US844663A - Self-starter for electric motors. - Google Patents

Description

No. 844,663. PATENTED FEB. 19, 1907,

I H, H, CUTLER.

SELF STARTER FOR ELECTRIC MOTORS.

APPLIGATION FILED MAY 12, 1905.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY H. CUTLER, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR TO THE CUT- LER-HAMMER MFG. CO., OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN, A CORPORATION OF WISCONSIN.

SELF-STARTER FDR ELECTRIC MOTOFI$.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 19, 1907.

Application filed May 12, 1905. Serial No. 260,107.

Be it known that I, HENRY Il CUTLER, a

citizen of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and State of \Vrsconsm, have invented new and useful Improvements in SelF-Starters for= Electric Motors, of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying 1o drawing, forming a part of this specification. My invention relates to a self-starter for electric motors, the object being to provide means whereby the armature resistance of an electric motor may be automatically rci 5 moved from circuit during the starting of the motor.

A further obj cct of my invention is to limit the amount of current used in accelerating the motor and also to simplify the usual commercial form of apparatus of this character.

In accordance with my invention I providcin circuit with the armature cf the motor i the usual starting resistance and a plurality of electromagncts arranged to be succes sivel y operated, which in turn remove portions of the starting resistance from circuit, whereby the armature is permitted to start and gradually build up in speed until normal operation results. In practice I dividc the arlnature resistance into sections and provide a magnet for controlling each of the several sections, the first electromagnct being arranged to be energized by the closing of a switch controlled either by the operatci or by automatic means. The energizing of the first electroniagnct closes the motor-circuit through all of the armature starting resistance and also closes the energizing-circuit of the second electromagnet. The second electrornagnet thus energized short-circuits the first section of starting resistance and also closes the energizing-circuit of the third electromagnet, which in turn cuts out the second section of resistance and energizes the fourth electromagnet, and so on through the series until all of the starting resistance has been removed from circuit. Unless some means be provided for limiting the time of energizing the various electroniagnets they would become energized: one after the other with greatrapidity, and I therefore provide atiming device which prevents too rapid energization oi the various electromagncts, and thus prevents the cutting out oi the resist- :5 ance more rapidly than is desired.

I I have illustrated my invention in the accompanying drawing, SiluWll'lg the diagram- ,r inatic view of my invention and the circuit arrangen'ient thereof.

1' In accordance with my invention 1 provide a resistance 1, which is arranged in the circuit oi the arn'iaturc 2 and is divided into sections, each section being ccntrolled by one of the switches 3, 4, and 5, which are operated by the solenoids 6, 7, and S. 'l he armaturecircuit is controlled by a switch 9, which when closed admits current to the armature with all the resistance in circuit. The switch 9 is operated by the solenoid 10 Each of the switches 3, 4, 5, and 9 is provided with andoperates additional switches 10, 11,

12, and 13, respectively, which, are adapted when closed to close the circuit throughthe magnet of the next succeeding switch. An overload-magnet is arranged in the'urinae tore-circuit and operates a switch 16, which when clcscd short-circuits the resistance .14 in circuit with the solenoids 10, 6,7, and 8'.

A vibrating solenoid 17-is provided, which is adapied to operate the switch 18, arranged in the circuit of the magnets 10, 6, 7, and 8 and when closed to short-circuit the resistance 14 of this circuit. This magnet is. so constructed and arranged that the time of vibration of the plunger thereof may be controlled and will operaie as slowly as desired. The plunger or core 19 of this magnet is provided with a brass extension-rod 20, having secured. thereon an. adiusiable nut 21 at its ouler end and a second. adjust able nut 22 inierincdiaie of its outer end and the point at which it is connected with the plunger 19. The rod is adapaed to work through a slot in the pivoted swii ch 18, so that when the j plunger is attract ed to the extreme upper pci siiion the nut 22 will strike said switch, m0ving the some up into engagement with the iriction-retaining dead contactlS and open the same, and when the plunger'is dropped through a coi'isiderable distance the top nut 21-will strike the switch and close the same. This switch 1.8 bridges the two contacts 23 and 24 and by this'arrangement is adapted to control the circuit through the winding of the solenoid 17. A variable resistance 25 is connect ed'across the terminals of the winding of the solenoid 17 andis thus arranged to form a shunt-path around the magnet to provide a path for the surge oi current or kick i when the circuit thereof is broken. This surge being in the same direction as the energizing-current, it maintains the magnet onergized longer than if this parallel path were posite main 36.

