fluid, a liquefied gas such as liquid carbonic acid or carbon dioxid, which, by its volatilization and dynamic or other expansion, incurs very low temperatures.

In some instances wherein a controlling valve is employed to govern the passage of motive fluid to or from the motive chamber, as in that embodiment of my invention which is illustrated by the accompanying drawings, and when such valve comprises a rubber valve seat coming in contact with the motive fluid flowing to the motive chamber, or when for any other reason it is desired to keep the controlling valve cool, another object of my invention is to maintain such a valve in relatively cool condition and thus prevent any undesirable effect of heat thereon, such as injury to the valve proper or seat, or other deterioration of the valve which might be caused by the passage of heated motive fluid if the same were heated prior to its passage through the controlling valve, and to this end my invention comprises an arrangement of the motive fluid apparatus and a source of heat, whereby the motive fluid is only heated after itspassage through the controlling valve.

The foregoing preamble does-not essay to enumerate and separately mention each and every distinct object and feature of my present invention, since all such objects and features will be clearly apparent in the light of the following particular description of my invention in that particular embodiment which is illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In these drawings: Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating railway traffic-controlling or signaling apparatus embodying my invention and adapted for location, and for controlling traflic, at a traflic-controlling point upon a railway line. Fig. 2 is a diagram illustrating two traflic-controlling or signaling apparatuses, such as the apparatus of Fig. 1, but co-organized in their control of railway traflic at two successive traffic-controlling points along a common railway line.

My invention may be embodied in traflic-controlling or signaling apparatus employing fluid pressure motive apparatus for actuating the traffic-controlling or signaling means, such as the signal semaphore 2, and employing a source of liquefied gas such as the tank 51, which may contain liquid carbonic acid or carbon dioxid.

In the illustrated embodiment of my invention the source of liquefied gas communicates with an expansion reservoir 43 through a connecting pipe 50, reducing valve 45, and connecting pipe 44. It is the function of the reducing valve 45 to expand the motive fluid or gas and reduce its pressure as it is fed through such reducing valve from the tank 51 to the expansion reservoir 43. A double gage, such as the one illustrated, may be connected to the reducing valve so as to indicate simultaneously the pressures in the liquid tank 51 and in the expansion reservoir 43. In this instance, the index hand 47 indicates upon its scale 49 the fluid pressure in the liquid tank, while the index hand 46 indicates on its respective scale 48 the fluid pressure in the expansion reservoir 43. The expansion reservoir communicates through a connecting pipe 42 with the pressure chamber 350i the casing 34 of the con-' trolling valves. This casing comprises three chambers, the pressure chamber 35, which has already been mentioned and which occupies one end of the valve casing 34, the intermediate chamber 36, and the dis charge chamber 37 occupying that end of the valve casing opposite its pressure chamber. The discharge chamber is open at its lower end to the atmosphere. An inlet valve seat is interposed between the pressure chamber and the intermediate chamber, and an outlet valve seat is interposed between the intermediate chamber and the discharge chamber, and an inlet valve 40 and an outlet valve 38 co-operate with the valve seats and are mounted upon a common valve stem 39, so that when the valve stem is thrust longitudinally in one direction, -for instance by gravitation as in the present instance, the inlet valve 40 will engage its seat and close communication between the pressure chamber 35 and the intermediate chamber 36, while the outlet valve 38 will recede from its seat and open communication between such intermediate chamber 36 and the discharge chamber 37 so as to permit discharge of motive fluid from the intermediate the main casing just underneath the piston stem.

chamber through the discharge chamber to the outer atmosphere. The resulting position of the valves is shown in Fig. 1. When the valve stem is thrust longitudinally in its opposite direction, the outlet valve will be closed and the inlet valve will be opened. In the construction shown the valves will be normally held in their last mentioned positions, which will close communication between the intermediate chamber and the outer atmosphere while opening communication between such intermediate chamber and the pressure chamber 35 communicating with the expansion reservoir, and in the construction shown such normal positions of the valves are maintained by the attractive force of a controlling magnet 30 upon its armature 41 which is fixed upon one end oi the common valve stem 39 upon which both valves are mounted.

When the controlling valves are in their normal positions, the expansion reservoir 43 has free communication with the reciprocating motive chamber or cylinder 6 through the connecting pipe 42, pressure chamber 35 of the valve casing, inlet valve aperture thereof, its intermediate chamber 36, connecting pipe 14 leading from such intermediate chamber, heating coil 13, and motive fluid duct 9 of the piston stem 52 of the stationary piston 8.

The diagram shows a suitable bed plate 25, upon which is mounted the hollow lnaincasing 15 which may be cylindrical in form and from the upper end of which projects vertically the piston stem 52, such piston stem having its lower end suitably secured in the center of the upper or end wall of the casing. The heating coil .13 is centrally located in the upper end of It may be described as a conical helix with convolutions disposed about a vertical axis coincident with the axis of the piston stem and gradually approaching such axis as they wind from the base to the top oi the coil. The upper or outlet end of the heating coil may be secured in the lower end of the motive Iluid duct 9, which passes centrally through the piston stem 52. The piston proper 8 is in the form ol' a collar or enlargement at the upper end of the piston stem 52. The vertical reciprocating cylinder or motive chamber 6 is in the form of an inverted cylindrical cup fitting over the piston proper so that the open end of the cylinder normally depends from the piston proper so as to form an annular inclosure or chamber surrounding the piston stem and open at its lower end. A semaphore-actuating rod 3 is secured in a suitable lug or boss on the top of the motive cylinder and extends upward to and is connected with the signal semaphore 2 in a well known manner.

Centrally located in the bottom of the main casing and seated upon its bed plate 25 is a lamp 18, the flame of which plays against or heats the high temperature junctures of two thermopiles 17 and 19 mounted upon, but insulated irom, suitable brackets such as 21 and 20 respectively secured to the inner sides of the walls of the main casing. The combustion is supported by air admitted through suitable air holes, such as 22. The heated gases of combustion, after passing the thermopile, rise to the heating coil and impinge or play against its convolutions so as to heat the coil and the motive fluid therein, and the coil is surrounded by an inner casing 16 having its lower end mounted upon,

but insulated from, the thermopiles, while its upper end engages the inside of the top wall of the main casing. The top wall of the main casing is provided with a series of perforations or fine holes 12 arranged around the lower end of the piston stem and located just underneath the lower end of the cylindrical wall of the motive cylinder, so that the heated gases oi-combustion, after passing through and around the heating coil 13 and after giving up a portion of their heat thereto, rise through the flue holes 12 and thence into the lower end of the annular chamber surrounding the piston stem and also at the same time rise around the outside of the motive cylinder. A supplementary casing 5 is mounted upon the upper end of the main casing 15 and surrounds the flue holes 12 and the motive cylinder so as to retain the heated gases of combustion in contact with the motive cylinder and thus keep the cylinder in a heated condition. A central-aperture 4 is provided at the upper end of the supplementary casing, through which the actuating rod 3 passes and through which the gases of combustion are eventually discharged.

The result of: the foregoing arrangement is that a portion of the heat of combustion is delivered to the thermopiles by radiation and by convection and is transmuted by such thermopiles into useful electrical energy, as will be hereinafter more fully pointed out, while the heat not transmuted by the thermopiles is confined to the heating coil 13 during its passage from the thermopiles to the flue holes 12 and is partially utilized in heating the heating coil 13 and the motive fluid therein, and the remaining heat not utilized by the heating coil is applied to heat and to maintain in heated condition the piston stem, piston and motive cylinder.

