US850054A - Telescope for submarine boats. - Google Patents

Description

No. 850,054. PATENTED APR. 9; 1907.

I F. REHM & K. WINDST9SSER.

TELESCOPE FOE SUBMARINE BOATS.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 4, 1905.

4 sums-3112M 1.

| fr w I i I I st at an? e8 I 7 x I [7217672207 8 PATENTED APR. 9, 1907. F, REHM & K. WINDSTOSSER. TELESCOPE FOR SUBMARINE BOATS.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV-4, 1905. I

4 SHEETS SHEET 2.

Ewen tons;

Wl Etness es PATENTED APR. 9, 1907. F. REHM & K. WINDSTOSSER. TELESCOPE FOR S'UBMARINB BOATS.

APPLIOATION FILED NOV-4, 1905.

4 SHEETS-BHEET 3.

Mlnss; Q Inventor-4s: M4 AM No. 850,054. V PATENTED APR. 9, 1907. F-REHM & K. WINDSTOSSER.

TELESCOPE FOR SUBMARINE BOATS.

APPLICATION FILED nov. 4, 1905. I

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

R ///////l///////////?I// will nullllllllllullluli lnbenlorsr FRITZ REHM, OF LICTTTENFELS,

' UNITED STATES I ENT OFFICE.

AND KARL WINDSTOSSER, OF NUREMBERG,

GERMANY.

.TELESCOPE FOR SUBMARINE BOATS- Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented April 9, 1907.

- Application filed November 4, 1905. Serial No. 285,852-

Lichtenfels, in the Empire of Germany, and

KARL WINDsTOsSER, a citizen of the Empire of'Germany, residing at Nuremberg, in the Empire of Germany, have invented a new and useful Telescope for Submarine Boats, of which the following is a s ecification.

In submarine boats itherto telescopes were in use, by means of which it was possible to keep a lookout while the boat was beneath the level of the sea. However, it was necessary to move about the lower end of the telescope within the boat in order to ins ect different parts of the horizon or sea, whic of course is a great drawback.

Our invention relates to a telescope for submarine boats by means of which the several fields of view representing several parts of the horizon or sea are obtained within one and the same circle, the several fields of view being preferably so arran ed that the field of view of the fore part of t e horizon or sea is made the chief field and larger than the other fields of view. Evidently it is of'great importance to render the chieffield, as lar e as possiblein other words, to render the orizon withinthe chief field completeas it is chiefly the horizon which re uires to be watched and not the sky or the ower part of the view. For this reason we utilize either the front part alone or the front and rear parts of the area of the circle for the arrangement of the subsidiary fields of view, which represent parts of the horizon to starboard, port, and astern, also intermediate parts, if so prefe red. We may even increase the number of the subsidiary fields of view in order to be able to inspect the entire horizonall round at a time. Then the commander or conductor of the boat need not change his place, while he is able to watch everything. Of course-the scale of the subsidiary pictures will be necessarily smaller than that of the chief picture.

We further so arrange the telescope that all the pictures in the subsidiary fields of view are erect in opposition to other known telescopes where the subsidiary pictures are turned through an angle increasing from zero to one hundred and eightydegrees when from the ot four 0 jectives.

counting from the fore to astern. The several subsidiar pictures are distin uished one fier by different co ors, either wholly or partly, or they may be marked by suitable signatures. The commander or conductor will then be able not only to see everything as it is, but also to know which part of the horizon the respective subsidiary picture represents.

- We will now proceed to describe our invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a longitudinal section through a telescope for submarine boats. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through a modified telescope. Figs. 3 to 6 represent'diiferent arran ements of the chief and the subsidiary fiel( s of view within a circle. Figs. 7 to 9 show the corresponding diagrams to show which parts of the horizon the several fields of view represent. Fig. 10 is a longitudinal section throu h the upper end of a telescope with Fig. 11 is a horizontal section through the line a; y in Fig. 10, and Figs. 12 to 15 represent various diaphragms. Figs. 16 to 20 represent, on a larger scale,

prisms of the subsidiary objectives provided with means adapted to produce a distinguishment or desi nation in the several subsidiary fields of View. Fig. 21-is a vertical sectional elevation of a modification of the telescope. Fig. 22 is a horizontal cross-section of the device shown in Fig. 21, wherein several diaphragins are not shown. Figs. 23 to 25 are plane views of the diaphragms, and Fig. 26 is a diagram of thevarious sectors of the horizon within the fields of View of the objectives.

Similar letters of reference refer to similar parts throughout .the several views.

