US8492644B2 - Solar cell module and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents
Solar cell module and method of manufacturing the same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US8492644B2 US8492644B2 US11/391,357 US39135706A US8492644B2 US 8492644 B2 US8492644 B2 US 8492644B2 US 39135706 A US39135706 A US 39135706A US 8492644 B2 US8492644 B2 US 8492644B2
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solar cell
- wiring line
- line member
- plastic strain
- cell module
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F71/137—Batch treatment of the devices
- H10F71/1375—Apparatus for automatic interconnection of photovoltaic cells in a module
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
- H10F19/90—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers
- H10F19/902—Structures for connecting between photovoltaic cells, e.g. interconnections or insulating spacers for series or parallel connection of photovoltaic cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar cell module comprising a plurality of solar cells and constituted by connecting adjacent solar cells to one another by wiring line members (leads), and a method of manufacturing the module.
- the solar cell module which converts solar energy directly into electric energy is noted as a clean energy source.
- the solar cell module comprises a plurality of solar cells, and, for example, wiring line members referred to as tab leads are connected to these adjacent solar cells with a solder (or paste) to electrically connect the cells to one another.
- This wiring line member is constituted of a copper foil usually having a width of 1.5 mm to 2 mm and a thickness of about 150 ⁇ m (microns) to 200 ⁇ m, and the member is prepared in a state in which the member is wound around a bobbin in manufacturing steps.
- the wiring line member is coated beforehand with a solder, the member having a predetermined dimension is drawn from the bobbin and cut, and the member laid on the solar cell is heated with hot air, a lamp heater or the like, and soldered.
- the wiring line member expanded by heat when soldered, and the solar cell of the corresponding portion contract.
- a linear expansion coefficient of copper is about 16.7 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 /° C.
- a silicon substrate of the solar cell has a linear expansion coefficient of about 2.33 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 /° C. Therefore, the wiring line member after the soldering contracts more largely than the solar cell, and an acting force accompanying a difference in this contraction is applied to the solar cell.
- the drawn wiring line member since the wiring line member is wound around the bobbin as described above, the drawn wiring line member has a curled shape. Moreover, the member meanders in some case. This also applies to a bent wiring line member.
- Such nonlinear wiring line member in which the curled or meandered state is generated deviates from a predetermined soldered position on the solar cell and a collector electrode. There is a possibility that characteristics deteriorate owing to an appearance defect or reduction of an irradiated area. Therefore, heretofore the cut wiring line member is pulled with a predetermined load, and straightened out, or the wiring line member is cut after the straightening out.
- the acting force accompanying the above-described contraction difference is applied to the solar cell, but the forces acting between the wiring line member on the front surface side of the solar cell and the solar cell and between the wiring line member on the back surface side and the solar cell act in a direction in which the forces cancel each other.
- the forces are not equal to each other and, as a result, the solar cell is warped.
- a conventional single-crystal or polycrystal solar cell has a thickness of about 300 ⁇ m to 350 ⁇ m. Therefore, even when the acting force due to the contraction of such wiring line member is applied, the solar cell module is hardly warped as shown in FIG. 5 .
- reference numeral 1 denotes solar cells
- 2 denotes wiring line members.
- a thickness of a wafer for general use in the solar cell is about 150 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and is remarkably small for the purpose of reducing material costs. Therefore, there occurs a problem that the contraction of the wiring line members 2 acts, and the solar cell module largely warps as shown in FIG. 6 .
- the solar cell preferably has a size of 125 mm square or more
- a crystalline wafer having an about 125 mm square size and a thickness of about 200 ⁇ m
- warpage reaches as much as 3 mm which is defined by the longest distance D between a horizontal line L of FIG. 6 and the solar cell 1 .
- an operation efficiency deteriorates in the manufacturing steps.
- damages are generated such as breaks or cracks. Therefore, a manufacturing yield drops and the decrease in reliability is feared.
- the present invention has been developed in order to solve such conventional technical problem, and an object is to provide a solar cell module and a method of manufacturing the module which can reduce warpage of a solar cell due to a difference between linear expansion coefficients of the solar cell and a wiring line member and which can effectively prevent damages without incurring any cost rise.