The thermopile 19 continuously charges a storage battery 23 through a local circuit including the connecting wire 24, storage battery 23 and connecting wire 26. The valve-controlling magnet 30 is also included in a local circuit with the thermopile 19 and with respect to current from such thermopile the magnet is in parallel with the storage battery 23 and its circuit, when closed, is traceable as follows: from one terminal of the thermopile through the conductor 24, magnet 30, conductor 29, contact finger 28 of the rear track relay of the block 13-, such contact finger being normally held by attraction of the relay magnet 53 in contact with its co-operating contact stop 27, and thence through such contact stop 27 and the conductor 26 back to the opposite terminal of the thermopile. The foregoing local circuit of the valve-controlling magnet 30 is normally closed by energization of the magnet 53 of the rear track relay of the railway block B", such rear track relay being normally energized by current transmitted through the rails P and T2 of the block B and from a thermopile 17 comprised in the apparatus located at the advance end of the block 15- and corresponding to the thermopile 17 already mentioned. The thermopile .17, like the thermopile 17", transmits current through a local circuit including I the wire 33, storage battery 31 and wire 32, and thus charges such storage battery, while at the same time the thermopile 17 transmits current through the wire 33 to the advance end of the right rail 1* of the block B thence through the track circuit of such block and l i I l back to the advance end of the left rail l thereof, and thence through the wire 32 back to the opposite terminal of the thermopile.

When a train is present in any block of the system, for instance in the block B as illustrated, the magnet oi the rear track relay at the rear end of such block is, by short-circuiting effect of the wheels and axles such as T of the train, deprived of energizing current so that its contact finger is retracted, by gravity or other suitable .retractive force, out of contacting position with its co-operating contact stop, thereby opening the local circuit of the valve-controlling magnet of the signaling apparatus located at the rear end of the block in which the train is present. As soon as the valvecontrolling magnet is thus de-encrgized,tlro controlling valves controlled by the magnet are, by gravity or any suitable retractive force, withdrawn from their normal positions so that the inlet valve 40 is closed and the outlet valve 38 is opened. If desired, the pressure of the motive fluid alone may be relied upon for this retractive movement, since the pressure of motive fluid in the intermediate chamber 36 will always tend to open the outlet valve 38 while the pressure of fluid in the pressure chamber 35 will always tend to close the inlet valve 40 as soon as the outlet valve 38 is opened. When the outlet valve 38 is opened and the inlet valve 40 is closed, the motive fluid, which up to this moment has been present in the motive cylinder 6 and has been holding its signal semaphore 2 in clear position as illustrated by the signaling apparatus at the advance end of the block B now escapes from the motive cylinder so as to reduce the pressure therein to.

normal or atmospheric pressure and permit the signal semaphore 2 to be moved, by its counterweight or by any suitable means, to its danger position, while also sliding the motive cylinder down upon its piston to its danger position as illustrated by the apparatus at the rear end of the block B Meantime the closure of the inlet valve 40 prevents the escape of motive fiuid from the expansion reservoir 43.

As soon as the train makes its exit from the block in which it is present, for instance the block 13', the rear track relay at the rear end thereof is re-energized and replaces its contact finger such as 28 in position of contact with its (o-operating contact stop 27, thus reclosing the local circuit of the valve-controlling magnet 30 and causing the controlling valves to be restored to their normal positions, which close the discharge outlet of the motive cylinder 6 and open communication between such motivc cylinder and the expansion reservoir 43. 'lhereupon motive fluid flows from the expansion reservoir 43 through the pipe 42, inlet valve 40, connecting pipe 14, heating coil 13 and piston stem 9 into the motive cylinder. The passage of the motive fluid through the heating coil increases its'temperature and its dynamic expansion, while the same result is effected by passage of the motive fluid through the heated piston stem 52 and into the heated motive cylinder 6, and not only are the temperature and dynamic expansion of the motive fluid increased, but its terriperature and volume are maintained by the heated condition of the motive cylinder and motive apparatus generally, after the motive cylinder has been moved by suchjdynamic expansion through its semaphoreactuating stroke or movement.

A large saving in motive fluid results from the foregoing method of increasing its temperature and dynamic expansion.

Should either of the thermopiles be accidentally burned out or otherwise broken or damaged, its storage battery would continue to supply current to the circuit normally supplied by such th ermopile, until the thermopile could be repaired or replaced.

It is obvious that my invention may be embodied in various structures and systems within the principle and scope thereof.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:-

1. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means subject to actuation by converted thermal energy, a source of thermal energy, an energytransrnuter co-operative with the source of thermal energy to convert its energy into another form and co-operative with the trallic-controlling means to efliect actuation of the same, and another energy-transmuter co-organized with the source of thermal energy and with the first energytransmuter to convert into another form the waste thermal energy not converted by the first energy-transmuter, the second energy-transmuter being also co-operative with the trafiic-controlling means to supply actuative energy thereto.

2. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means, a source of thermal energy, and two energy-transmuters co-operative with the source of thermal energy to transmute its thermal energy, a. given one or the energy-transmuters being co-operative with the traffie-controlling means to supply actuative energy thereto and the other transrnnter being arranged to supply con trolling-energy for controlling the actuation of the traftic-controlling means.

3. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traftic-controlling means, a source of thermal energy, thermomechanical energy-transmuting means and thermo-electric energy-transmuting means both operative by the source of thermal energy and both in actuative relation to the traffic-controlling means.

l Railway trarlic-controlling apparatus comprising trafficcontrolling means, a source of thermal energy, thermonrechanicnl ener 'y-transmuting means arranged to convert thermal energy from such source into mechanical energy for actuating the traflic-controlling means, and thermoelectric energy-transmuting means arranged to convert thermal energy from the source of thermal energy into electrical energy and arranged to supply electrical energy for controlling the actuation of the tratfic-controlling means.

5. Railway tratfic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means, a source of thermal energy, thermoelectric energy-transmuting means arranged to convert thermal energy from such source into electrical energy and arranged to deliver such electrical energy to elfect 'actuat'ron of the traffic-controlling means, and thermorncchanical energy-trausmuting means arranged to convert the surplus thermal energy from the source of thermal energy not converted by the thermo-electric transmuting means and also arranged in actuative relation to the traftic-controlling means.

(3. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflie-controlling means, a source of heat, a thermopile operatable by the source of heat and in actuative relation to the traflic-controlling means, and another energy-transmuting means also operatable by the same source of heat and arranged to supply transmuted actuative energy to the trallic-controlling means.

7. Railway traliic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means, a source of heat, energy-transmuting means operatable by the source of heat and arranged to supply transmuted actuative energy to the trafiic-controlling means, and a thermopile also operatable by the same source of heat and arranged to supply electrical energy for controlling the actuation of the trafiic-controlling means by the first mentioned energytransmuting means.

8. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traftic-controlling means, a source of heat, a thermopile operated by the source of heat, and in actuative relation to the traiiic-controlling means, and thermo-mechanical energy-transmuting means arranged to transmute waste heat not converted by the lhermopile and to supply actuative mechanical energy to the trafiic-controlling means.

9. Railway traiIic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means, a source of heat, a thermopile operatable by the source of heat, another energy-transmuting means receiving surplus heat not utilized by'the thermopile and arranged to deliver transmuted actuative energy to the tratfic-controlling means, the actuation of such traflic-controlling means being controllable by electrical energy from the thermopile.

10. Railway trafiic controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the traflic-controlling means, a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus, a thermopile operatable by the same source of heat, and a controlling circuit arranged to receive energy from the thermopile and in control of the actuation of the traffic-controlling means.

11. Railway tral'lic-controlliug apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means, lluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the traflic-controlling means, a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus, thermo-electric energytransmuting means operatable by the same source of heat, and a controlling circuit arranged to receive energy from the thermo-electric energy-transmuter and in control of the actuation of the tratiic-controlling means.

12. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising railway trafiic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the traflic-controlling means, therlno-electric energy-transmuting means including a source of heat and co-operative with the fluidpressure motive apparatus to heat the motive fluid thereof by the non-utilized heat passing off from the thermoelectric trausmuting means, and a controlling electric circuit in control of the actuation of the traflic-controlling means and communicating with the thermo-electric transmuting means as a source of electrical energy.

13. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traiiic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the traflic-controlling means and including a source of motive iluid and a motive chamber and a-conduit affording communication between the two, a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid in the conduit, 3 thermopile operatable by the same source of heat, and a controlling electric circuit arranged to receive energy generated by the thfi'mopile and disposed in controlling relation to the traflic-controlling means.

14. Railway tratlic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling moans. fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuativc relation to the traflic-controlling means and including a source of motive fluid and a motive chamber and a conduit affording communication between the two, a source of heat arranged to heat the motive chamber, a thermopile operatable by the same source of heat, and a controlling electric circuit arranged to receive energy generated by the thermopile and disposed in controlling relation to the traflic-controlling means.

15. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the trafiic-controlling means and including a source of motive fluid and a motive chamber and a conduit affording communication between the two, a source of heat arranged to heat the motive chamber and the motive fluid in the conduit, a thermopile operatable by the same source of heat, and a controlling electric circuit arranged to receive energy generated by the thermopile and disposed in controlling relation to the traffic-controlling means.

16. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuativc relation to the traffic-controlling means and including a motive chamber, thermo-electric energy-transmuting means, a controlling electric circuit communicating with the thermo-electric energy-transmuter as a source of electricity and in control of the actuation of the trafliccontrolling means, and one source of heat to operate the thermo-electric energy-transmuting means and to heat the motive chamber. i

17. Railway traflic-controiling apparatus comprising traibc-controlling means, fluid-pressure motiveapparatus in actuative relation'to the traflic-controlling means and including a motive chamber, thermo-electric energy-transmuting means, a controlling electric circuit communicating with the thermo-electric energy-transmuter as a source of electricity and in control of the actuation of the traffic-controlling means, and one source of heat to operate the thermoelectric energy-transmuting means and to heat the motive chamber, and a casing inclosing the motive chamber. 18. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the traffic-controlling means and including a motive chamber and a source of motive fluid and a motive fluid conduit leading from such source'to such motive chamber, thermo-electric energy-trausmuting means, an electric circuit communicating with such thermo-electric energy-transmuting means as a source of electrical energy and arranged in control of the actuation of the traffic-controlling means, and one source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the energy-transmuting means and to heat a portion of the motive fluid conduit, and a-casing inclosing the heated portion of the motive fluid conduit.

19. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation thereto and including a motive chamber and a source of motive fluid and a motive fluid conduit communicating between such source and chamber, a controlling electric circuit in control of the actuation of the traflic-controlling means, thermo-electric energy-transmuting means arranged to supply energy for the controlling circuit, a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the thermo-electric transmuter and for heating a portion of the motive fluid conduit and for heating the motive chamber, and casing walls inclosing the motive chamber and the heated portion of the motive fluid condult.

20. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traiiic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation thereto and including a motive chamber and a source of motive fluid and a motive fluid conduit communicating between such source and chamber, a

controlling electric circuit in control of the actuation of the traflic-controlling means, thermo-electric energy-trans muting means arranged to supply energy for the controlling circuit, a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the thermo-electric transmuter and for heating a portion of the motive fluid conduit and for heating the motive chamber, and easing walls inclosing the thermo-electric energy-transmuter and the motive chamber and the heated portion of the motive fluid conduit.

21. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means disposed at a plurality of trafliccontrolling points along the railway line, thermal energytransmuting means in actuative relation to the trafliccontrolling means at a given one of the trafiic-controlling points, thermo-electric energy-transmuting means at such given point arranged to supply actuative electrical energy to the traflic-controlling means at another point, and a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the first mentioned actuative energy-transmuting means and to the thermo-electric energy-trausmuter.

22. Railway trafiic-'controlling apparatus comprising trafliccontrolling means disposed at a plurality of trafiiccontrolling points along a railway line, thermal energytransmuting means in actuative relation to the trafliccontrolling means at a given one of the traflic-controlling points, a thermopile at such given point arranged to supply actuative electrical energy to the traffic-controlling means at another point, and a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the first mentioned actuative energy-transmuting means and to the thermopile.

23. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising frame-controlling means located at a plurality of trafliccontrolling points in proximity to a railway line, thermal energy-transmuting apparatus in actuative relation to the traffic-controlling means at a given one of the trailic-con trolling points, another thermal energy-transmuting means l i i ill actuatlve relation to the trafIic-controlling means at another one of the traflic-controlling points, and a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to both energytransmutiug means.

24. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising trafiic-controlling means located at a plurality of tralliccontrolling points in proximity to a railway line, thermal energ' transmuting means in actuative relation to the trafiic-controlling means at a given one of the traflic-controlling points, another'thermal energy-transmuting means arranged to supply actuative energy to the traffic-controlling means at another one of the traflic-controlling points, and a source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to a given one of the energy-transmuting means, the other energy-trausmuting means being arranged to receive the surplus thermal energy not utilized by the given energytransmuting means.

25. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising trailic-controlling means located ata plurality of trafliccontrolling points in proximity to a railway line, thermal energy-transmuting motive means in actuative relation to the trafiic-controlling means at a given one of the traificling means at another one of the trafiic-controlling points, controlling-points, a second thermal energ -transmuting means in actuative relation to the traific-controlling means at another one of the traific-controlling points, and a source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the second energy-transmuting means, the first mentioned energy-' transmuting means being arranged to receive and transniute surplus thermal energy not utilized by the second energy-transmuter.

26. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traific-controlling means located at a plurality of trafficcontrolling points in proximity to a railway line, thermal energy-transmuting means arranged to supply actuative energy to the trafiic-controlling means located at a given one of the traifie-controlling points, thermoelectric energytransmuting means arranged to supply actuative electrical energy to the trafiic-controlling means located at another one of the traffic-controlling points, and a source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the thermo-electric energytransmuting means, the first mentioned thermal energytransmuting means being arranged to receive and transmute surplus thermal energy not utilized by the thermoelectric energy-transmuter.

27. Railway tratlic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means located at a plurality of trafiiccontrolling points in proximity to a railway line, thermal cnergy-transmuting means arranged to supply actuative energy to the traffic-controlling means located at a given one of the traffic-controlling points, a thcrmopile arranged to supply actuative electrical energ to the trallie-controlling means located at another one of the traffic controllingpoints, and a source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the thermopile, the first mentioned thermal energytransmuting means being arranged to receive and transmute thermal energy not utilized by the thermopile.

28. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising tratlic-coutrolling means located at a plurality of trafficcontrolling points disposed in proximity to a railway line,

actuative electric circuits in control of the tralfic-controL ling means at the various trafiic-controlling points, and at a given trailic-controlling point two thermo-electric transmutcrs, one arranged to supply electricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control of the traflic-controlling means at the given point and the other arranged to supply clectricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control of the traflic-controlling means at another one of the traific-controlling points, and a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to both the thermo.-electric energy-transmuters.

29. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising trafiic-controiling means located at a plurality of trafiiccontrolling points disposed in proximity to a railway line, actuative electric circuits incontrol of the traffic-controlling means at the various traflic-coutrolling points, and at a given traffic-controlling point two ther mopiles, one arranged to supply electricity to one of the circuits in actuative control of the traffic-controlling means at the given point and the other arranged to supply electricity to an actuative circuit in actuative control of the trafficcontrollingineans at another one of the traffic-controlling points, and a common source of heat for supplying thcr-.

mal energy to both the thermopiles.

30. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising traific-controlling means located at a plurality of trafiiccontrolling points disposed in proximity to a railway line,'

actuative electric circuits in control of the tralfic-controlling means at the various trafiic-controlling points, and at a given traffic-controlling point two thermo-electric transmuters one arranged to supply electricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control of the traffic-controlling means at the given point and the other arranged to supply electricity to a controlling circuit in actuative con trol of the traflic-controlling means at another one of the traflic-controlling points, a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to both the thermo-electric e11- ergy-transmuters, and a casing inclosing both the thermoelectric energy-transmuters.

31. Railway traflic-eontrolling apparatus comprising trafiic-controlling means located at a'plurality of trafiicgiven traffic-controlling point a source of heat common to.

both the thermoelectric energy-transmnters and to the third thermal energy-transmuterr 32. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means located-at a plurality of trafliccontrolling points in proximity to a railway line, control ling electric circuits in controlling relation to the trafliccontrolling means, at a givenone of the traffic-controlling points a thermo-electric energy-transmuting means arranged to deliver energy to one of the controlling electric circuits and also at such given traflic-controlling point a second thermal energy-transmuter adapted to.convert thermal energy into motive energy and to deliver such motive energy to the traflic-controlling means at such given point, and also at such given point a common source of heat arranged to deliver thermal energy both to the thermo-electric energy-transmuting means and to the second thermal energy-transmuter.

33. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising tral'fic-controlling means located ata plurality of trafliccontrolling points in proximity to a railway line, controlling electric circuits in controlling relation to the trafi'iccontrolling means, at a given one of the traflic-controlling points a thermopile arranged to deliver energy to one of the controlling electric circuits and also 'at such given traflic-controlling point a second thermal energyiransmutcr adapted to convert thermal energy into motive energy and to deliver such motive energy to the traffic-coutrolling means at such given point, and also at such given point a common source of heat arranged to deliver thermal energy both to the thermopile and to the second thermal energy-transmuter.

34. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising tratfic-controlling means located at a plurality of trafficcontrolling points in proximity to a railway line, controlling electric circuits in controlling relation to the traiiiccontrolling means, at a given one of the traflic-controiling points a thcrmo-electric encrgy-transmuting means arranged to deliver energy to one of the controlling electric circuits and also at such given traflie-eontrolling point a second thermal energy-transmuter adapted to convert thermal energy into motive energy and to deliver such motive energy to the traific-controlling means at such given point, and also at such given point a source of heat arranged to deliver thermal energy to the thermo-electric energy transmuting means, the second thermal energytransmuter being arranged to receive and transmute the surplus thermal energy not utilized by the thermoelectric energy-transmuting means.

35. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means located at a plurality of trafficcontrolling points in proximity to a railway line, controlling electric circuits in controlling relation to the trailiccontrolling means, at a given one of the traili c-controlling points a thermopile arranged to deliver energy to one of the controlling electric circuits and also at such given traflic-controlling point a second thermal energy-transmuter adapted to convert thermal energy into motive energy and to deliver such motive encrg to the tratlic-controlling means at such given point, and also at such given point a source of heat arranged to deliver thermal energy to the thermopile, the second thermal energy-transmitter being arranged to receive and transmute the surplus thermal energy not utilized by the thermopile.

36. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive means in actuative relation to the traific-controlling means and including an electrically controllable controlling valve, a controlling electric circuit in controlling relation to the controlling valve, a thermo-elcctric energy-transmitter arranged to deliver electrical energy to the controlling circuit, and a source of thermal energy for the thermo-electric energy-transmuter.

37. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive means in actuative relation to the tratiic-controlling means and including an electrically controllable controlling valve, a controlling electric circuit in controlling relation to the controlling valve, a thermopile arranged to deliver electrical energy to the controlling circuit, and a source of thermal energy for the thermopile.

38. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising trafiic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation thereto and including an electrically controllable controlling valve in controlling relation to the motive apparatus, a controlling electric circuit in con trol of the controlling valve, a thermo-electric energy transmuting means arranged to deliver electrical energy to the controlling circuit, and a common source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electric energy-transmuter and to heat the motive fluid of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus.

39. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive. apparatus including a source of motive fluid. and fluid-pressure energy-transmuting means constituting a motor proper in actnative relation to the traflic-controlling means and a motive fluid conduit leading from the source of motive fluid to the motor proper and an electrically controllable controlling valve interposed in such conduit, a controlling electric circuit in control of the electrically controllable controlling valve. thermo-electrir. energy-transmuting means arranged to supply electricity to the controlling circuit. and a common source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electric energy-transmuter and to heat the motive fluid in the motive fluid conduit.

40. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising tra fic-controlling means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid and fluid-pressure energytransmuting means constituting a motor proper in actuative relation to the tratfic-controlling means and a motive fluid conduit leading from the source of motive fluid to the motor proper and an electrically controllable controlling valve interposed in such conduit, a controlling electric circuit in control of the electrically controllable controlling valve, thermo-electric energy-transmuting means arranged to supply electricity to the controlling circuit, and a common source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electric energy-transmitter and to heat the motive fluid conduit at a point between its controlling valve and the motor proper.

41. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising trafiic-eontrolling means. fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid and fluid-pressure energy-transmitting means constituting a motor proper in actuative relation to the tratlic-eontrolling means and a. motive fluid conduit leading from the source of motive fluid to the motor proper and an electrically controllable controlling valve interposed in such conduit, a controlling electric circuit in control of the electrically controllable controlling valve, thermo-electric energy-transmuting means arranged to supply electricity to the controlling circuit, and a source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electtic energy-transmuting means,

the motive fluid conduit being arranged to be heated by surplus heat not converted by the thermo-electric energytransmuter.

42. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means. fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid and fluid-pressure energy-transmitting means constituting a motor proper in actuative relation to the traflic-controlling means and a motive' fluid conduit leading from the source of motive fluid to the motor proper and an electrically controllable controlling valve interposed in such conduit, a controlling electric circuit in control of the electrically controllable controlling valve, thermo electric energy-transmuting means arranged to supply electricity to the controlling circuit, and a source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electric energy-transmuting means, the motive fluid conduit having a portion between its controlling valve and the motor proper arranged to be heated by surplus heat not utilized by the thermo-electric energytransmuting means.

43. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means located at a plurality of tratnccontrolling points disposed in proximity to a railway line, one or more trafiic-controlling circuits in control of the traflic-eontrolling means, a conserver of electrical energy arranged to deliver electricity to one of the traffic-com trolling circuits, at a given one of the-traflic-eontrolling points a thermo-electric energy -transmuter arranged to transmute thermal energy into electrical energy and to charge such conserver of electricity, also at such given trafiic-controlling point a second thermal energy-transmut' ing means arranged to deliver actuative energy to the traffic-controlling means at such given point, and also at such given point a common source of thermal energy for both the thermoelectric energy-transmuter and for the second thermal energy-transmuter.

4-1. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising trafliccontrolling means located at a plurality of trafficcontrolling points disposed in proximity to a railway line, one or more traftic-controlling circuits in control of the tratfic-eontrolling means, a storage battery of electrical energy arranged to deliver electricity to one of the trafficcontrolling circuits, at a given one of the traflic-controlling points a thermopile arranged to transmute thermal energy into electrical energy and to charge such storage battery of electricity, also at such given traffic-controlling point a second thermal energy-transmitting means arranged to deliver actuative energy to the trafiic-controlling means at such given point, and also at such given point a common source of thermal energy for both the thermopile and for the second thermal energy transmuter.

45. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means, actuative means therefor comprising thermal energy-transmuting means to convert thermal energy into motive energy for the traflic-controlling means, a traflic-controlling electric circuit in control of the actuation of the traific-controlling means, a source of electrical energy for the controlling circuit, a thermoelectric energy-transmuter arranged to charge the source of electricity, and a common source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy both to the thermo-electric energytransmuter and to the first mentioned thermal energytransmuting means.

46. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising trafiic-controlling means, located at a fixed traflic-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control of traflic along the track fluid-pressure motive means in actuative co-operation therewith, a motive fluid conduit leading to the motive means, a source of motive fluid for the conduit, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid conduit.

47. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means, located at a fixed traffic-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control of traflic along the track fluid-pressure motive meansin actuative relation to the traflic-controlling means, a motive fluid conduit leading to the motive means, a source of AIIUIIVU nmd fouthe conduit, a controlling valve interposed in the conduit, and a source of heat arranged to heat the conduit; and the motive fluid therein at a point between its controlling valve and the iluid-prcssure motive means.

18. Railway trailiccontrolling app ttus comprising tratlic-controlling means, located at a iixed trafliccoutrolling point on a railway track and arranged in control of trallic along the track fluid-pressure motive means in actuative co-operation with the traffic-controlling means, a source of motive fluid, a conduit leading from such source to the motive means, a source of heat arranged to heat a portion of the motive fluid conduit, and a casing surrounding the heated portion thereof.

-19. Railway trafii ccontrolling apparatus comprising traific-controlling means, located at a fixed traflic-controb ling point 011 a railway track and arranged in control of trailic along the track a source of heat. fluid-pressure mo tive means in actuative co-operation with the traflic'coutrolling means, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid conduit leading from such source to the motive means and including one or more convolutions arranged to be heated by the source of heat.

50. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-conlrolling means, located at a tixed traflic-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control of traflic along the track a source of heat. fluid-pressure motive means in actuative co-operation with the traflic-controlling means, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid conduit leading from such source to the motive means and including a heating coil arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and a casing inclosing the heating coil.

