US831180A - Frequency-meter. - Google Patents

Description

' No 831,180. PATENTED SEPT. 18, 1906.

' E. MOGARVEY.

FREQUENCY METER.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 7. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

No. 831,180. PATENTED SEPT. 18, 1906.

E. MQGABVEY.

FREQUENCY METER.

APPLICATION FILED DBO.7, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

1 l Wabzasses 9 2 Ihvenian PATENTED SEPT. 18, 1906.

E. MOGARVEY. FREQUENCY METER. APPLIOATION FILED DBO. 7. 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

No. 831,180. I PATENTED SEPT. 18, 1906. E. McGrARVEY.v

FREQUENCY METER.

APPLICATION FILED DEO.7,1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

, "and '.u'sefu'l Improvements in I NITED; sTATEs 19 mm OFFICE. I n

. EDWARD McG-AR-VEY, oF'BELLEroNrE, PENNSYLVANIA.

FREQUENCY-METER.

Be it known that I, EDWARD YMGGARVEY, a

,citizjenfof] the United States, residing; at 'Bellefonte', inthe county of Center. and State of-Penn'sylvania, have inventedcertain new requen'cy-Me ters, ofwhich'the following is a specification, j reference beingghad "therein to theaccom frequencymieter.

- p'anying drav'rings, formingpartspecification,,-inwhic v F'gure l ji sia ing onemannerof mounting the reeds. Fi 3 is a plan view, with the cover. remove showingthe interior construction. Fig-4 is a vertical cross-section on the line IV IV of Fig.v 3. Figs 5 is a similar view on the line V V of Fig. -1. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional detail view showing mechanism for producing a ray of light upon vibration of any one reed. Fig; 7 is a sectional plan view of this construction, showin the light-aperture, reed terminals, and re ector. Fig. 8 is adetail view of the upper portion of one. of the reeds pro-- vided with a button ofdistinguishing color.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 5, showing a construction em loying oppo- *sitely-located armatures for t e purpose of synchronizing: Fig. 10 is a sectional detail view illustratin one manner of mounting I the reed-bar an of controllingits vibration.

Fig. 11 is a sectional-plan ,vi'ew indicated by the line XI XI of Fig-'9.- -FigQ12 is a diagrammatic view showing the application of my invention toa generator. My-inventi-on refers to improvements in fre uency-meters for indicating directly on a sca e-the frequencyof an alternating circuit.

The princi 1e of the. invention is based on the laws of armonic vibration wherein reeds or strings having a natural rate of vibration when corresponding to an imposed or in-. yibrate activelyin sympathy duced rate will therewith. p v,

Electricians, and particularly those in charge of alternating-current stations, have long recognized. the need for an instrument which would indicate the frequency of the circuit accurately within one alternation. .The reasons for this are:

l fact that a system 'will work most satisfactorily and efficiently when running at the rate of alternation for which the system was Specification of Letters Patent. r licaticn filed December 7 1904. Serial No. 235,875.

p e 'dfayimages Fig.- i a detail .cr0ss--, c m fi w. On the line-II. II of Fig. 1 show Patented Sept. 18, 1906.

designed, and more particularly so when the current'is supplied to motors and other apparatus having coils which comprise an inductive-res1stance'. I v

Second. Where a. c.- generators are desired to run in arallel, it results in a saving of time to ave "an instrument which will indicate the fre "uency accurately over a sufficient range, so t at the generators can I be brought into step without resorting to the slowmethod connected, with synchronizing- 'lamps..

Nly invention has a special advantage in that two such'generators can be connected and will indicate their respective frequency on the same dial or scale, thus considerably facilitating the synchronizing operation.

Referring to the drawings wherein the in vention is illustrated, 2 represents the base, of any suitable construction, preferably circular, and provided with up er faces adapted to receive and support t e various portions, which are'in'closed within a surrounding upper case 3, having an inserted glass 4, adapted to expose the indicating-reeds.

'5 is the reed-bar, in which are rigidly mounted the reeds 6, of suitable material and arranged in aduated lengths, the dimensions thereof eing such that the rate of vibration of the reeds will successively increase or decrease from one end to the other in the same generalmanner as the reeds of a musi cal instrument. The upper portions of the reeds are preferably provided with an indicating-semaphore 7 or other signal device adapted to show by. contrast with the stationary reeds when any particular reed is vibrated, and these are arranged in relation to a graduated dial plateor scale 8. (Figs. 1 and 5.) r

In the drawings I-have shown the complete bar of reeds arranged, say, for; a sixtycycle circuit, the center reed opposite that point in the scale or dial marked 6O having respond to sixty cycles from the fact that the machine now to be described is constructed with a non-polarized coil and will consethe cycle, as it would if it we're'built with a coil and an armature suitably polarized. This reed having a rate of one hundred and twenty vibrations a second when the mechanism of the circuit connected to the instrument is exactly sixty cycles, will vibrate in a natural rate of vibration of, sa one hun- 'dred and twenty per second. T 's will corquently operate on alternationsinstead of on IIO 10 cient range for the purposes of the instrwment, while the difierences in= vibratpry rate to which the reeds are tuned issuch' as to in-- sure a proper degree of accuracy in the read-- mgr v I The reed-bar 5 is mounted in any suitable manner, so as-to be sensitive to the influence of magnetic force and Fig. 5 isshown'as mounted between cushioningebearings 9, of rubber or other suitable material, beingise 2o cured bys'crew 10, apressur espringl 1 1 being provided to limit or restrain its movement.

