US857132A - Dynamo-electric machine. - Google Patents

Description

110. 857,132. 7 PATENTBD JUNE 18, 1907. J. R. WESZELINOVITS.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 14.1906.

4 sums-sum 2.

J. R. WESZELINOVITS.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAGHINE.

APPLIUATIOH FILED JULY 14. 1908.

flf/ 4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

No. 857,132. PATENTED JUNE 18; 1907. J. R. WESZELINOVITS.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MAGHINE.

APPLIUATIOI FILED JULY14,1906.

4 BHEETB- -BHEET 4'.

-' 'JOSEPII R."WESZEIJINOVITS,"OF'CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

- "D'YNAMO ELECTRIO MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 18 1907.

Applicatlonflled- July 14,1906. Saris-1N0. 826,212.

ment in Dynamo-Electric Machines, of which,

the following is a specification.

My invention relates to dynamo electric machines especially constant potential, com-- pound wound current generators, and. the object of the invention is to provide a constant potential machine which may be operated at a reduced speed when the demands upon it are lessened.

The invention also relates to motors, and the object of the invention in this connection is to provide a motor in which the speed will remain constant or, if desired, increase with increased load. v

I obtain my object by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a view partaking of the nature ofiboth a diagrammatic and a physical representation of a bi olar dynamo embodying my invention. he ole pieces and commutators are physical y represented, but it will be understood that the armature coils are spread out circumferentially over a much greater distance than they would be in an actual machine. In practice they are much more condensed so that both the main and auxiliary coils may simultaneously occupy practically the same (position in the magnetic field. Figs. 2 an 3 are purely diagrammatic views showing the arrangement of the windings and the connections to the com-.

mutators and to the exterior circuit. Fig. 3 shows in full lines the path of the current generated by the main coils of the armature while themaohine is running at full speed. In Fig. 2 the machine is running at a somewhat reduced speed. In Figs. 2 and ,3 a hand regulator 1s shown as it better illustratesthe theory of operation. Fig. 4 is a central sectional elevation of a dynamo illustrating the invention. Fig. v5 is an end elevation of a portion of the machine indicating the construction of the 're ulator. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section ta 'en on line 66 Fig. 5. Fi 7. shows a modified form of regulator adapted 'for a multipolar machine. Fig. 8is an end view of an armature and regulator designed for use in a motor embodying my invention. Fig. 9 1s a diagrammatic view of the connections employed in such motor.

'Similar numerals and letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

8, 9, represent the poles or held magnets of a two pole generator, a two pole machine being here selected because of its simplicity of construction and the fact that it may be more easily described. ,It will be understood, however, that in practice the machines are ordinarily multipolar; The said magnets are mounted upon any suitable frame 10 which supports the armature shaft 11 which may be driven by means of pulley 12 or otherwise.

The armature which is designated in general in Fig. 4 by the numeral 13 is constructed upon the theory illustrated dia grammatically in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive. Said armature comprises the two main coils designated generally by the letters a and l), and a corresponding number of auxiliary coils designated generally by the letters 0 and 11.

Referring first to Fig. 1, the end a of coil a is connected to the lus segment a of the main commutator, w iile the enda of said coil is connected to the end (1' of the auxiliary coil d. Coils a and d are, in reality, continuous, being wound in the same direction, so that one will assist the other in the induction of current. It will be nderstood that in practice coils a and (i will be wound close together or will even be superimposed one upon the other, so that they may extend over a small s ace circumferential ly in the armature, am therefore occupy, at any given moment, practically the same portion of the magnetic held. In practice, also, it is desirable that the coil a consist of hea wire and that the auxiliary coil d consist of heavy wire at the end d and fine wire at the 0 pcsite end d. The coils between the cm s d and d should he graduated so that the change from the heavy wire atthe end d to. light wire at the end (1 will be gradual. The opposite side of the armature is wound in a similar manner, the rinciplal coil 11 being connected at the end to t ment f of the main commutator, while the end I) of said coil is connected to the end 0 of the auxiliary commutator coil 0. The other .ends 4: and d of the auxiliary commutator .coils are connected respectively to the positlve and negative segments 9 and h o the auxiliary commutator.