51. Railway t'aflic-controlling apparatus comprising trafiic-controlling means. a source of heat. fluid-pressure motive means in actuative co-operation with the traiticcontrolling means, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid conduit leading from such source to the motive means and including one or more convolutions arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and a controlling valve interposed in the motive fluid conduit between its source of motive fluid and its heating convolutions.

52. Railway trai'fic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means. located at a fixed traflic-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control of tratfic along the track a source of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative co-operaiion with the trailiccontrolling means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat. and a source of motive fluid conununicatiug with the motive chamber.

53. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traific-controlling means, located at a fixed traflic-controlling point on a railway track and :"rranged in control of traffic along the track a source of heat. a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative cooperation with the tratliccontrolling means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat. a casing inclosing the motive chamber, and a source of motive fluid communicating with the motivechamber.

5-1. Railway traiiic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means. a source of heat, a fluid-pr 'sure motive chamber in actuative relation to the trafliccou trolling means and disposed above the source of heat and having its lower side open so that both its outer and its inner walls may be heated by the source of heat.

Railway trailic-controlling apparatus comprising trailic-coutrolling means. located at a fixed traiiic-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control of traffic along the track a source of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative co-operation'with the tratliccontrolling means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat. a source of motive fluid communicating with the motive chamber and means for controlling such communication between the source of motive fluid and the motive chamber.

56. Railway trailic-controlling apparatus comprising traific-coulrolling means, located at a fixed trafliecou trolling point on a railway track and arranged in conirol of l'l'jfiltf along the t ack a slillfle of heat. a fluidprcssure motive chamber in actuative co-operation with the trafiic-coutrolling means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat, a motive fluid conduit leading to the motive chamber and also arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and a source of motive fluid communieating with the motive fluid conduit.

57. Railway traflie-controlling apparatus comprising Hallie-controlling means, located at a fixed traffic-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control of trafliic along the track a source of heat, a fluidpressure motive chamber in actuative co-operation with the trailic-controlling means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat, a motive fluid conduit leading to the motive chamber and also arranged to be heated by the source of heat, a source of motive fluid communieating with the motive fluid conduit, and inclosing walls surrounding the motive chamber and the heated portion of the motive fluid conduit.

Railway tl'afIic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means, located at a fixed traific-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control of traffic along the track a source of heat, a fluidpressure motive chamber in actuative co-operation with the tratlic-con'ti'olling means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid conduit leading from such source to the motive chamber and including a portion arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and a controlling valve interposed in the motive fluid conduit.

59. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means, located at a' fixed traflic-con trolling point on a railway track and arranged in con trol of traflic along the track a source of heat, a fluidpressure motive chamber in actuative co-operation with the traffic-controlling means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid conduit leading from such source to the motive chamber and including a portion arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and a controlling valve interposed in the motive fluid conduit between its heated portion and its source of motive fluid.

60. Railway traific-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means located at a plurality of trafiiccontrolling points in proximity to a railway line, one or more controlling electric circuits in control of the trafliccontrolling means, at a given one of the traffic-controlling points, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the traific-controlling means at such given point, a source of motive fluid communicating with the fluidpressure motive means through suitable pressure-reducing means, at the given traflic-controlling point thermo-electric energy-transmitting means arranged to supply energy to one of the traflic-controlling circuits, and also at such given traffic-controlling point a common source ofheat arranged both to heat the fluid-pressure motive apparatus and to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electric cuergy-transmuter.

61. Railway trafiic-controlling apparatus comprising trailic-controlling means located at a plurality of trafliccontrolling points in proximity to a railway line, one or more controlling electric circuits in control of the trafliccontrolling means, at a given one of the traflic-controlling points fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the tratfiecontrolling means at such point, a motive fluid reservoir communicating with the fluidpressure motive apparatus, a source of motive fluid communicating with the reservoir through suitable pressurereducing means, at the given traffic-controlling point a thermo-elcctric energy-transmuting means arranged to sup ply energy to one of the traflic-controlling circuits, and also at the given tral'lic-controlling point a common source of heat arranged both to heat the fluid-pressure motive apparatus and to supply thermal energy to the thermoelectric energy-transmitter.

(32. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means, located at a fixed trafiic-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control of tratlic along the track a fluid-pressure motive chamber. a source of motive fluid, a reservoir for motive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid through suitable pressure-reducing means, a motive fluid conduit leading from the reservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid after it has passed from the reservoir.

63. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising twine-controlling means, located at a fixed traffic-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control of traflic along the track a fluid-pressure motive chamber, a source of motive fluid. a reservoir for motive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid through suitable pressure-reducing means, -a motive fluid I conduit leading from the reservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid conduit. I

64. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means, located at a ti.\'ed tratlic-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control of traflic along the track a fluid-pressure motive chamber, a source of motive fluid. a reservoir for motive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid through suitable pressurea'educing means, a motive fluid conduit leading from the reservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive chamber.

Railway traliiccontrolling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means, a tluidpressure motive chamber, a source of motive fluid. a reservoir for motive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid through suitable pressurereducing means. a motive fluid conduit lead ing from the reservoir to the motive chamber, and a Source of heat; arranged to heat the motive fluid conduit and the motive chamber.

titi. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traflic-controlling means. located at a lixed traflic-controL ling point on a railway track and arranged in control of traflic along the track a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative relation .thereto, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid reservoir communicating with the source of motive fluid through suitable pressure-reducing means, a motive fluid conduit. leading from the motive fluid reser voir to the flnidprt.sure motive chamber, a controlling valve interposed in the motive liuid conduit, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid after it has passed through the controlling valve.

(i7. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising trallic-conlrolling means located at a plurality of traflicconlrcliing points in proximi to a railway line, one or more controlling electric circuits in control of the trafficcontrolling means. at a given oneot' the traflic-controlling points a fluidprtssurc motive apparatus in actuative cooperation with the trzlflic-conl'rolliug means and also at such iven point a thermow-le ic energy-transmitting means arranged to suppl v cnerg 10 one of the controlling circuits. and also at the given tratliccontrolling point a source of heat arrai (I both to heat the motive fluid of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus and to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electric energy ransmuter.

t Railway ii'alilc-controlling apparatus comprising trathc-controlling means located at a plurality of tratliccontrolling points in proximity to a railway line, tratfie controlling circuits in control of the tratlic-controlliug means. at a given one of the traflic-controlling points fluid-pr ssure motive apparatus in actuative co-operation with the traflic-controlling means at such point, and also at. the given trafii .ontrolling point a thcrmo-electric energy-liransmuting apparatus including a source of thermal energy and arranged to deliver its surplus or nonutilized heat to the fluid-p 'e motive apparatus to warm the motive fluid ti 4 V nd arranged to deliver us energy to one of the tralli controlling circuits.

60. Railway signaling appa i tus comprising signalindicating mcans subject toactuation by converted thermal energy. a source ot thermal. energy. an energy-transnmter co-operative with the source of thermal energy to convert its energy into another form and co-operative with the signal-indicating means to effect actuation of the same. and another energy-transmuter co-organized with the source of thermal enei y and with the tirst energytransmuler to convert into another form the waste thermal energy not. converted by the tirst energy-transmuter. the second energv-l'ransmuter being also (to-operative with the signal-indicating means to supply actuativc energy thereto.

TU. Railway signaling app: ratns comprising signalindicating means. a source of thermal energy, and two energy-transmuters co-operative with he source of thermal energy to transmute its thermal energy, a given one -mechanical energytransmitting meansarranged to conv :enel-gy-transmuting means both operative by the source "U1 thermal energy and both in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means.

72. Railway-signaling apparatus comprising signal- ,indicating means, a source of thermal enegy, thermomechanical energy-transmuting means arranged to convert thermal ene'gy from'such source into mechanical energy for actuating the signal-indicating means, and

'thermo-electric energy-transmuting means arranged to :convert thermal energy from the source of thermal energy into electrical energy and arranged to supply electrical :energy for controlling the actuation of the signal-indicatj ing means.

73. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal- Eindicating means, a source of thermal energy, thermoelectric energy-transmuting means arranged to convert :thermal energy from such source into electrical energy land arranged to deliver such electrical energy to effect {actuation of the signal-indicating means, and thermomechanical energy-transmuting means arranged to convert the surplus thermal energy from the source of ther- ,mal energy not converted by the thermo-electric transmuting means and also arranged in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means.

' 74. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal :indicating means, a source of heat. a thermopile operatable by the source of heat and in actuative relation to the .signal-indicating means, and another energy-transmuting means also operatahle by the same source of heat and arranged to supply transmnted actuative energy to the. signal-indicating means.

75. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indi- -cating means, a source of heat, energy-transmuting means :operatable by the source of heat and arranged to supply transmuted actuative energy to the signal-indicating imeans. and a thermopile also operatable by the same :source of heat and arranged to supply electrical energy l for controlling the actuation of the signahindicating i means by the 'first mentioned energy-transmitting means.

l 76. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indil eating means, a source of heat, a thermopile operated by i the source of heat and in actuative relation to the signalindicating means, and thermo-mechanical energy-transmuting means arranged to transmute waste heat not converted by the thermopile and to supply actuative mechanical energy to the signal-indicating means.

77. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a source of heat, a thermopile operntable by the source of heat, another encrgy-transmuting means receiving surplus heat not utilized by the thermopile and arranged to deliver transmuted actuative energy to the signal-indicating means. the actuation of such signal-indi- 'cating means being the thermopile.

' 78. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means, a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus. a thermopile operatable by the same source of heat, and a controlling circuit arranged to receive energy from the thermopile and in control of the actuation of the signal-indicating means. I

79. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indr caring means, fluid-pressure motiye apparatus in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means, asource of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid ot the fluid-pressure motive apparatus, thermo -electric energy-transmuting means operatable by the same source of heat, and a controlling circuit arranged to receive energy from the thermo-electric energy-transmitter and in control of the actuation of the signal-indicating means.

S0. Railway signaling apparatus comprising railway controllable by electrical energy from signal-indicatlng means, llulu- A\....U, itus in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means, thermo-electric energy-transmutlng means including a source of heat and co-operative with the fluid-pressure motive apparatus to heat the motive fluid thereof by the non-utilized heat passing off from the thermo-electric transmuting means, and a controlling electric circuit in control of the actuation of the signal-indicating means and communicating with the thermo-electric transmuting means as a source of electrical energy.

81. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means and including a source of motive fluid and a motive chamber and a conduit affording communication between the two, a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid in the conduit. :1 thermopile operatable by the same source of heat, and a controlling electric circuit arranged to receive energy generated by the thermopile and disposed in controlling relation to the signal-indicating means.

82. Railway Signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means and including a source of motive fluid and a motive chamber and a conduit affording communication between the two, a source of heat arranged to heat the motive chamber, a thermopilc operatable by the same source of heat, and a controlling electric circuit arranged to receive energy generated by the thermopile and disposed in controlling relation to the signal-indicating means.

83. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means and including a source of motive fluid and a motive chamber and a conduit affording communication between the two, a source of heat arranged to heat the motive chamber and the motive fluid in the conduit, :1 thermopile operatable by the same source of heat, and a controlling electric circuit arranged to receive energy generated by the thermopile and disposed in controlling relation to the signal-indicating means.

84. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means and including a motive chamber, thermo-electric energy-transmuting means, a controlling electric circuit communicating with the thermo-electric energy-transmuter as a source of electricity and in control of the actuation of the signal-indicating means, and one source of heat to operate the thermoelectric energy-transmuting means and to heat the motive chamber.

85. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means and including a 'motive chamber, thermo-electric energytransmuting means, a controlling electric circuit communicating with the thermo-electric energy-transmuter as a source of electricity and in control of the actuation of the signal-indicating means, and one source of heat to operate the thermoelectric energy-transmuting means and to heat the motive chamber, and a casing inclosing the motive chamber.

86. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motiveapparatus in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means and including a motive chamber and a source of motive fluid and a mo tive fluid conduit leading from such source to such motive chamber, thermo-electric energy-transmuting means, an electric circuit communicating with such thermo-electric energy-transmuting means as a source of electrical energy and arranged in control of the actuation of the signal-indicating means, and one source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the energy-transmitting means and to heat a portion of the motive fluid conduit, and a casing inclosing the heated portion of the motive fluid conduit.

87. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indi- -cating means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation thereto and including a motive chamber and a source of motive fluid and a motive fluid conduit communicating between such source and chamber, a controlling electric circuit inconti'ol of the actuation of the signal indicating means, thermo electric energy transmuting means arranged to supply energy for the controlling circuit, a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the thermo-electric transmuter and for heating a portion of the motive fluid conduit and for heating the motive chamber, and casing walls inclosing the motive chamber and the heated portion of the motive fluid conduit.

88. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation thereto and including a motive chamber and a source of motive fluid and a motive fluid conduit communicating between such source and chamber, a controlling electric circuit in control of the actuation of the signalindicating means, thermo electric energy transmuting means arranged to supply energy for the controlling circuit, a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the thermo-electric transmuter and for heating a portion of the motive fluid conduit and for heating the motive chamber, and easing walls inclosing the thermoelectric energy-transmuter and the motive chamber and the heated portion of the motive fluid conduit.

89. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means disposed at a plurality of signal-indicating points along the railway line, thermal energytransmuting means in actuatlve relation to the signal-indicating means at a given one of the signal-indicating points, thermoelectric energy-transmutlng means at such given point arranged to supply actuative electrical energy to the signalindicating means at another polnt,'and a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the first mentioned actuative energy-transmuting means and to the thermoelectric energytransmuter.

90. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal indicating means disposed at a plurality of signal-indicating points along a railway line, thermal energy-transmuting means in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means at 'a given one of the signal-indicating points, a thermopile at such given point arranged to supply actuative electrical energy to the signal-indicating means at another point, and a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the first mentioned actuative energy-transmuting means and to the thermopile.

91. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signal-indicating points in proximity to a railway line, thermal energytransmuting apparatus in actuative relation to the signal indicating means at a given one of the signal-indicating points. another thermal energy-transmuting means in actuativc relation to the signal-indicating means at another one of the signal-indicating points, and a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to both energy-transmuting means.

92. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line, thermal energy-transmuting means in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means at a given one of the signaling points, another thermal energy-transmuting means arranged to supply actuative energy to the signal-indicating means at another one of the signaling points, and a source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to a given one of the energy-transmuting means. the other cnergy-transmutig means being arranged to receive the surplus thermal energy not utilized by the given energy-transmuting means.

93. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line, thermal energy-transmuting mo tive means in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means at a given one of the signaling points, a second thermal energy-transmuting means in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means at another one of the sig naiing points, and a source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the second energy-transmuting means, the first mentioned .energy-transmuting means being arranged to receive and transmute surplus thermal energy not utilized by the second energy-transmuter.

94. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line, thermal energy-transmuting means arranged-to supply actuative energy to the signallndieating means located at a given one of the signaling points, thermoelectric ene 'gy transmuting means arranged to supply actuative electrical energy to the signalindicating means located at another one of the signaling points, and a source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the thermo-electric energy-transmuting means. the first mentioned thermal energy-transmuting means being arranged to receive and transmute surplus thermal energy not utilized by the thermoelectric energy-transmuter.

95. Railway signaling :ipparatus comprising signal-indieating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line, thermal energy-transmuting means arranged to supply actuative energy to the signalindicating means located at a given one of the signaling points. a thermopile arranged to supply actuative electrical energy to the signal-indicating means located at another one of the signaling points. and a source of heat for supplying thermal energy to the thermopilc, the first mentioned thermal energy-transmuting means being arranged to re ceive and transmute thermal energy not utilized by the thermopile.

9('. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indr eating means located at a plurality of signaling points disposed in proximity to a railway line, actuative electric circuits in control of the signal-indicating means at the various signaling points. and at a given signaling point two thermo-electric transnmters. one arranged to supply electricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control of the signal-indicating means at the given point and the other' arranged to supply electricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control of the signal-indicating means at a another one of the signaling points. and a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to both the thermoelectric energy-transmuters.

