US839600A - Cement paving. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED DEC. 25, 1906.

R. KIBSERLING.

CEMENT PAVING.

APPLICATION FILED mm; 2, 1905.

ROBERT KIEsERLING. OF ALTONA, GERMANY.

CEMENT PAVING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 25, 1906.

Application filed June 2,1905- Serial No. 263.398.

To all whom it mag concern.-

Be it known that 1, ROBERT KIESERLING, a subject of the German Emperor, and a resident of Altona, Elbe, Germany, have invented a new and Improved Cement Paving, of whichthe following is a full, clear, and exact description.

The present invention relates to improvecracks appear after a short'time in pavingmade from concrete or other cement mixtures, which cracks lead to the destruction of the pavement. According to my invention I avoid this irregular formation of cracks by providing for the occurrence of cracks at definite places and by arranging for them to run in a direction previously determined upon.

With this object in view I embed in my new aving, made from cement or any preferre cement mixture, but peferably from finerained concrete, an-iron armature fas tene to the paving surrounding it suitably by means of hooks, gaggers, or in any suitable manner, said armature being in the form of a channel. I fill these channels with an elastic substance preventing the penetration of waterfor example, tar, hard-lead lute, or caoutchouc. I produce the above-mentioned channel by embedding in the paving two iron bars parallel to one another and arranged at a distance of about one centimeter from one another. Said iron bars may consist of an undivided strip or of several strips ranged in a row. These bars or stripsare connected firmly with the adjacent paving. I connect the bars or strips firmly with the surrounding paving-in any suitable manner, so that a gap can never arise between the two. The form, breadth, and position of the channels produced in the paving in th1s way can vary to a very large extent. I prefer in general to lay such channels transversely through the paving. However, the same may be made rectilinear or curved or even serpentiform. I also employ angular channels, and, in fact, I do not limit myself at all to any definite form, size, or position for such channels. After the paving has set I fill the channel with tar, pitch, or any other substance Which is as impermeable as possible to water. In addition to these transverse channels I lay similar channels at the sides of the paving in such a way that the same form the bounding-lines of the paving or lie near the side edges of the paving.

In order to illustrate my present invention more clearly, I will now refer to the accompanying drawings.

In said drawings, Figure 1 is a plan of a part of a street provided with my new pav ing. Fig. 2 is a vertical section, on a larger scale, through an elastic joint according to my invention produced in a street-paving. Fig. 3 is a side elevation, shown partly broken, of the iron armature which is employed according to my invention for the production of a channel. Fig. 4 is a section on the line 5 5 in Fig. 5. Fig. 5 is a plan, shownpartially broken, of the iron armature represented in Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a plan of a part of this armature. Fig. 7 is a section on the line 6 6 in Fig. 6. Fi 8 is a side elevation, drawn on a larger sca e, of a hook adapted to serve for connecting the sides of the channel with the paving.

The same reference characters indicate in all the figures the same or similar parts.

The street represented in Fig. 1 consists, essentially, of street-paving a and lateral curbstones b b, which can'be manufactured from natural or artificial stone.

The street-paving a is traversed by channels c c and channels (1 d. The channels 0 are contiguous with the curbstones b and the channels 0 with the curbstones b. It must, however, not be forgotten to emphasize the fact that the channels 0 0 could also lie at some distance from the curbstone. In this case also they may suitably run parallel to the curbstones.

The channels (1 and d, in place of which, of course, channels of other form and running in another direction could be employed, run obtusely to ether and form an angular channel d whic extends from the channels a to the channels 0. As is evident from Fig. 1, not only one channel 11 d, but several such channels, at equal or unequal distances from one another, are embedded 'in the. paving. I

prefer-to make the distance between these channels about fifteen to twenty feet; but I do not, of course, limit myself to observing this distance.