omitted. By this means the time of denergization is increased, whereby the rapidity of the vibration of the core of the solenoid is decreased. By varying the amount of the resistance in this sln1n1t-path the time of docuergizing the solenoid may be varied, since the lower the resistance the greater and longer the how of extra current and the longer the time required for decnergizing the magnet. The presence 01' this parallel path also prevents the rapid building up of the magnetism in the solenoid, for the reason that the current of seltinduction is opposed to the energizing-current. By this arrangement a means of adjusting the rate of vibration of the solenoid is obtained, and the resistance in this shunt-path may be varied to obtain the desired rate of vibration. By the ar' rangemcnt of the switch 18 each time the switch is opened by the vibration of the solenoid it opens the circuit though the winding of the solenoid 17 and also introduces the resistance 14 into the circuit, which includes the windings of the solenoids 6, 7, 8, and 10, whereb 1 these solenoids cannot attract their plungers until the resistance has been shortcircuited. by the switch 18, when the plunger 19 permitted to again drop. The solenoids with the resistance in circuit are, however, of sullicicnt strength to hold their plungers they have been once attracted.

in operation, assuming that the switches 26 and 27 have been closed, current will l'low 'l'rom thev main 28, through the switches 26 and 27, by conductors 29 and 30, through the windings of the solenoid 10, thence by conductor 31 to contact 32, across the switch 16, to contact 33, and thence-by conductor 34 to the switch 18, which bridges the contacts and 24 across the switch 18, by conductors 35 and 46 and switch 26 to .the op This energizes the winding of the solenoid 10 and causes the same to attract its plunger and closes the switch 9 with thecontact 37 and the switch 13 with the contact 88. The closing of the switch 9 admits current to the armature 2 with all the resistance in circr it, and the current will tier-r from the main 28, through conductor 39, across the switch 9 to contact 37, by conductor 46, through all of the resistance 1,

= thence by conductor 41 to contact 42, by

conductor 42 through the winding of the overlcad-solenoid 15, and thence by the conductor 44-, tl'n'ough the armatnreavinding 2, thrciigh the series field-winding 45 and back by conductor 46 to the opposite main 36. The .uotor is thus started with all the resistance in circrit, and at the same time the closing of the switch 9, and thereby the switch 13, c J=mplctes the circuit through the winding of the solenoid 6, andcurrent will flow from the main 28, through. conductor-r39,

across the switch 9, auxiliary switch 13, contact 38, through the winding of the solenoidswitch 6, 'to conductor 81. At the same time that current is admitted to the solenoid 10* a branch circuit is established through conductor 29, conductor 47, through the winding of the solenoid 17, by conductors 48, across the switch. 18, and by conductors 35 and 46 back to the opposite main 36. The winding of the solenoid 17 is thus energized, causing the same to raise its core, which opens the switch 18, thereby inserting the re sistance 14 in the circuit of the winding of the magnets 6, 7, and 8 and preventing suilicient. current flowing therethrough to operate the .same to close the switches controlled thereby; The magnet 17, as previously explained, however, is a vibrating magnet, and as soon as its plunger 19 is attracted it opens its own circuit and the plunger is permitted to drop, short-circuiting the resistance 14 and pore mitting the next magnet 6 to o'perateto attract its plunger and close the switches 3 and 10 with the contacts 48 and 49, respecthefirst section of the resistance 1 and permits the motor to increase its speed, ,while at the same time the switch 10 closes the circuit through the winding of the solenoid 7. However, the switch. 18 lhLSPlBViOIlSlY dropped down to its normal position, as be fore explained, and closing the circuit. through the winding of the solenoid 17 thus energizes the same and causes it to attract its plunigcr 19, which again opens the switch 18 and inserts the resistance 14 in circuit, thereby preventing the magnet 7 from attractingits plunger and closing switch 4. The resistance, however, only reduces the strength .ofthe magnets to such a degree as to prevent them from attracting their cores, but not sufficicntly to prevent thenrfrom holding the cores after they have bcernattractcd. The solenoid 6 .will therefore hold its switch closed. The vibration of the magnet 17, however, will again causethe'switchd8 to 'close, short-circuiting the resistance 14 and peri'nitting the magnet 7 to close the switches 4 and 11 with thecontacts 50-and 51. The closing of the switches 4 and 11 cuts out another section of the resistance 1 from. the armature-circritand also closes the circuit through the winding of the magnet 8, which in turn attracts its plunger and closes the last switch 5, cutting out all resistance from the arinature-eircuit, the magnet 17 again ;operating, as previously described. When the last switch. 5 is closed, the switch or arm 12 closes the small switch.52 and completes a circuit front. the conductor 47 through the winding of the magnet 17, condiictor-48, c nductor 53, across the switch 52, conductor 54, through the resistance 14, and by'conductors 35 and 46 to the opposite main 36.