In the armature there are two rows of con- 0 negative segtact-points which are designated in general by thereference letters 'i and j as-shown in Figs. 1, 4 and 6. The contact-point 'i at one end of the row '1'. is connected to the coil (1, at the point of union with coil a, while the contact-point i 'at'the other end of said row is connected to the end turn (1 of the auxiliary coil d. The contact-points between the ends '5 and i of the row are connected to intermediate turns of the auxiliary coil (1. In a similarmanner the contactoint j at one end of the row is connecte to the coils b 1 to themain commutator segment f has a free extremity adapted to move over the row of contact points 'i, while on the other side of the armature a variable conductor y which has a free extremity adapted to move over the row of contact points j, is permanently connected to the segment e of the main commutator. The main brushes E and F contact'the segments e and f respectively, while the brushes G and H contact the segments 9 and h respectively, of the auxiliary commutator. Brush E is connected through the conductor e to the side E of theload circuit after passing through a series exciting coil E (see Figs. 2, 3, .The other side F (Fig. 1) is connected to brush F through the conductor f. The auxiliary brushes G and H are connected through the conductors gand h, res 'ectively, in series to the exciting coil whic consists preferably of many turns of fine wire.

As above indicated, the variable extremities of conductors as and y are adapted to be moved over the rows of contact points i j, and the construction is such that when the -machine is running at full and normal s eed, the movable ends of said conductors wil connect with the contact-points t" and 7', re-

' spectively, but when the machine is running at its lowest limit, said ends will connect with the contact-points i and 7' respectively. At intermediate s eeds, said movable ends occu y interme late ositions. From this it fol ows that when t e machine is runnin at -full speed, the auxiliary coils c and d wil be Referring more particularly to Figs. 4, and 6, a disk 14 carrying two segments. 15 is located at the side of the armature, which is represented in general by the reference numeral 13. Arranged in a quadrant of a circle in one of said segments are the contact points 7' above mentioned, with the contact point 7" at the end farthest from the axis of shaft 1 1 and the point 3' at the end nearest to said shaft. In a similar manner the contact points i are arranged in a quadrant upon the other one of segments 15 A controller weight-arm 1 6 is pivoted to segments 15 at lugs 17 which are ocated at the center of the circle of contact (points/i and j. Arms 18 are rigidly connecte with arms 16 and carry at their free extremity friction rollers 19 ada ted to press upon the washer 20 which is sli able lengthwise upon shaft 11, as shown indetail inhig.7.

A compression sprin 21 is interposed between washer 20 and t eccollar 22 which is adjustable upon shaft 11 b means of the setscrew 23, or otherwise. he parts are so arranged that whenat-full speed the weightarms- 16 tend to arrange themselves at right angles to the axis of shaft 11, they willmove to a'position where they will make contact with points i and j, overcoming the pressure of spring 21. When however, the speed decreases to a minimum, said springs will overcome the centrifugal action in arms 16, and will tend to swing them more nearly parallel with the axis of shaft 11, so that said arms will be in contact with the points 'i" and j at the opposite end of the rows. The inner end of an arm 16 is designed to be connected with the conductor y (Fig. 1) and the inner end of theother arm to conductor m. In the operation of the governor, therefore, a high speed of rotation wilLswing arms 16 to contactpoints 'i and j which will cut-out auxiliary coils c and d as far as the main commutator is concerned, while a reduction in speed will permit the s ring 21 to swing the governor arms 16 in t e opposite direction and cut in more and more turns of coils c and d in proportion as the speed decreases. In operation, to trace the pathof the'various currents,'themain armature coils a and b, and

more or less of the auxiliary coils c and d are in parallel with the main commutator segments e and From the main segments the circuit is, 0 course, completed through the exterior line, which in the case of a generator is a consumption or load circuitand in the case of a motor, a supply circuit. When the machine is compound wound, as illustrated,

the circuit outside of the main brushes will also include the series excitingcoil E". The path of the main including current at an intermediate s eed is indicated in hea lines in Fig. 1 an 'at full speed in heavy lines in flows through the main armature coils and more or less of the auxiliary coils, de ending upon the speed of the machine. he current generated in the auxiliary coils beyond the point ot'" connection with the variable conductors a: and y, is in the nature of an additional current for additionally exciting coil k'. In other words, coil/c always hasan additional number of turns (in the auxiliary coils) acting to generate current for it.