R denotes a telescope, which may have a shape as shown in Fig. 1 or in Fig. 2, it being desirable to contract its upper art in order to render it as muchas possi le invisible. The upper end of the telescope is provided with several openings 1 2 3 4, either in the same cross-plane or 1n difierent cross-planes, as in Fi 10, for receiving the objectives. Preferab y these openings 1 2 3 4 are made conical in order to obtain as large optic angles as possible, as is indicated by dotted lines in Figs. 1, 2, 10, and 11. The lower end of the telescope R is provided with a single ocular, which produces the pictures within a circle 5. (See Figs. 3 to 6.)

Whenassuming the telescope to be provided with four objectivesat ninety degrees from each other and having optic angles, as indicated in Fig. 7,.we so arrange the telescope that the chief field of view nearly occupies the whole area of the 'circle 5'in Fig. 3,

- zon can be viewed at a time. In order to be able to examine the arts of V the horizon within the angles a 1, lifWl ll be necessary to turn the telescope through an angle of 4a in either direction.

The telescope may have five objectives atequal angles from each other, as is shown in the diagram Fig. 8, when the angles a a Will be smaller than before.

sidiary fields of view 7 to 10 may be arhave eight obj ectives.

ranged in the u per part of the circle 5, which is divided by a broken line 11. These four subsidia fields of view 7 to 10 are shown as colore but only in a small circle each.

The telescope may also have more'objectives, so as to comprise the entire horizon, as is indicated in Fig. 9, where it is sup osedto The seven su sidiary fields of view 7 to 14 may be arranged in the top and bottom parts of the area of the circle 5, either as inFig. 5 or as in Fig. 6. They are shown in Fig. 5 as marked with-letters corre{ sponding 'to thosein the diagram Fig. 9, which designation may also be employed in Fig. 6.

Fig. 10 shows the arrangement of thechief system for collecting all the rays of light from the fore part-of the horizon and sending-them downward through the-tele-' scope R. It comprises a lens 15 as an objective, a rism 16, and a lens 17, allof which may e secured in any known manner. Adiaphragm 18 (shown at Fig. 12 and having a single aperture 19 of a shape similar to that of the chief field of view in ig. 4) is disposed immediatelybeneath the lens 17 and serves for permitting only those rays of light to pass downward which are to produce the chief picture in the chief field of view. These rays of light pass through a system of lenses 20, 21, and 22 of any known construction to the s stem at the lower end of the telescope, whic will be referred to later on.

The four sub.

om the chief field of view.

s stem is dis osed in the telesco e R for col-- lecting all t e rays of light 0m astern through the opening '2 and sending them downward in a beam of rays separate from the chief beam of rays. This system is shown as comprising a lens 23 as an objective and two prisms 24 and 25, between which a second diaphragm 26 is disposed. This diaphragm is shown at Fig. 13 and has. two small apertures 27 and 28 in addition to the large aperture 19, as in Fig. 12. From Fig. 11 it W'lll be seen that the opening 2 is laced eccentrically, so that the rays of lig t collected by the objective 23 and deflected by the two prisms 24 and 25 may pass first through the aperture 27 upward and then through the aperture 28 downward, the a erture 28 corresponding to the subsidiary eld of view 8 in Fig. 3. Two other subsidiary systems are also disposed for collectin all the rays of light from port and starboar respectively, and for sending them downward in two separate beams of rays to the lower system. Thesaid two subsidiarysystems comprise each a lens 29 in the conical opening 3 or 4, respectively, (see Fig.'11,) as a lateral objective and two prisms 30 and 31. I Beand 34 34 in addition to the apertures 19 and 28, as in the preceding diaphragm 26. The

rays of light collected by the obj'ective'29 in either subsidiary systemand deflected by the tw o prisms 30 and 31 .pass first upward through the aperture 33 and afterward downwardthrough the aperture 34. The two oar;- ertures 34 34 correspond to the-two subsi ary fields of view 7 and 9 respectively, inFrg. 3. A fourth diaphragm 35 (shown at Fig.

15) may be disposed 1n the telesco e'R beneath the part shown at Fig.10. 1 tis evident that the several diaphragms 26, 32, and 35 serve for permitting only those rays of light to pass downward which produce the res ective subsidiary pictures. I i

he modification shown in Figs. 21 to 25in its general disposition isof the same construction as the-telescope above-described in connection'with Fig. 10, except in that the objectives are negative, (instead of the posi- 'tive lenses shown in" Fig. 10,) such as the lenses 15? and 17 in the main objective and the system of lenses 23 and'23 represented in the astern objective, and in that the diaphragms 26 and 3 are .duplicated by diaphr gms 26 and 2, respectively, ofidentical construction.