- FIG. 9 shows a relation between the warping of the solar cell and a yield
- the wiring line member is made of copper having a width of 2 mm and a thickness of 150 ⁇ m, and the solar cell has a 125 mm square size.
- the thickness in FIG. 7 and FIG. 9 shows the thickness of the solar cell (substrate).
- a load on the wiring line member needs to be set to 4.2 kgf or less. That is, the plastic strain is set to 1% or less.
- a load on the wiring line member needs to be set to 4.5 kgf or less, that is, the plastic strain needs to be 2% or less. This behavior is shown in FIG. 10 .
- the plastic strain of the wiring line member is set to 0.4% or less. In the solar cell having a thickness of 170 ⁇ m, the plastic strain of the wiring line member is set to 0.2% or less. In the solar cell having a thickness of 150 ⁇ m, the plastic strain of the wiring line member is set to 0.1% or less. Accordingly, the warpage can be reduced, and further effects are expected.
- the plastic strain (percentage of elongation) capable of straightening the wiring line member to be larger than 0% and to 0.03% ( FIG. 7 ) or less.
- the plastic strain is preferably set to be above 0.03% in order to straighten the wiring line member wound around the bobbin.
- a solar cell module comprises a plurality of solar cells and is constituted by electrically connecting adjacent solar cells to one another by wiring line members, wherein a base material of the wiring line member has a plastic strain of 2% or less in a drawing direction.
- the plastic strain is larger than 0%, and is preferably 1% or less, more preferably 0.5% or less.
- the solar cell is constituted of a crystalline wafer having a thickness of 200-microns or less.
- the thickness of the wafer may be 180 microns or less, further 150 microns or less.
- the plastic strain in the drawing direction of the base material of a portion of the wiring line member on a front surface side of the solar cell differs from that of a portion of the wiring line member on a back surface side of the solar cell.
- the base material of the wiring line member is copper (purity 99% or more).
- the plastic strain of the base material of the wiring line member in the drawing direction is 2% or less. Therefore, contraction of the wiring line member decreases after the wiring line member is (mechanically) connected to the solar cell. It is possible to inhibit the warping of the solar cell from being generated by the linear expansion coefficient difference between the solar cell and the wiring line member.
- This invention is remarkably effective in a case where the solar cell is constituted of the crystalline wafer having a thickness of 200 microns or less as in the second aspect of the present invention, especially in a case where the wiring line member comprises copper as in the fourth aspect of the present invention.
- the plastic strain in the drawing direction of the portion of the base material on the front surface side of the solar cell differs from that of the portion of the base material on the back surface side of the solar cell.
- a material having a small plastic strain in the drawing direction is used in the wiring line member disposed on the surface which contracts more largely. In consequence, it is possible to further suppress the warping of the solar cell.
- a manufacturing method of a fifth aspect of the present invention is a method of manufacturing a solar cell module, comprising the step of: electrically connecting adjacent solar cells to one another by wiring line members, the method further comprising: the step of correcting linearity of each wiring line member prior to the step of connecting the wiring line members to the solar cells, the correcting step comprises the step of pulling the wiring line member in a drawing direction within range in which a plastic strain of a base material of the wiring line member in the drawing direction is 2% or less.
- the method comprises the step of correcting the linearity of each wiring line member prior to the step of connecting the wiring line member to the solar cell.
- the wiring line member is pulled in the drawing direction within range in which the plastic strain of the base material of the wiring line member in the drawing direction is 2% or less. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the contraction of the wiring line member after (mechanically) connecting the wiring line member to the solar cell.
- the correcting step comprises the step of: separately pulling the wiring line member in the drawing direction so that the plastic strain of the base material in the drawing direction changes on a stepped portion as a boundary by use of the step of disposing the stepped portion on a portion of the wiring line member disposed between the solar cells.