1.1. will be noted that so far as the current passing through the auxiliary brushes G and 11 is concerned it always travels through the entire length of both main and auxiliary coils; Thus the number ol active turns so far as the auxiliary commutator is concerned is constant and consequently the greater the speed of the machine, the greater will be the exciting cll'ect oi the shunt coil Ir, which derives its current from the auxiliary commutator. in brief therefore, when the speed of rotation is reduced, the numberof acting turns leadin to the main commutator for impressing It M, F to the main line is increased, but the number of turns leading through the auxiliary commutator to the exciting coil remains the same. though the increasing of the number of acting turns in circuit with the main commutatorwouldtend to increase the E M F, such E M F'does as a matter of fact remain constant by reason of the fact that the s I eed of rotation of the armature is decrease for it is evident that the reduction in speed not only decreases the field strength but decreases the induction (owing also to decreased rotation of the main-coils) and also increasesthe internal resistance of the armature by reason of the increased number of acting turns in circuit with the main conmutator. A dynamo constructed upon this principle will therefore give a constant voltage but may be run at a reduced speedwhen the demands upon it are lessened.

Althou h in Fi s. 4, 5 and 6 a bipolar machine is il ustrater a machine having a 'much larger number of poles may be regulated by 'means of a governor only slightly modified.

In Fig. 7; a suitable modified governor is shown, it having a plurality of concentric rows k. m, n, 0, of contact oints instead of' the sing e row 9'. By emp oying four segments 15, and thus placing a }plurality of contact points on each, a mac ine having fifty or more auxiliary coils-may be governed.

Now, al.

It will he understood that this invention is applicable to direct current motors as well as generators, and a motor embodying this invention is illustrated in Figs. 8 and 9. Re ferring to Fig. 9, which shows diagrammatically the connections for a two pole motor, a and I) represent the main commutator coils, as before, c and d represent the auxiliary coils, c and f the main commutator segments, 9 and It theauxiliary' commutator segments, 11 and 7' the rows of contact points connected to different portions of coils c and d. a: and

,y represent the variable conductors which are connected to the main commutator segments 0 andfasbefore. The manner of connection of the'auxiliary coils c and d however, differs from the connection in the generator in that the auxiliary commutator segments 9 and h are connected through the points if and 7' to the contact points i and y" nearest to the main coils a and b instead of to the points i and as in the generator. The governor is so arranged that as the drag on the inotor'shaft due to increased load increasesit Will throw'conductors m and y toward ends 'i' and j of the row of contact points 'i and j, and, as the drag increases, to-

ward ends i and 7' Thus as the drag increases-the auxiliary coils c and (Z will be pro portionately cut out of circuit. With this rind of connections the current entering from the positive one P of the two supply mains N and P will,pass through segment 6 and conductor y through more or less of coil 0 depending respectively as the load on the machine decreases or increases. At point j the current will divide, to be reunited at point i, one path being through coil or, another through coil 1) and another through the auxiliary commutator segments 9 and I2 and exciting coil 7c. pass through more or less of coil d, depend mg upon whether the load'upon the mac une decreases or increases. From coil (1 the current flows through conductor a: and segment f to the supply main N'. Thus it will be seen that increasing the load (which decreases the number of auxiliary turns of coil in action.)

decreases the resistance in circuit with the exciting coil 1c and hence increases the currents through it and correspondingly 1ncreases the field. At the same time, the cutting out of the resistance increases the current in the main armature coils a and b. Consequently as the load increases, the field strength becomes greater and also the current consumed inthe main coils becomes greater, thus greater tor ue at the same or greater speed. A suitab e form of regulator for a inotor having this winding 1s shown in Fig. 8. Here the disk 14 Wh1ch forms a part of the armature and revolves with it, is loose upon shaft 11. The tor ue of the armature is imparted to said shaft y means of springs 24' which are attached at From point i the current will IlO ll's