97. Railway'signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signaling points disposed in proximity to a rail\v.-\ v line. actuative electric circuits in control of the signal-indicating means at the various signaling points. and at a given signaling point two thermopiles. one arranged to supply electricity to one of the circuits in actuative control of the signal-indicating means at the given point and the other arranged to supply electricity to an actuative circuitin actuative control of the signal-imlicating means at another one of the signaling points, and a common sourecot heat for supply ing thermal energy to both the thermopiles.

98. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signaling points disposed in proximity to a railwa line. actuative electric circuits in control of the signal-indicating means at the various signaling points. and at a given signaling point two thermoelectric transmutcrs. one arr.-inged to supply electricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control of the signal-indicating means at the given point and the other arranged to supply electricity to a controlling circuit in actuative control of the signal-indicating means at.

another one of the signaling points, a common source of heat for supplying thermal energy to 'both the thermoelectric energy-transmuters, and a casing inclosing both the thermo-electric energy-transmutcrs.

99. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indieating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line, at a given one of the signaling points a thermo-electric energy-transmuter arranged to deliver controlling electricity to the signal-indicating means at another signaling point and also at the given signaling point another thermo-elcctric energy-transmuter arranged to deliver controlling actuative electricity to the signal-indicating means at the given signaling point, and also at such given point a third thermal energy-transmutcr arranged to convert thermal energy into motive en ergy and to deliver such motive energy to the signalindicatiug means at the given point. and at such given signaling point a source of heat common to both the thermoelectric energy-transmitters and to the third thermal energy-transmuter.

100. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-in- .dicating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line, controlling electric circuits in controlling relation to the signal-indicating means, at a given one of the signaling points a thermo-electric energy-transmitting means arranged to deliver energy to one of the controlling electric circuits and also at such given signaling point a second thermal energy-transmuter adapted to convert thermal energy into motive energy and to deliver such motive energy to the signal-indicating means at such given point, and also at such given point a common source of heat arranged to deliver thermal energy both to the thermo-electric energy-transmuting means and to the second thermal energy-transmitter.

101. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line, controlling electric circuits in controlling relation to the signal-indicating means,

at a given one of the signaling points a thermopile arranged to deliver energy to one of the controlling electric circuits and also at such given signaling point a second thermal energy-transmuter adapted to convert thermal energy into motive energy and to deliver such motive energy to the signal-indicating means at such given point, and also at such given point a common source of heat arranged to deliver thermal energy both to the thermopile and to the second thermal energ -transmuter.

102. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line, controlling electric circuits in controlling relation to the slgnalindicating means, at a given one of the signaling points a thermo-electric energytransmuting means arranged to deliver energy to one of the controlling electric circuits and also at such given signaling point a second thermal energy-transmuter adapted to convert thermal energy into motive-energy and to deliver such motive energy to .the signal-indicating means at such given point, and also at such given point a source of heat arranged to deliver thermal energy to the thermoelectric energy-transmitting means, the second thermal energy-transmuter being arranged to receive and transmute the surplus thermal energy not utilized by the thermoelectric energy-transmuting means.

103. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line, controlling electric circuits in controlling relation to the signal-indicating means. at a given one of the 'signaling points a thermopile arranged to deliver energy to one of the controlling electric circuits and also at such given signaling point a second thermal energy-transmuter adapted to convert thermal energy into motive energy and to deliver such motive energy to the signal-indicating means at such given point, and also at such given point a source of heat arranged to deliver thermal energy to the thermopile, the second thermal energy-transmuter being arranged to receive and transmute the surplus thermal energy not utilized by the thermopile.

104. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motive means in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means and including an electrically controllable controlling valve, a controlling electric circuit in controlling relation to the controlling valve, a thermoelectric energy-transmuter arranged to deliver electrical energy to the controlling circuit, and a source of thermal energy for the thermo-electric energytransmuter.

105. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-in dicating means, fluid-pressure motive means in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means, and including an electrically controllable controlling valve, a controlling electric circuit in controlling relation to the controlling valve, a thermopile arranged to deliver electrical energy to the controlling circuit, and a source of thermal energy for the thermopile.

106. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation thereto and including an electrically controllable controlling valve in controlling relation to the motive apparatus, a controlling electric circuit in control of the controlling valve, a thermo-electric energy-transmuting means arranged to deliver electrical energy to the controlling circuit, and a common source of heat arranged to sup- 2 ply thermal energy to the thermo-elect c energy-transmuter and to heat the motive fluid of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus.

107. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signalindicatiug means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid, and fluid-pressure energy-transmuting means constituting a motor proper in actuative re lation to the signal-indicating means and a motive fluid conduit leading from the source of motive fluid to the motor proper and an electrically controllable controlling valve interposed in such conduit, a controlling electric circuit in control of the electrically controllable controlling valve, thermo-electric energy-transmutingmeans arranged to supply electricity to the controlling circuit, and a common source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electric energy-transmuter and to heat the motive fluid in'the motive fluid conduit.

10S. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid and fluid-pressure energy-trans muting means constituting a motor proper in actuative re lation to the signal-indicating means and a motive fluid conduit leading from the source of motive fluid to the motor proper and an electrically controllable controlling valve interposed in such conduit, a controlling electric circuit in control of the electrically controllable controlling valve, thermo-electric "ergy-transmuting means arranged to supply electricity to the controlling circuit, and a common source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thcrmo-electric euerg -transmuter and to heat the motive fluid conduit at a point between its controlling valve and the motor proper.

109. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-in dicating means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid and fluid-pressure energy-transmuting means constituting a motor proper in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means and a motive fluid conduit leading from the source of motive fluid to the motor proper andan electrically controllable controlling valve interposed in such conduit, a controlling electric circuit in control of the electrically controllable controlling valve, thcrmo-electric energy-transmuting means arranged to supply electricity to the controlling circuit, and a source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electric enrgy-trausmuting means, the motive fluid conduit being arranged to be heated by surplus heat not converted by the thermo-electric cnergy-transmuter.

110. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-in dicating means, fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid and fluid-pressure energy-transmuting means constituting a motor proper in actuativc relation to the signal-indicating means and a motive fluid conduit leading from the source of motive fluid to the motor proper and an electrically controllable controlling valve interposed in such conduit, a controlling electric circuit in control of the electrically controllable controlling valve, thermo-electric energy-trausmuting means arranged to supply electricity to the controlling circuit, and a source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy to the thermoelectric energy-transmuting means, the motive fluid conduit having a portion between its controlling valve and the motor proper arranged to be heated by surplus heat not utilized by the thermoelectric energy-transmuting means. 4

111. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-in dicating means located at a plurality of signaling points disposed in proximity to a railway line, one or more signaling circuits in control of the signal-indicating means, a conserver of electrical energy arranged to deliver electricity to one of the signaling circuits, at a given one of the signaling points a thermo-electric energy-transmuter ar ranged to transmute thermal energy into electrical energy and to charge such conserver of electricity, also at such given signaling point a second thermal energy-transmuting means arranged to deliver actuative energy to the signalindicating means at such given point, and also at such given point a common source of thermal energy for-both the thermo-electric energ -transmuter and for the second thermal energ -transmuter.

112. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signalin dicating means located at a'plurality of signaling points disposed in proximity to a railway line, one or more signaling circuits in control of the signal-indicating means, a storagebattery of electrical energy arranged to deliver electricity to one of the signaling circuits, at a given one of the signaling points a thermopile arranged to transmute thermal energy into electrical energy and to charge such storage battery of electricity, also at such given signaling point a second thermal energy-transmuting means arranged to deliver actuative energy to the signal-indicating means at such given point, and also at such given point a. common source of thermal energy for both the thermopile and for the second thermal energy-transmuter.

113. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, actuative means therefor comprising thermal energy-transmuting means to convert thermal energy into motive energy for the signal-indicating means, a sig naling electric circuit in control of the actuation of the signal-indicating means, a source of electrical energy for the controlling circuit, a thermo-electric energy-transmuter arranged to charge the source of electricity, and a common source of heat arranged to supply thermal energy both to the thermo-electric energy-transmuter and to the first mentioned thermal energy-transmuting means.

114. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motive means in actuative co-operation therewith, a motive fluid conduit leading to the motive means, a source of motive fluid for the conduit, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid conduit.

115. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid pressure motive means in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means, a source of motive fluid for the conduit, a controlling valve interposed in the conduit, and a source of heat arranged to heat the conduit and the motive fluid therein at a point between its controlling valve and the fluid-pressure motive means.

116. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, fluid-pressure motive means in actuatlve co-operation with the signal-indicating means, a source of motive fluid, a conduit leading from such.source to the motive means, a source of heat arranged to heat a portion of the motive fluid conduit, and a casing surrounding the heated portion thereof.

117. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-im dicating means, a source of heat, fluidepressure motive means in actuative co-operation with the signal-indicating means, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid conduit leading from such source to the motive means and including one or more convolutions arranged to be heated by the source of heat.

11S. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a source of heat, fluid-pressure motive means in actuative co-operation with the signal-indicating means, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid conduit leading from such source to the motive means and including a heating coil arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and a casing inelosing the heating coil.

119. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a source of heat, fluid-pressure motive means, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid conduit leading from such source to the motive means and including one or more convolutions arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and a controlling valve interposed in the motive fluid conduit between its source of motive fluid and its heating convolutions.

120. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a source of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative co-operation with the signal-indicating means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and a source of motive fluid communicating with the motive chamber.

121. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a source of heat, a fluid-pressure" motive chamber in actuative co-operation with the signal-indicating means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat, a casing inclosing the motive chamber, and a source of motive fluid communicating with the motive chamber.

122. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a source of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative relatio'n to the signal-indicating means and disposed above the source of heat and having its lower side open so that both its outer and its inner walls may be heated by the source of heat.

123. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a source of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative eo-opcration with the signahindicating means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat, a source of motive fluid communicating with the motive chamber and means for controlling such communication between the source of motive fluid and the motive chamber.

124. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a source of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative co-operation with the signal-indicating means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat, a motive fluid conduit leading to the motive chamber and also arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and a source of motive fluid communicating with the motive fluid conduit.

125. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means. a source of heat, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuativc co-operation with the signal-indicat: ing means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat, a motive fluid conduit leading to the motive chamber and also arranged to be heated by the source of heat, a source of motive fluid communicating with the motive fluid conduit, and inclosing walls surrounding the motive chamber and the heated portion of the motive fluid conduit.

12G. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a source of heat. a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative co-operation with the signal-indicating means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat. a source of motive fluid. a motive fluid conduit leading from such source to the motive chamber and including a portion arranged to be heated by the source of heat. and a controlling valve interposed in the motive fluid conduit.

127. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signalindicating means. a source of heat. a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative co-operation with the signal-indicating means and arranged to be heated by the source of heat. a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid conduit leading from such source to the motive chamber and including a portion arranged to be heated by the source of heat, and

a controlling valve interposed in the motive fluid conduit between its heated portion and its source of motive fluid.

12S. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line. one or more controlling electric circuits in control of the signal-indicating means, at a given one of the signaling points fluid-pressure motive apparatus in uetuative relation to the signal-indicating means at such given point, a source of motive fluid communicating with the fluidpressure motive means through suitable pressureu'educing means. at the given signaling point thcrmo-electric energy-transim1ting means arranged to supply energy to one of the. signaling circuits, and also at such given signaling point a common source of heat arranged both to heat the fluid-pressure motive apparatus and to supply thermal encrgvtransmuter.

129. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line. one or more controlling electric circuits in control of the signabindicating means, at a given one of the signaling points fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means at such point. a motive fluid reservoir communicating with the fluid-pressure motive apparatus, a source of motive fluid communicating with the reservoir through suitable pressure-reduring means. at the given signaling point a thermo-electric encrgy-transmuting means arranged to supply energy to one of the signaling circuits, and also at the given signaling point a common source of heat arranged both to heat the fluid-pressure motive apparatus and to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electric energvtransmuter.

130. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a fluid-pressure motive. chamber, a source of motive fluid, a reservoir for motive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid through suitable pressurereducing means, a motive fluid conduit leading from the reservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid after it has passed from the reservoir.

131. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a fluid-pressure motive chamber, a source of motive fluid, a reservoir for motive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid through suitable pressurereducing means, a motive fluid conduit leading from the reservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid conduit.

132. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a fluid-pressure motivechamber, a source oi? motive fluid, a reservoir for motive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid through suitable pressurereducing means, a motive fluid conduit leading from the reservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive chamber.

133. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a fluid-pressure motive chamber, a source of motive fluid, a reservoir for motive fluid communicating with the source of motive fluid through suitable pressurereducing means, a motive fluid conduit leading from the reservoir to the motive chamber, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid conduit and the motive chamber.

134. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means, a fluid-pressure motive chamber in actuative relation thereto, a source of motive fluid, a motive fluid reservoir communicating with the source of motive fluid through suitable pressure-reducing means, a motive fluid conduit leading from the motive fluid reservoir to the fluid-pressure motive chamber, a controlling valve interposed in the motive fluid conduit, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid after it has passed through the controlling valve.

135. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line, one or more controlling electric circuits in control of the signal-indicating means, at a given one of the signaling points a fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative co-operation with the signal-indicating means and also at such given point a thermo electric energy transmuting means arranged to supply energy to one of the controlling circuits, and also at the given signaling point a source of heat arranged both to heat the motive fluid of the fluid-pressure motive apparatus and to supply thermal energy to the thermo-electric energy-transmuter.

136. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means located at a plurality of signaling points in proximity to a railway line, signaling circuits in con trol of the signal-indicating means, at a given one of the signaliig points fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative co-operation with the signal-indicating means at such point, and also at the given signaling point a thermoelectric energy-transmuting apparatus including a source of thermal energy and arranged to deliver its surplus or non-utilized heat to the fluid pressure motive apparatus to warm the motive fluid thereof and arranged to deliver its energy to one of the signaling circuits.

137. Railway trailic-controlling apparatus comprising tratfic-controlling means located at a fixed traflic-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control of tralfic along the track, and fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative co-organization with the traffic-controlling means and including a source of motive fluid, a motive chamber communicating therewith and arranged to convert the expansive energy of the motive fluid into mechanieal energy for actuating the traific-controlling means, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid of the motive apparatus.

138. Railway traffic-controlling apparatus comprising tratiic-controlling means located at a fixed traflic-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control ot traflic along the track, and fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of motive fluid, a motive expansion chamber communicating with the source of motive fluid and in actuative relation to the traffic-controlling means, means for controlling communication between the source of motive fluid and the motive expansion chamber, and a source of heat arranged tohcat the motive fluid of the motive apparatus.

' fluid of the motive apparatus.

140. Railway traflic-controlling apparatus comprising traffic-controlling means located at a fixed traflic-controlling point on a railway track and arranged in control of traffic along the track, and fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of pressure fluid, a pressure-fluid reservoir communicating with the source of pressure fluid through suitable pressure-reducing means, a motive chamber communicating with the pressure-fluid reservoir and arranged in actuative relation to the traihc-controiiing means, and a source of heat arrangedto heat the pressure fluid of the motive apparatus.

141. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-in- (licating means and fluid-pressure motive apparatus in actuative co-organization with the signai-indicating means and including a source of motive fluid, a motive chamber communicating therewith and arranged to convert the expansive energy of the motive fluid into mechanical energy [or actuating the signal-indicating means, and a source of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid otthe motive apparatus.

of heat arranged to heat the motive fluid of the motive apparatus.

143. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-1m dicating means and fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of pressure fluid, a pressure-fluid reservoir communicating with the source of pressure fluid through suitable pressure-reducing means, a motive chamber communicating with the pressure-fluid rgservoir and arranged in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means, and a source of heat arranged to heat the pressure fluid of the motive apparatus.

144. Railway signaling apparatus comprising signal-indicating means and fluid-pressure motive apparatus including a source of'pressure fluid, a pressurefluid reservoir communicating with the source of pressure fluid through suitable pressure reducing means, a motive chamber communicating with the pressuiefluid reservoir and arranged in actuative relation to the signal-indicating means, and a source .of heat arranged to heat the pressure fluid of the motive apparatus.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

CLYDE J. COLEMAN.

Witnesses ALBERT V. '1. DAY, Hnxnr BARNES.

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