- the wiring line member in the correcting step, is separately pulled in the drawing direction so that the plastic strain of the base material in the drawing direction changes on the stepped portion as the boundary by use of the step of disposing the stepped portion on the portion of the wiring line member disposed between the solar cells. Accordingly, when reducing the drawing-direction plastic strain of the wiring line member disposed on the surface which more largely contracts, it is possible to further inhibit the solar cell from being warped.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a string of solar cell module to which the present invention is applied (Embodiment 1);
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view of a method of correcting a wiring line member in the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a side view of a string of solar cell module of another example to which the present invention is applied (Embodiment 3);
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a percentage of elongation with respect to a load (tensile load) of a copper foil constituting the wiring line member in a drawing direction;
- FIG. 5 is a side view of a conventional string using a solar cell having a large thickness
- FIG. 6 is a side view of a conventional string using a solar cell having a small thickness
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an average warpage of the solar cell with respect to the load (tensile load) on the wiring line member in the drawing direction;
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory view showing a method of setting a plastic strain in the drawing direction, which changes on a stepped portion of the wiring line member as a boundary;
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a relation between warping of the solar cell and yield.
- FIG. 1 is a side view of a string 3 of solar cells showing one embodiment of the present invention.
- solar cells 1 and the like are usable in which there is used a crystalline material such as single-crystal silicon or polycrystal silicon, an amorphous material using amorphous silicon, or a crystalline wafer such as a single-crystal amorphous hybrid material having silicon amorphous layers formed on opposite surfaces of a substrate made of a single crystal.
- a technology of manufacturing the solar cells 1 itself is heretofore known, detailed description is omitted.
- each of the solar cells 1 is formed into an about 125 mm square or almost square, and a thickness of the substrate (cell) is remarkably small in a range of 150 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- an amorphous silicon membrane which thickness is 20 nm is coated and formed on both surfaces of a silicon monocrystal substrate of the solar cell.
- a ITO membrane which thickness is 0.1 micron is coated and formed on each amorphous silicon membrane.
- Two collector electrodes width of about 2 mm
- a large number of branched electrodes are extended from the opposite sides of the collector electrode.
- Wiring line members 2 referred to as tab leads are soldered to the collector electrodes of such solar cell 1 .
- each of the wiring line members 2 is constituted of a conductive copper (base material: copper purity 99.9% or more) foil having a width of about 1.5 mm and 2 mm, and the surface of the member is coated with a solder by plating. Moreover, the wiring line member 2 is disposed so as to range from the front surface side (plus side) of one of adjacent solar cells 1 , 1 to the back surface side (minus side) of the other solar cell 1 among a plurality of solar cells 1 . . . disposed on a predetermined conveyance belt. The member is heated from above with hot air or a lamp heater at +200° C. to +350° C., and the undersurface of the member is kept warm with a hot plate.
- base material copper purity 99.9% or more
- the solder on the surface of the wiring line member 2 (melting temperature of the solder is set to about +220° C.) is electrically connected to each of the solar cells 1 , 1 (connecting step). This is performed on a plurality of solar cells 1 . . . , thereby constituting the string 3 .
- the plural of string 3 constituted in this manner is sealed (heated and attached under pressure) with a filling material such as an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin (EVA) between a front surface side member (not shown) constituted of a glass plate, a plastic plate, or a resin film having photo permeability and resistance to weather and a back surface side member (not shown) constituted of a resin film, a glass plate, a plastic plate or the like, whereby the solar cell module is manufactured.
- EVA ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer resin
- the wiring line member 2 is wound around a bobbin 4 as shown in FIG. 2 . Moreover, a predetermined amount of the member is drawn from this bobbin 4 , cut, and used. However, the drawn and cut wiring line member 2 is wound and curled as shown in FIG. 2 . Since the member has a width of 1.5 mm to 2 mm, the member is sometimes formed into a meandered shape. To solve the problem, prior to the connecting step, this curl and meander are removed through an opening 5 of a jig 6 shown in the center of the drawing, or using a roller, and the member is linearly ( FIG. 2 ) corrected by use of a tensile force set to be not more than a defined force (correcting step).
- the warping can be reduced to 2 mm or less, and yield or productivity in the subsequent module step can be largely improved.
- each wiring line member 2 is corrected without applying any load in a drawing direction, but there is a case where the wiring line member 2 cannot be effectively corrected without applying a certain degree of load in the drawing direction depending on specifications (thickness, width, etc.) of the wiring line member.