The lens 20 in Fig. 1 serves for erecting the chief icture. while the lenses 36 36, incombination with the prisms 31 31 in Fig. 11;

1' I 5 lenses employed in the main and subsidiary (turned through convenient angles the 7 horizontal plane,) serve for erecting the subsidiary pictures. A separate lens 36 is disposed for each subsidiary objective system in the telescope represented in Fig. 1, in which construction the beams of rays of light passing thejmain objective and the subsidiary ob- .jective's" are separately projected downward Within the tube R by convenient systems.

We do not further describe the said three systems, as their construction is immaterial and .it' is Well known how to arrange other systems for attaining the above-mentioned results. The prisms may also be replaced by mirrors or other known means. For example, in Fig. 2 the said prisms 31 31 are arranged for sending the separate beams of rays through the same lens 20 throughwhich the chief beam of rays passes. Of course these separate beams of rays will also pass through the second lens 21.

The prisms 25 and 31 are disposed in such a position that their planes of reflection are bisecting the angles a, a a formed by the horizontal o tical axis of the principal sector and those of the subsidiary sectors, as shown in Figs. 22 and 26, so that if the aperture of the angle a, between the optical axes of the principal or fore sector and of the astern sector is of one hundred and eighty degrees the plane of reflection of the prism 25 must be disposed at ninety degrees with respect to the axis of the principal system, and if the angles a, and (1,, formed by the optical axes of the principal sector and of the port and starboard sectors, respectively, are of ninety degrees the plane of reflection of the prisms 31 must be disposed so as to include an angle of forty-five degrees with the optical axis of the principal system. By this arrangement the images produced by the different systems are turned through an angle as will be required for erecting the objects with respect to the main picture.

At the lower end of the telescope R the above-mentioned system, comprisin a lens 37, as an ocular, and a prism 38, is disposed for deflecting the rays of light and forming the chief picture and the subsidiary pictures in the corresponding fields of view. The construction of the lower system is equally immaterial and may be varied to suit the circumstances.

The main picture in the main field of view serves for steering the submarine boat,while the subsidiary pictures in the subsidiary fields of view will enable the commander or conductor to simultaneously watch the remaining parts of the horizon without changing his place.

The telescope may consist of two tubes slidable the one Within the other, such as shown in Fig. 2, so that its head part may be raised or lowered at will. I

, The ocular 37 may be of vany known or suitable construction and combined with any other reflector instead of a prism 38.

In case differently-colored subsidiary pictures are to be produced suitable glass panes in the respective colors may be disposed within the system or the ocular. Preferably they are located above the prisms 24 and 30, as-represented at 40 in Fig. 16, when it is desired to have the entire fields of view colored throughout, Fig. 3. A partial coloring of the subsidiary fields of view, Fig. 4, is obtained by the employment of a small correspondingly-shaped piece 41 of colored glass or other transparent material situated at a convenientplace above the prisms 24, Fig. 17.

In case the subsidiary pictures are to be marked with signatures, Fig. 5, it is evident that corresponding signatures will have to be made on glass panes or lenses or prisms 1n the lower system or the ocular. They are con- .veniently placed above/the upper surface of the prisms 24 and 30, respectively, as repre: sented at 42 in Figs. 18 to 20, and aflixeu thereto in any appropriate manner or made by; etching, painting, photographing, or the I li e. In case the telescope provided'with four objectives does not comprise the entire horizon, as is indicated at Fig. 7, the telescope .will require to be provided with an arm or other known means to enable the operator to turn the telescope through an angle of a and to examine the remaining parts of the horizon. In case the telescope is arranged to compr1sethe entire horizon, as indicated in Fig. 9, of course no arrangement for turning the tele sco e need be made.

11 Figs. 3 to 6 the subsidiary fields of view are shown as circular; but it is evident that they can be given any other shape, as it is only necessary to provide the respective diaphragms 26, 32, and 35 (see Figs. 13 to 15) with apertures 28 34 34 of the desired shape, (square, rectangle, oval, &c.)

What we claim as our invention, and-desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a telescope for submarine boats, the

combination with a barrel, of a main objecduce smaller subsidiary pictures of other parts of the horizon,means for erecting the subsidiary pictures with respectto the mam picture, means for projecting the various pictures downwardly within the barrel, and

an ocular system arranged for observing the pictures all at a time.

