US856150A - Method of radiating electromagnetic waves. - Google Patents

Description

No. 856,156. PATENTEYD JUNE 4, 1907.

P. 0. HEWITT. METHOD OF RADIATING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

APPLICATION FILED 311120.1904. RENEWED FEB. 21.1907- Q vi/bneoow 511 1 0 6111 66 W Hua- WW 3513 urtomml UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PETER COOPER HEWITT,- OF NEW YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR TO COOPER HEWITT ELECTRIC COMPANY, OF N EWYORK, N. Y., CORPORATION OF NEW YORK.

METHOD OF RADIATING ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented. June 4, 1907.

Application filed January 20, 1904. Renewed Pebruary 21, 1907. Serial No- 358fl25.

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Be it known that 1,, PETER COOPER HEWITT, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of New York, county of New York,

new and useful Improvements in Methods of Radiating Electromagnetic Waves, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to certain improvements in the construction, organization and method of operation of wireless telegraphy and kindred apparatus. Heretofore it has been customary to employ as a radiating circuit some form of extended conductor usually projected into the air, from which the energy is radiated in the form of electric waves, such extended conductor being repeatedly charged with high electrical potentials.

My invention relates particularly to a novel form of radiating circuit. While the exact theory of operation of the usualform of aerial radiator may not be absolutely determined, yet it seems probable that the waves of electric potentials towhich the conductor is subjected, project into space waves which may be due to the magnetic field established in the neighborhood of the conductor by the electric currents in the conductor. The direction of such magnetic field induced by a vertical conductor would be in a horizontal plane, and the distribution of theresultant Waves of stress would then be such as would result from such field primarily generated in a horizontal direction. More generally stated, any straight wire, whatever its direction, when energized by oscillatory currents of a time period equal to the natural time period of said wire, generates a field of force whose magnetic lines lie in.

planes perpendicular to said wire, the elec-v trostatic lines lylng at right angles to the magnetic lines, in planes substantially radial to the wire. The direction and length of such straight wire determine the direction and distribution in space of the electrostatic lines as longitudinal of the wire.

One of the purposes of my invention is to secure a field of force having primarily a dircction such that the direction and space distribution of the magnetic and electrostatic lines of force with respect to the length of the generating conductor or radiator, are

reversed so that the magneticlines extend the entire length of the radiator and tend to lie in the radial planes passing through the axis of the radiator, while the electrostatic State of New York, have invented certain 1 lines tend to lie in planes at right angles to the axis of the radiator. By my arrangement the magnetic and electrostatic lines, considered with respect to the longitudinal axis of the radiator, are substantially at right angles to those which would be gen-" erated by a straight wire located at and extending along such axis.

The general plan of my invention is to provide any suitable system of primary or excit ing circuit with a radiating circuit comprising a series of two or more coils or solenoids having a common axis and preferably disposed in a vertical direction. These may be connected in multiple and so proportioned netization adapted to radiate. By proper tioning the length of the field created by the solenoids to the time of variation the true length best adapted for radiation may be obtained. In some cases it may be desired to arrange the series in some other direction than a vertical, but I usually prefer to have the solenoids so arranged that the axis of each is an extension of the axis of the others. I prefer to employ a considerable number of coilsv so that the electro-magnetic and electrostatic'lines will be sulliciently distributed in space thereby insuring efficient radiation and propagation thereof.

By connecting the coils in the manner of auto-converters and each having acapacity and inductance equal to one-quarter of a wave length andhaving one end grounded they will maintain a more intense field and consequent effect.

In the accompanying drawings, I have illustrated diagrammatically a transmitting circuit equipped with an aerial radiating circuit involving the features of my invention.

Referring to the drawings, 1 represents a suitable source of electric currents with one pole of which is connected a conductor, 2, leading through any suitable transmitter, 3,

to the primary coil, 4, of a transformer 5. The remaining terminal of the primary of the transformer is connected by a conductor, 6, with the other ipole of the source The secas to produce a resulting vertical line of mag;

BEST All COPY ondary, 7, of the transformer has one end connected with a conductor, 8, and its other end connected with a conductor, 9. A suitable spark-gap, 1Q, isconnected between the conductors 8 and 9. Condensers 11 and 12 are connected with the respective conductors 8 and 9, and between these condensers are connected conductors, 13 and 14, which are here shovm as heingled in a vertical direction and between them are connected coils or solenoids, 15, arranged in multiple. The

axes of these coils are here shown as vertical,

the solenoids all being arranged in a vertical line. Currents traversing the vertical con ductors Wlll then be distributed through the several. solenoids and cause a resultant magnetic field extendin axially through the several solenoids, Wlfi the consequent aerial radiation. The several coils are so proportinned with referenceto each other that they will severallyreceive their proper currents, and will vibrate substantially synchronously,

in proper phase to produce the resultant rapidly varying magnetic field or flux.

T he coils are here shown as each havingone terminal connected with one of the ver-' tical conductors 13, while the other vertical conductor 14, is connected with an intermediatepoint 16. When the connection is thus made, at an intermediate point of the coil 15, instead of at the ends thereof, the part of the coill? below the connection 16 constitutes the primary of a step up auto-converter,

while the entire windinglS constitutes the secondary thereof. By thus connecting the coils in the manner of auto-converters having one end grounded as at G and having a ca- .pacity and inductance such as to give a time '-.period of vibration corresponding to onequarter'of a wave length, they will maintain a more intense field and consequent effect, when excited substantially synchronously and, in phase by energy from a suitable source, as, for instance, by discharge of the condensers 11, 12.

it is to be understood that While I have advanced a general theory of operation, my invention is not to be construed as necessarily depending upon the correctness of that theory.

in a divisional application Serial Number 195,841, filed March 7,. 1904, claims are made upon the apparatus described herein. 1 claim as my invention l. The method of radiating energy by means of electromagnetic Waves, which method consists in generating by separate circuits, :1 series of magnetic fluxes, in the same direction, along a common axis forming one field.

2. The method ofradiating energy by means of electromagnetic Waves, which method consists in generating by parallel circuits, a series of magnet c fluxes in the same direct on, along a common axls forming one The method of. transmitting signal waves, which method consists in generating a series of vibratory electric currents, tran's lnitting the-same through a series of separate circuits, producing .thereby synchronous fluxes in the same, direction, along an axis common to all the circuits and radiating the -method consists in causing electric currents to traverse circular orspi'ral' paths having a common axis and causing said currents to chronously alternating, similar, magnetic fields, substantially. as and for the purpose described. 7'. The method oftransmitting energy b means of electromagnetic waves, Whic method consists in exciting free-electrical alternate in proper phase to produce synoscillations in circular or spiral aths having a common axis and causin sai oscillations-- to alternate in proper p ass to produce s nchronously alternatingsimilar, magnetic uxes in the same direction, substantially as and for the purpose described.

Signed at New York, in the county of New York, and State of New York, this 18th day of. January, A. D. 1904.

PETER cooPEn nEwrrT.

Witnesses:

WM. H. CAPEL, v GEORGE H. STOoKBRmGE.

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