- the non-linearity is corrected by applying the load in the drawing direction to the wiring line member 2 before soldering in the same manner as in a conventional example.
- the plastic strain of the wiring line member 2 is set to 2% or less, warping can be reduced to 2 mm or less even in a solar cell of a crystalline wafer having a thickness of 200 ⁇ m.
- the warping can be reduced to 2 mm or less even in the solar cell of the crystalline wafer having a thickness of 180 ⁇ m or less, for example, 170 ⁇ m.
- the warping can be reduced to 2 mm or less even in a solar cell of a crystalline wafer having a thickness of 150 ⁇ m or less, for example, 150 ⁇ m ( FIGS. 4 , 7 ).
- FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention.
- wiring line members 2 A for the front surface side of a solar cell 1 and wiring line members 2 B for the back surface side are prepared as wiring line members 2 .
- Each of the wiring line members 2 A, 2 B is constituted of a copper foil (copper: purity 99.9% or more) in the same manner as in the above embodiment, and coated with a solder.
- the wiring line members 2 A are soldered to the front surface side of each solar cell 1
- the wiring line members 2 B are soldered to the back surface side of each solar cell 1 in the same manner as in the above embodiment.
- the members are exposed to hot air or irradiated with a lamp heater as described above.
- a hot plate for keeping warm is disposed under a conveyance belt
- the front surface side (top) of the solar cell 1 is directly heated by hot air or the lamp heater from above, but the back surface side (undersurface) of the cell is heated with heat transmitted through the solar cell 1 or the wiring line members 2 A.
- the temperature drop speed after the soldering the temperature rapidly drops on the front surface side, and the speed is retarded on the back surface side. Therefore, contraction on the front surface side of the solar cell 1 itself tends to be larger than that on the back surface side.
- the method is achieved by using, as the wiring line member 2 A, a member corrected into a linear shape in a system in which the member is not corrected by extension as described above, and by using, as the wiring line member 2 B, a member corrected into the linear shape by the extension and vice versa. And it is available that the wiring line member 2 A and 2 B are corrected into a linear shape by differently loading in the drawing direction to set the plastic strain of the wiring line member 2 A to be different from that of the wiring line member 2 B in the drawing direction.
- the stepped portion shown in FIG. 8 is disposed in substantially the center of the wiring line member 2 between the solar cells 1 as shown in FIG. 5 .
- the wiring line member 2 is vertically pressed by a jig 7 during the forming of the stepped portion as shown in FIG. 8 . Therefore, when another tensile load (load in the drawing direction) is applied to the wiring line member 2 in a horizontal direction, it is possible to realize the wiring line member whose plastic strain differs on the stepped portion as a boundary.
- the solar cell 1 there is used a material whose plastic strain in the drawing direction of a portion of the wiring line member on the front surface side of the cell differs from that of a portion of the wiring line member on the back surface side of the cell. In this case, there is reduced the drawing-direction plastic strain of the wiring line member disposed on the surface which more largely contracts. In consequence, it is possible to further inhibit the solar cell 1 from being warped. Remarkably effect is obtained in the case that the solar cell is formed into more than 125 mm square or almost square
- the plastic strain of the wiring line member can be changed to thereby inhibit the solar cell from being warped. It is considered that the wiring line member to which a large plastic strain has been imparted has its flexibility impaired, and a force to relax the warping caused by a linear expansion coefficient difference is impaired.
- the plastic strain is set to 2% or less as in the present invention, it is possible to prevent or inhibit a disadvantage that the force to relax such warping is impaired.
- the wiring line member wound around the bobbin is used, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and the present invention is effective even in a case where the bent wiring line member is corrected into the linear shape, and used.
- the wiring line member whose surface is coated with the solder is used, but the present invention is effective even in a case where the solar cell is coated with a paste, and connected to the wiring line member.
- collector electrodes are disposed on the opposite surfaces of the solar cell, respectively, and a plurality of branched electrodes are extended from the opposite sides of the electrodes, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and a large number of (a plurality of) collector electrodes may be disposed, or plate-like collector electrodes may be disposed especially on the back surface side.