2. In a telescope for submarine boats, the

combination with a-barrel, of a main objective system capable ofproducing a picture of a certain part of 'the horizon, subsidiary objective systems capable of producing smaller subsidiary pictures of other parts of the horizon, all objective systems being adapted to project the pictures downwardly within the arrel, means for erecting the subsidiary pictures with respect to the main icture, and an ocular system arranged for 0 serving the pictures all at a time. I

3. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with a barrel, of a main objective system adapted to produce a picture of a certain part of the horizon, a plurality of sub sidiary objective systems adapted to produce smaller subsidiary pictures of other parts of the horizon, means for erecting the subsidiary pictures with respect to the main picture, diaphragms within the barrel having a ertures corresponding to the number, p ace, and shape of the pictures, means for projecting the various plctures downwardly within the barrel, and an ocular system arranged for observing the pictures all at a time. i

4. In a telesco e for submarine boats, the combination wit a barrel, of a main objective system adapted to produce a icture of a certain part of the horizon, a plura ity of subsidiary objective systems adapted to produce smaller subsidiary pictures of other parts of the horizon, means for erecting the subsidiary pictures with respect to the main picture, means for differently marking the subsidiary pictures, means for projecting the various pictures downwardly within the barrel, and an ocular system arranged for observing the pictures al at a time.

5. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with a barrel, of a main objective system capable of producing a picture of a certain part of the horizon, subsidiary objective systems capable of producing smaller subsidiary pictures of other parts of the horizon, all objective systems being adapted to project the pictures downwardly within the barrel, means for erecting the subsidiary pictures with respect to the main picture, intermediate lenses within the barrel, and an ocular system arranged for observing the pictures all at a time;

6. In a telesco e for submarine boats, the combination wit a barrel, of a main objectivesystem capable of producing a picture of a certain part of the horizon, subsidiary objective systems capable ;of producing smaller subsidiary pictures of other parts of the horizon, all objective systems being adapted to project the pictures downwardly within the barrel, means for erecting the subsidiary pictures with 'respect to the main picture, dlaphragms within the barrel having apertures corresponding to the number,

place, and shape of the pictures, means for diflerently marking the subsidiary ictures, intermediate lenses within the barre and an ocular system arranged for observing the pictures all at a time.

7. In a telesco e for submarine boats, the combination wit a vertically-disposed barrel, of a main objective system capable of collecting rays of light, and deflecting them downwardly within the barrel, a plurality of subsidiary objective systems smaller than.

the main objective adapted to produce a similar effect with regard to other parts of the horizon, means for restraining part of the rays of light passing the main objective, so as a to form recesses or dark places within the circular field of view, in which laces the subsidiary pictures are produced y the subsidiary objectives, a plurality of lenses Within the barrel, and an ocular system in the lower part of the barrel.

8. In a telesco e for submarine boats, the combination wit a vertically-disposed barrel, of a main objective system capable of collecting rays of light of a certain part of the horizon, and deflecting them downwardly within the barrel, a plurality of subsidiary objective systems smaller than the main objective, adapted to produce a similar effect withregard to other parts of the horizon, means for restraining part of the rays of light passing the main objective, so as to darken those parts of the main picture at which the subsidiary pictures are produced, means for erecting the diflerent pictures,- a plurality of intermediate lenses within the barrel, and an ocular system in the lower part of the barrel.

9. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with a vertically-disposed barrel, of a main objective system for a certain part of the horizon, disposed within the upper part of the barrel, a plurality of subsidiary objective systems disposed below the main objective and directed to other parts'of the horizon, all objectives being composed of lenses and a refracting-face adapted to col.

lect rays of light and deflect them down-- -wardly within the barrel, the subsidiary ob jectives producing pictures on a smaller scale than the main objective, means for erecting the subsidiary pictures, intermediate lenses within the barrel, and an ocular system in the lower part of the barrel.

10. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with a vertically-disposed barrel, of lenses and a reflector at the upper end of the barrel, for collecting rays of lig t from one direction and deflecting such rays downwardly within the barrel, a plurality of other lenses and reflectors, also at the upper end of.

the barrel, for collecting rays of light from other directions .and deflecting these rays downwardly within the barrel, a diaphragm beneath the lenses and reflector first named,

provided with an aperture, a plurality ofv parallel diaphragms corresponding with the lenses and reflectors second named, each having apertures therein, a lurality of other lenses wlthin the barrel, g ass panes inter- Used in the path of the several beams of ight-r ays and provided with means for m arking the pictures, and an ocular and further lenses and a reflector at the lower end of the barrel for deflecting the several beams of light rays. t