tively. The closing of the switch 3 cuts out ICC 5 n itained in a Isis-"i 'p. ition, wnci. re-

tains the resistance 1 in the sire oi ti nmgncts l0, 6, and i; and reduces t rsntwiiich pssses therethrough. c; .t current perm ted to pass tin-c1 i the ts in rions inc eiswi h control the lGs ""l."Ti(-C their switches "11 n cioscd in, but winch i rot si'dlic'ient to close ones in event the open. By pron s contiumi'iis path for tho current 'lhroi 1;: {he winding oi the magnet 17 no thereof is nntintiiincd in c rinsed and this iusgnet is therefore er ciattiuu with respect to the rcn'isiining uni-gunis.

The prov ii! of the unignct 1-5, in the an: Ll Hi'e.-ei1ifi!li.

H'ili at current llcwing, ails.- provides nu w .d..i mitiniii dcvicc, us in eyrui" cl on \;"(?'l( it(i upon motor sui'iicicnt cur it 2. the magnet to cause t e and open 9h, inserting the resistcnco is in ciristnnce-contra'iiting inz.., nt nc operation of ti some un- LI i i; i s .1 1 pass Linwl gi since to attract its clung 3 id the motor has huilt up speed.

ii die I have thus described one arr: renirnt oi my invention, it will he under; rd t d i do not wish to limit myself to the specinidelsiis described, there are nuniero 5 rhungcs which he nut 'le without do:

ing from the spirit of my inyei'itnin.

.iizi-ving thus described iny inventi i lziiin as new, and desire to secure l:-

i i i. cm, is 4 'i he combination with motor, or" :1 pincf controiiing-nuignets therefor, each of which clcses an operoting-cirouit fer the next su ceeding magnet, resistance in ci cuit with. said magnets, and menus operated. by rinined Variations of 1'nc'tor\i:urrcnt insert ing the resistance of said magnets in circ u it i'l'icrewi tli.

The conihinotion with :1 motor, cf :1 resistance therefor, a plurality of n'izzgncts i'cr contrcilii'ig said re istizincc, each oi which closes :m operating-circuit fer the next sue cecding umguct, resistsnce in circuit with said magnets, and means operate l by prcdw teriuined vztriuticns in the mrtor-currcnt i. inserting the rrisisionco oi sziid magnets in circuit therewith.

3. The couihinstion with s motto ml :i pluiitcd ii on ("3W0 in tho inutoncircuit i'cr u rtmg the resistance or" siiid inn-grinds in i intuit therewith.

.c couihiniition witii a motor, (its rc- .iity of magnets in? controlling tire siunc, l

xid magnets, and means operated. by on in- .c motor-current tor lnserting the ot Sal-1d magnets in circuit there- The combination with c motor, oi it pluc-t controlling-imignets therefor, esch which elcsrs on operating-circuit for the t su ,cicding nni-gnet, :i resistance in circurt with said insgncts, and :i magnet operated by predetermined variations in the in otcr-current i'cr opening a shunt-circuit for res uni-c rind thereby inserting the f sumo in the circuit of said magnets.

i of which closes which operates in event cl -13. The com hinittion with a 1n ctor, of n plurality of con rolling-magnets therefor, each on operi'iting-circuit for the next sutic-ceding, magnet, and an electromagnct operated hy prodetermined variations in the motor-circuit for inserting the resistance of said magnets in circuit therewith.