, bination, with the field ma one end to said disk and at the other to arms 25, 26 rigidly secured tosaid shaft. Arranged concentrically with shaft 11 in such position that arms 25, 26' will pass over them are the rows of contact points i and 9' above described. Said arms have upon them suitable conductors, not shown, connecting them to the main commutator segments e andfrcspectively. They correspond therefore to the arms :0 and shown in the diagrammatic view Fig. 9. T e contact points 'i and jare at the end of the row farthest ahead, considering the direction of rotation of the armature, indicated by the arrow Fig. 8Q

In the operation of the regulator when the load on the motor is light, and the backward drag of shaft 11 is least, spring 24 will be only lightly strained and said arms will come to a balance over contact points i j but as the load increases, the shaft and arms thereon will drag farther behind, thereby stretching the springs and causing the arms 25 and 26'to slip back toward the end i and y" of the rows of contact points.

1. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination, with the field magnets of an-arma ture winding having two kinds of connections, one an invariable connection always including the same number of conductor turns and leading to the field magnets for exciting them, and the other a variable connection including a variable number of conductor turns for delivering current to the load circuit.

2. In a dynamo electric machine, the comets of an armature winding havin two 'nds of connections, one an invariable connection always including the same number of conductor turns and leading to the field magnets for exciting them, and the other a variable connection including a variable number of cond uctor turns for delivering current to the load circuit and means for varying the number of conductor turns in the armature acting to deliver current to the load circuit. 1

3. In a dynamo electric machine,-the combination, with the field ma ets of an armature winding having two inds of connections, one an invariable connection always including the same number of conductor turns and leading to the field magnets for exciting them, and the other a variable connection including a variable number of conductor turns connected 'to the exterior circuit, the number of turns acting upon the exterior circuit depending upon the speed of the dynamo-or the load of the motor, the greater the speed or'load the less the number of act-.

ing turns and vice versa. a

4. In a d namo electric machine, the combination, with the field magnets of an armature winding having a main and an auxiliary coil connected together in series, each 0011 comprising a plurality of turns of a suitable conductor; two kinds of connections to said armature winding, one an invariable connection always including all of the turns of both main and auxiliary coils, and the other a variable connection and always including the principal coil and more or less of the auxiliary coil, depending respectively as the speed of the machine decreases or ncreases, the invariable connection leading'to the field magnets for exciting them, and the variable connection leading to the load circuit, and means for varying said variable connection.

5. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination, with the field magnets of an armature winding having a main and an auxiliary coil connected together in series, each coil comprising a plurality of turns of a suitable conductor;.and two kinds of connections to said armature winding, one an invariable connection always including all of the turns of both main and auxiliary coils, and the other a variable connection and always including the principal coil and more or less of the auxiliary coil, depending respectively as the speed of the machine decreases or increases, the invariable connection leading to the field magnets for exciting them, and the variable connection and always includingthe principal coil and more or less of the auxiliary coil, depending respectively as the speed of the machine decreases or increases, the invariable connection leading sto the field magnets for exciting them, and the variable connectionleading to the load circuit and an automatic governorfor varying said variable connection.

7. .In a dynamo electric machine, the combination, with the field magnets of an armature winding having a main and an auxiliary coil connected together in series, each coil too comprising a pluralityof turns of -a suitable conductor; two kinds of connections to said armature winding, one an invariable connection always including all of the turns of both main and auxiliary coils, and the other a variable connection and always including the principal coil and more or less of the auxiliar coil, de ending respectively as the s eed o the macliine decreases or increases, t e invariable connection leading to the field magnets for exciting them, and the variable connection leading to the load circuit; and

a fly ball overnor for automatically varying said varia le conductor.

8. In a dynamo electric machine, the comone an invariable connection always including the same number of conductor turns and leading to the iield magnets ior exciting them, and the other a variable connection including a variable number of conductor turns for delivering current to the load circuit, said variable and invariable connections having conductor turns in common.

9. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination,with the field magnets 01' an armature winding having two kinds of connections, one an invariable connection always including the same number of conductor turns and leading to the iield magnets ior exciting them, and the other a variable connection including a variable number of conductor turns for delivering current to the load circuit, said variable and invariable connections having conductor turns in common and said variable connections always comprising a portion of said invariable connections.

10. A dynamo having a closed coil armature with a variable number of turns constituting the main inducing coils, and auxiliary coils for exciting the fields.

1 1. A dynamo having a main commutator, connected to the main line terminals, an auxiliary commutator connected to the" holdexciting coil a iixed number of armature turns in circuit with said auxiliary commutator, and a variable number of armature turns in circuit with said main commutator.

12. A dynamo having field magnets, a

. main commutator whose brushes connect with the main line, terminals, an auxiliary commutator whose brushes connect with the field exciting coil, an armature coil connected to the segments of'said auxiliary commutator, and means for throwing more'or less of said armature coil into connection with the segments of said main commutator. V

13. A dynamo having field magnets, a

main commutator, whose brushes connect with the main line terminals an auxiliary commutator whose brushes connect with the field exciting coil, an armature coil connected to the segments of said auxiliary commutator, and a centrifugal governor for throwing more or less of said armature coil into connection with the segments of said connected to the segments of said auxiliary commutator, and means for throwing more or less of said armature coil into connection with the segments of said main commutator,

15. A dynamo having iield magnets, a

main commutator, whose brushes connect with the main line terminals an auxiliary commutator whose brushes connect with the hold exciting coil, an armature 0011 connected to the segments of said auxiliary commutator, a row of contact points connected with diil'erent portions of said'armature coil and a controller for connecting the main commutator segments with different ones of said contact points.

16. A dynamo having field ,magnets, a main commutator, whose brushes connect with the main line terminals an auxiliary commutator whose brushes connect with the lield exciting coil, an armature coil connected to the segments of said auxiliary commutator, a row of contact points connected with diil'erent portions of said armature coil, a controller for connecting the main commutator segments with diii'erent, ones of said contact points and self operating means for operating said controller.

17. A dynamo having field magnets, a main commutator, whose brushes connect with the main line terminals an auxiliary commutator whose brushes connect with the field exciting coil, an armature coil connected to the segments of said auxiliary commutator, a row of contact points connected with diii'erent portions of said armature coil, a controller for connecting the main commutator segments with different ones of said contact points, a controller for connecting the -main commutator segments with difl'erent ones of said contact points, and a centrifugal device for operating said controller.

18. A constant potential, variable speed electric generator having a sin le armature consisting of main coils and ad itienal turns of conductor connected to the end of each of said main coils an exciting coil in series with the main coils and all of their additional turns, and load brushes adapted to be con nected in series with all of-said main armature coils and a varying. number of said additional coils.

19. In a dynamo electric machine, the combination, with the field magnets of an armature winding having a main and an auxiliary coil connected together in series, each coil com rising a plurality of turns of a suit able con uctor; and twokinds of connections to said armature windin one an invariable connection always inclu ing all of the turns of both main and auxiliary coils, and the other a variable connection and always including the principal coil and more or less of the auxiliary coil, and a governor for controlling the variable connection.

20. Ina dynamo electric machine, a main and an auxiliarycc mmutator, an exciting coil connected to said auxiliary commutator, and armature coils connected in series with said auxiliary commutator, a portion of said armature coils being connected in parallel between different segments of said main commutator.

21. In a dynamo electric machine a main and an auxiliary commutator, and armature coils connected in series with said auxiliary commutator, a variable amount of said armature coils being connected in parallel between different segments of said main commutator and an exciting coil connected to said auxiliary commutator.

22. In a dynamo electric machine a main and an auxiliary commutator, armature coils connected in. series with said auxiliary commutator and a variable amount of said armature coils being connected in parallel between different segments of said main commutator, an excltlng coil connected to said auxiliary commutator and means for varying the amount of said armature which is in parallel between the segments of the main commutator.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto. subscribed my name in the presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH R. WESZELINOVITS.

Witnesses:

HOWARD M. Cox, CLARA J. CIIRIS'IOFFEL.

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