- a method of manufacturing a solar cell module comprising the step of: electrically connecting adjacent solar cells to one another by wiring line members, the method further comprising:
- solder connection is desirable.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (17)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP102434/2005 | 2005-03-31 | ||
JP2005-102434 | 2005-03-31 | ||
JP2005102434 | 2005-03-31 | ||
JP71230/2006 | 2006-03-15 | ||
JP2006071230A JP2006310798A (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-03-15 | Solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof |
JP2006-71230 | 2006-03-15 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060219290A1 US20060219290A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
US8492644B2 true US8492644B2 (en) | 2013-07-23 |
Family
ID=36677052
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/391,357 Active 2030-06-03 US8492644B2 (en) | 2005-03-31 | 2006-03-29 | Solar cell module and method of manufacturing the same |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8492644B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1708281A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2006310798A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1855555B (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JP5241186B2 (en) * | 2007-09-27 | 2013-07-17 | 京セラ株式会社 | Solar cell module and manufacturing method thereof |
JP5101409B2 (en) * | 2008-03-25 | 2012-12-19 | 有限会社エコ&エンジニアリング | Method and apparatus for connecting solar cell elements |
CN102132417B (en) * | 2008-08-22 | 2013-05-15 | 三洋电机株式会社 | solar cell module |
CN100559614C (en) * | 2008-08-28 | 2009-11-11 | 苏州富能技术有限公司 | Thin film solar cell module and processing method thereof |
DE102008046330A1 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Schmid Technology Systems Gmbh | Method for soldering contact wires to solar cells |
DE102008046329A1 (en) * | 2008-08-29 | 2010-03-04 | Schmid Technology Systems Gmbh | Electrically contacting/combining solar cells to a chain, comprises introducing contact wire to metallized contact area onto front side of first solar cell and to metallized contact area onto rear side of adjacent second solar cell |
EP2393123B1 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2014-12-10 | Kyocera Corporation | Solar cell module and method for manufacturing same |
JP4633173B2 (en) * | 2009-01-30 | 2011-02-16 | シャープ株式会社 | Manufacturing method of solar cell module |
DE102009003491A1 (en) * | 2009-02-16 | 2010-08-26 | Q-Cells Se | Solar cell string and solar module with such solar cell strings |
DE102009003495C5 (en) * | 2009-02-17 | 2015-11-19 | Hanwha Q.CELLS GmbH | Soldering and soldering device |
DE102009028869B4 (en) * | 2009-08-26 | 2021-02-11 | Hanwha Q Cells Gmbh | Method for connecting solar cells by soldering |
JP5328849B2 (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2013-10-30 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Manufacturing method of solar cell module |
JP5556935B2 (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2014-07-23 | 三洋電機株式会社 | Manufacturing method of solar cell module |
CN106449817B (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2017-10-20 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | A kind of imitative fish scale structure solar cell and preparation method thereof |
WO2020054020A1 (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-03-19 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Solar cell connection tab, solar cell connection tab manufacturing apparatus, method for manufacturing solar cell connection tab, and solar cell module |
KR20220011695A (en) * | 2019-05-23 | 2022-01-28 | 알파 어셈블리 솔루션스 인크. | Solder paste for the manufacture of modules in solar cells |
CN111180549A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-05-19 | 泰州隆基乐叶光伏科技有限公司 | Production device and production method of conductive interconnection plate, and conductive interconnection plate |
DE102020203510A1 (en) | 2020-03-19 | 2021-09-23 | NICE Solar Energy GmbH | Thin film solar module and manufacturing process |
AU2021221523B1 (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2022-12-22 | Shanghai Jinko Green Energy Enterprise Management Co. Ltd. | Photovoltaic module |
CN115295685B (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2022-12-16 | 苏州小牛自动化设备有限公司 | Method for fixing battery strings, presser assembly and curing device |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2006310798A (en) | 2006-11-09 |
EP1708281A2 (en) | 2006-10-04 |
CN1855555A (en) | 2006-11-01 |
EP1708281A3 (en) | 2007-09-26 |
CN1855555B (en) | 2010-08-04 |
US20060219290A1 (en) | 2006-10-05 |
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