7. The conihinzition with a resistance, of s plurality oi magnets for controlling the same, a. resistance in circuit with said magnets. and :i magnet operated independently of the variations in motor-current for inserting said second resistance in circuit and removing the same therefrom.

8. The combination with a motor, of a resistznice therefor, a plurality of magnets 0on :lling said resistance. a resistance in circuit with magnets, and a magnet operated indeicndcnily oi the variations of motor-current f r periodically inserting said second-111cm tinned resist-mice in and removing the some from circuit. i

9. The coinhinction with a motor, of a resistance, therefor n plurality of magnets for coi'itrolling Eli-ill resistance, {L resistance in circuit with. said magnets, and a magnet operated independently of the variations of motor-current for periodically opening and closing a, SlillUt-Tifitli around raid second-mentioned resistance.

10. Tic combination with a. motor, of a resistaiu'c therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling: said resistance, a resistance. in circuit with said magnets, a. switch for controlling 1L sluint-psth around said secondmcni'i'ncd resistance, and a magnet for periodicnlly iipvllillzj glifll closing said switch, said s\ iLch also cmitr-.,-lling the circuit through said magnet.

11. The combination with a motor, of a pluralit of contnMing-magnets therefor, a. magnet for controlling t time of operation of suid magnets, and means for causing said magnet to operate at predol'orn'iined intervzils 12. The combination with a. motor, of a pluraiit of oontrolling magnets therefor, escli wljiicli. closes an opcrating-circuit for 130 nets, and means for causing said magnet to a resistance for said magnets, an electromagmagnet for insertingsaid resistance in circuit the next succeeding magnet, a magnet for controlling the time of operation of saidmagoperate at predetermined intervals.

13. The combination with a motor, of a i plurality of magnets for controlling the same, i

a resistance in circuit with said magnets, a

with said magnets, and means for'causing said magnet to operate at-predetermined in tervals.

14. The combination with a motor,,of a plurality of magnets for controlling the same, each of which closes an operating-circuit for the next succeeding magnet, resistance for said magnets, an electromagnet for inserting said resistance in circuit with said magnets, and means for causing said magnet to' operate at predetermined intervals.

15. The combination with a motor, of a plurality of magnets for controlling the same, an electromagnet for controllingthe time of operation'of said magnets, means for causing said magnet to operate at predetermined intervals, and means for varying the length of said intervals.

16. The combination with a motor, of a plurality of magnets for controlling the same,

net for inserting said resistance in circuit with said magnets, means for causing said electromagnet to operate at predetermined intervals, and means for varying the length of said intervals.

17. The combination with a motor, of a lurality of progressively-operating magnets tor controlling the same, a magnet for arresting the regressive operation of-said magnets, an means for causing said magnet to operate at predetermined intervals.

18. The combination with a motor, of a lurality of progressively-operating magnets or controlling the same, of aseries relay and a time-relay for arresting the progressive operation of said magnets.

19. The combination with a motor, of a plurality of magnets for controlling the same, each of which closes an operating-circuit for the next succeeding magnet, of a series relay and a time-relay for arresting the progressive operation of said magnets.

20. The combination with a motor, of a plurality of progressively-operated magnets, of a resistance for said magnets, a magnet arranged in series, and a magnet operating at predetermined intervals for inserting said re sistance in circuit with said magnets.

21. The combination with a motor, oha plurality of progressively-operating magnets for controlling the same, of a series magnet, and a magnet operating at predetermined intervals for arresting the progressive operation of said magnets.

22. The combination with a motor, of a plurality of'progressively-opcrating magnets,

of a series elay'd vice and a time-relay deg'ceiora rresting the progressive operation of said magnets, and means for, varying the time of operation of said time-relay device. 23. The combination with a motor, of a plurality of progressively-operating magnets or controlling the same, o a series magnet and a magnet operating at predetermined intervals, for arresting the progressive operation of said magnets, and means for varying the length of the intervals inwhich said sec end-mentioned magnet operates. l

24. The combination with a motor, of a lurality of progressively-operating magnets or controlling the same, a resistance for-said magnets, a series magnet and a magnet operating at predetermined intervals for inserting said resistance in circuit with said magnets, and means for varying the length of intervals in which said second-mentioned magnet operates.