The upper edges of the channels 0 c d d lie exactly in the plane of the street-paving a. The latter may sometimes consist of an undivided layer of concrete. However, I usually prefer to produce this paving from a plurality of, usually two, layers a and a lying one above the other, of which the latter is made from specially hard concrete having the capacity of offering great resistance. In the layer a the above-mentioned channels are produced. This is effected in the following way: After the under layer a has set, which layer, moreover, I wish especially to point out, might also consist of separate concrete slabs, an area a is covered with a suitable concrete, which is advantageously rammed down, this concrete extending, indeed, to the sides of'the previouslylaid channels c c and d d. Each channel consist of iron rails (pieces of flat iron) e e, on the outer side'ofwhich, and consequently on the side turned towardthe concrete layer (L lugs e are situated, said lu s being-provided with eyes through which ooks f can be placed. These hooks are embedded in with the concrete layer a and cause the rails e to firmly adhere to the concrete after the hardening of the layer. It is obvious that instead of such hooks any other desired means may be employed in order to connect the rails e e firmly with the concrete surrounding them. The rails e are parallel to the rails e and may be at a distance from one another of about one centimeter. In order to obtain this distance in a simple-and certain manner, round iron rods 9 or similar rod-shaped pieces are placed vertically between the rails e and e and clamps h are then slipped over the latter, said clamps being taken-oflsubsequently that is,- after the rails have been surrounded with concrete and after the latter has sufiiciently set to permit it being trodden upon. The removal can be readily effected b withdrawing the clamps upward. After t e area a has been finished a new area a is formedfrom the concrete, the latter being spread out and rammed, startin from the rails e or e. In this manner one eld a. after another is produced, the channels" 1: 0 being formed in exactly the same manner'near the curbstone b b as the channels d d. After the concrete of the upper layer has sufliciently set the rods 9 are withdrawn from the empty space i and the latter isfilled up with tar 'i' or the like.

I sometimes prefer to employ supportingplates for the rails e e, said plates I: being placed upon the layer a at short distances of about two to three feet from one another, the'rails'e e being then placed upon these. As canbe seen rom Fig; 2, a cap 7c is placed over each end of these plates is. The sides is I between their e of each cap k do not touch the supportingplate k, but a space 7c is left free between the cap and the plate. The object of the formation of this space k is to prevent the concrete layer (1. advancing against the supportingplates is and displacing the same on account of the contraction occurring in consequence of variations in temperature. By arranging the caps k in the manner represented a displacement of the plate k is completely out of the question.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, and two fiat iron bars set on edge, adjacent to each other, upon the lower layer and embedded in the upper layer, which registers with the top edge ofthe bars, and an elastic substance filling the channel between the bars, substantially as described.

2. A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, and two adjacent, continuous rows of flat iron bars set on edge, end to end, upon the lower layer and embedded in the u per layer, and an elastic substance filling t echannel between the bars, substantially as described.

3. A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, and two adjacent rows of flat iron bars set on edge upon the lower layer and embedded in the upper layer, an elastic substance filling the channel between the bars, said bars presenting perforated bosses at intervals, and hooks passing through the bossed parts and lying embedded in the upper layer, substantially as described.

4. A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, plates located at intervals upon the lower layer, two adjacent rows of flat iron bars set on edge upon the said plates and embedded in the upper layer, and an elastic substance filling the channel between the bars, substantially as described.

5. A concrete orcement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, plates located at intervals u on the lower layer, caps partly overlapping t e plates, two adjacent rows of flat iron bars seton edge upon the said plates and embedded in the u per layer, and an elastic substance filling t e channel between the bars, substantially as described.

6; A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, plates located IIC at intervals upon the lower layer, caps partly overlapping the lates and preserving a space d ges and the paving material, two adjacent rows of flat iron bars set on edge upon the said plates and embedded in the upper layer, and an elastic substance fill ing the channel between the bars, substantially as described. 1

7. A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, and two continuous rows 0 fiat iron bars set on edge, end to end, -upon the lower layer and embedded in the upper layer, an elastic substance filling the channel between the bars, the butt-joints of the bars of the one row' being displaced relatively to the butt-joints of the adjacent row, substantially as described.

8. A concrete or cement pavement, comprising two superposed layers, and a pluraledge upon the lower layer and embedded in the upper layer, an elastic substance filling the channel between the bars, and there being one pair of rows located at each side of the pavement and cross pairs of rows connecting the lateral rows, substantially as described.

10. A concrete or cement pavement, comrising two superposed layers, and a plurality of pairs of rows of flat iron bars set on edge upon the lower layer and embedded in the upper layer, an elastic substance filling the channel between the bars, and there being one pair of rows located at each side of the pavement and cross pairs of rows, presenting an obtuse angle, connecting the lateral rows, substantially as described.

11. A concrete or cement pavement, com

rising two su erposed layers, and two ad- Jacent rows of at iron bars set on edge upon the lower layer and embedded in the upper layer, and an elastic substance fillin the channel between the bars, substantiafiy as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name, this 17th day of May, 1905, in the presence of two subscribin witnesses.

ROBERT iiIESERLING.

Witnesses:

FRANZ SCHWENTERLEY, WOLDEMAR HAUPT.

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