1 1. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with a barrel, of a main system of lenses and a reflector at the u )per end of the barrel and arranged for collecting the rays of light from a part of the horizon and sending them downward through the barrel, a plurality of subsidiary systems of lenses and a reflector at the upper end of said barrel and arranged for collecting the rays of light from other parts of the horizon and sending them downward through the barrel, a diaphragm beneath said main system and rovided with an aperture, a plurality of paral el diaphragms for said plurality of subsidiary systems and each provided with apertures for the respective system or systems in addition to the apertures in'thc preceding diaphragm, all the apertures in the last diaphragm corresponding to the main and the subsidiary fields of view within a circle, a plurality of lenses in said barrel, anda system of lenses and a reflector with an ocular at the lower end of said barrel and arranged for deflecting the several beams of rays and producingthe chief and the subsidiary pictures.

12. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with a barrel, of a main objective for a part of the horizon at the upper end of the barrel, a plurality of subsidiary obj ectives smaller than the main objective for other parts of the horizon at the up )er end of said barrel, a main system of a re ector and lenses for said main objective and arranged for sending the cdllected rays of light downward through said barrel, a plurality of subsidiary systems of smaller reflectors and lenses for said plurality of subsidiary objectives and arranged for sending the collected rays of light separately downward through said barrel, a diaphragm beneath said main system and pro vided with an aperture, a plurality of parallel diaphragms for said plurality of subsidiary systems and each provided with apertures for the respective system or systems in addition to the aperturesiin the preceding diaphragm,

all the apertures in the last diaphragm corresponding to the -ma1n and the subsidiary fields of view respectively within a circle, the

main field of view having the full diameter of the circle and the subsidiary fields of view being disposed in the top part and if so preferred also in the bottom part of the area of the circle, a plurality of lenses in said barrel, and a system of lenses and a reflector with an ocular at the lower end of said barrel and arranged for deflecting the several beams of rays and producing the chief and the subsid-' iary pictures, said reflectors and said lenses being arranged for erectlng all the pictures.

per end of said barrel, a plurality of subsidiary objectives smaller than said main objee-.

. tive for the fore part of the horizon at the uptive for other parts of the horizon at the up- I per end of said barrel, a main system of a reflector and lenses for said main objective and "arranged for sending the collected rays of light downward through said barrel, a plurality of subsidiary systems of smaller reflec-' tors and lenses for said plurality of subsidiary objectives and arranged for sending the collected rays of light separately downward through said barrel, a diaphragm beneath said main system and provided with an aperture, a plurality of parallel diaphragms for said plurality of subsidiary systems and each provided with apertures for the respective system or systems in addition to the apertures 1n the preceding diaphragm, all the apertures in the last diaphragm corresponding to the main and the subsidiary fields of view respectively within a circle, the chief field of viewhaving the -full diameter of the circle and the subsidiary fields of view being disosed in the top part and if so preferred also in the bottom part ofathe area of the circle, a plurality of lenses in said barrel, a system of lenses and a reflector with an ocular at the lower end of said barrel and arranged for defleeting the several beams of rays and producing the chief and the subsidiary pictures, and means for difierently marking the subsidiary pictures.

I 14. In a telescope for submarine boats, the combination with an extensible barrel, of a main objective for a part of the horizon at the upper end of said extensible barrel, a plurality of subsidiary objectives smaller than said main objective for other parts of the horizon at the upper end of said extensible barrel, a main system of a reflector and lenses for said main objective and arranged for sending the collected rays of light downward through said extensible barrel, a plurality of subsidiary'systems of smaller reflectors and lenses for said plurality of subsidiary objectives and arranged for sending the collected rays of light separately downward through said extensible barrel, a diaphragm beneath said main-system and provided with an aperture, a plurality of parallel diaphragms for said plurality of subsidiary systems and each provided with apertures for the respective system or systems in addition to the apertures in the preceding diaphragm, all the apertures in the last diaphragm. corresponding to the chief and the subsidiary fields of view respectively within a circle, the chief field of view having the full diameter of the circle and the subsidiary fields of view being disposed in the top part and also in the bottompart of the area of the circle, a plurality lenses and a reflector at the lower end of said In testimony whereof we have signed to extensible barrel and arranged for deflecting this specification our names in the presence :0 the several beams of rays, an ocular arranged of two subscribing witnesses.

4 for producing the main and the subsidiary FRITZ REHM.

pictures, said reflectors and said lenses bein KARL WINDSTOSSER. arranged for erecting all the pictures, an Witnesses: 1 means for difierently marking the subsid- HERMANN STUEHL,

iary pictures; CARL SARTORI.

Images