25. The combination with a motor, of a resistance therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a resistance in circuit with said ma nets, means for insert-v ing in and removing from circuit said secondmentioned resistance, and means for rendering said means inoperative when the last of said resistance-controlling magnets is operated.

26. The combination with a motor, of a plurality of magnets for operating the same, a resistance in circuit with said magnets, a magnet for periodically opening and closing a shunt around said second-mentioned re. sistance, and means for rendering said magnet inoperative when the last of said resistance-controlling magnets is operated.

27. The combination with a motor, of a plurality of magnets, for cont-rolling the same, means controlled by predetermined variations in motor-current for controlling the operation of said magnets, and a magnet operated independently of the variations in motor-current, for controlling the time in which said magnets operate.

28. The combination with a motor, of a resistance therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, means con-' trolled by predetermined variations of the motor-current for controlling said magnets,

! and a magnet operated independently of the variations of motor-current for controlling the time in which said magnets operate.

29. The combination with a motor, of a resistance therefor, -a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a magnet con- I trolled by variations of motor-current for controlling said magnets, and a second mag not operated independently of the variations of motor-current for controlling the time in which said magnets operate.

30. The combination with a motor, of a resistance tl1erelor,.a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a. resistance in resistance therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a resistance in circuit with said magnets, a magnet controlled by predetermined variations of motor-current for opening and closing a shunt around said second mentioned resistance, and a second magnet operated independently of the variations of motor-current for pcri 1 odically opening and closing a shuntpath '5 around said secondmentioned resistance.

32. The combination with a motor, of a resistance therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a 11ia.giie'tcontrolled by predetermined variations of motor-current for controlling said magnets, a second magnet operated independently of variations of motor-current for controlling said magnets, and means for rendering ineifective said second-mentioned. magnet when the last of saidresis'tance-controlling mag-- nets is operated.

33. The combination with a motor, of a resistance therefor, a plurality of magnets I for controlling said resistance, a resistance in circuit with said magnets, a magnet controlled by predetermined variations of motor-current for opening and closing a shunt around said resistance, and a second magnet operated independently of variations in the motor-current for periodically opening and closing said shunt 'and means for rendering said second magnet ineffective when the last of said resistance-controlling magnets is operated.

34. The combination with a motor, of a resistance therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a magnet for electrically controlling the operation of said magnets, and means for adjusting the time of operation of said magnet.

35. The combination with a motor, of a resistance therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling sa1d res1stance,a magnet for eontrolling the operations of said magnets, and means for varying the time reqrired l'or deenergizing said ma -act to vary the rapidity of operation thcreo 36. The combination of a motor, of resistance therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a magnet for controlling said magnets and a resistance in parallcl with said magnet to govern the operation of the same.

37. The combination with a motor, of a resistance therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a resistance in circuit .Viiill said magnets a magnet for controlling a shunt around said second-mentioned. resistance, and means for adjusting the time of operation of said magnet.

38. The eomhination with a motor, of a rc sistance therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a resistance in circuit with said magnets, a magnet for controlling a shunt around said second-mentioned resistance, and electrical means for adjusting the time of operation of said magnet.

39. The combination with a motor, of a resistancc therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a resistance in circuit with said magnets, a magnet for olosing a shunt around said resistance, and means for varying the time required for deenergizing said magnet to vary the rapidity of operation thereof.

40. The combination with a motor, of a re sistance therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a resistance for said magnets, a magnet for inserting in and removing from circuit, said second-men tioncd resistance, and means for adjusting the time of ope 'ation of said magnet.

51. The combinal ion with a motor, of a resistancc therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a resistance for said magnets, a magnet for inserting in and removing from circi it, said second-mentioned resistance, and me: us for varying the timereqtired for deenergizing said magnet to vary the rapidity of operation thereof.

42. The combination with a motor, of a re sistance therefor, a plurality of magnets for controlling said resistance, a resistance forsaid magnets, a magnet for inserting in and removing from circuit, said resistancefor said magnets, and a resistance in parallel with said magnet to govern the ation of the same.

In witness whereof .l have hereunto 111bscribed my name in the presence of two Wit ncsses.

ll l h RY H. CUTLER.

' \Yitnesses:

'l. E. BARNUM, F. S. ll 11.11011.

time of oper- IIO

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