The reed-bar is provided with an armaturebar 1 2-, rigidly securedto it in any suitable manner and located within the magnetic'im These coils are connected in series with the motor by means of' the' usual wires, the case being provided with binding posts 14 for attachment;therewith-- Variations in potential, acting through the coils 13 at so many stated periods per second, will impart a vibration to the reed-bar 5'and reeds 6 at a corresponding rate per second, the reed-bar vibrating under the spring 1-1 as a fulcrum. -5 In Fig I have showna construction Where the reed-baris provided-With an arm15;, connected witha'springediaphragm 16 which acts to hold the reed-bar in position while allowing freedom of motion and also SGIV'BSthG added purpose'of absorbing any false vibra conjunction with the diaphragm to respondand' coact with the varying rates of vibration imparted to the reedbar by varying rates in frequency; second, it operates when 5 5 properly adjusted to counter-act to a certain extent the time effect or that factor of a lengthening of the true wave of potential which is caused by leading orlagging currents generally found to'be superimposed on a-regular current in a system, acting: in this respect somewhat as a condenser placed' in alternating circuitswill act to neutralize the efiect of lagging currents caused by self-induction of the system; third, in its adjust- 6 5 ment it acts in conjunction with the distance tion that may be set up either by the-acting of the magnet-poles of the armature to properly regulate the amplitude of vibration of the reed-barl 1 In Figs. 9 and 10 I have shown a modified construction of the mountin of the reed-"7o bar employing thin springlades 21, prov jectin'g'into' one or both sides of tliebearingbase, thereby providing a very sensitive support subject to the magnetic influence described. In the construction shown in. Fig; 2 a single such bladei's' used-"at onesside only. The reeds 6 are" preferably constructed oftemp'ered steel or other suitable ma/Beriaili Difierence in the vibratory reeds to which they are tuned is-such-as-toinsure a roper degree oi accurac in=the reaxling',-an there are many other actorsother thanythaaofi mere natural rate of vihration whieh 'muat be taken into consideration in theconstrmh tion and proper-'proportioning ofthereede for instance, as to sensitivene-sswor that property of the reed vibrating; in -harmony with an imposedi force;wherehy it-will cease or stopsuch vibration 'on aeertailn slight the imposed force. Thusthe'reedcawbeso constructed, proportioned-L and mounted I that it will vi brate'activeliii allowing i'i'teelf to he-forced-intoaetivevi ration even when the diflerence between-its natural rate and 5 that of the imposedforce is twooreven or more vibrationspensecon d while it can also be constructed so that it-will 'start-or stop vibrating. on so-slighta- (lifierenoe-ai one vibration-in-eightor ten-seconds betwee-n 10o its "ow-n rate and thatch-theimposedforce' with which itis designed to vibrate il-t-har mony These;- properties depend upon the length, disposition of the Wei hi1," thematic:

rial, and the cbnditionthereo otwhich-the I reed is constructed and also uponthe weight? shape nateifial anddisposition-of the weight w of thebar which supports'tihe'reedsgwupon the adjustingspringy size 0t the-diaphr' Ill-"16"; and position of the-'coil-.- The bar 0- reed's; having. been tuned to-the varying rates of vibration; and-"properly adjusted as--' te -sew sitiveriess and amplitude; ofvibration, tlfie visual effect upon a continuous variation-of rate of alternation when connectedwith the rx 5 circuit Willabe intheca/se-otchangefrom-a lower to a'- higher rate to produce; awave of a fvibrations moving from left to right on the tips 7 of the vibrating reed opposite the scale. The rapidity of vibrationissutzhthat the eflect on the eye isa=;mere lengthening of; the reed-tip; which-will'be plainly discernible opposite the graduated scale; Ae Va "rious modifications-of the reed-tilp n may be employed I do not desire to'be mited to" any particular'form of construction and'in Fig. 8 have illustrated a reed; provided with;

asmall head or button- 2-2, of white material: or'any contrasting colorfladapted to be-"im r l I I i ed to be uncovered upon vibration, allowing a.

ray to be projected u wardly against the under side of an incline reflector 27 and thence outwardly across the indicating-dial. By this construction a visible indication is immedi-' ately produced which is readily discernible in the dark. The coils maybe adjusted with relati on to the armature-bar by means of a setscrew 28, passin through a slot 29 of the coil-base 30,whi e the reed-bar, the dial-supports, and the various other elements of the device are suitably secured and attached, as shown and described. I

In- Figs. 9 and HI have shown a construction employing a double arrangement of coils 13, the reed-bar being providedwith corresponding double armature-bars 12, such arran ement being capable of being connected wit two generators for the purpose of synchronizing- In .this arrangement where two oppositely-mounted coils are used, each of which is connected in its respective circuit,

the double armature 12 acts to-impart vibration on coinciding impulses in opposing directions, and in this form of instrument are secured the best results on atwo-phase circuit, the enerators being connected. On the first an second phase, respectively, in order that the two phases shall be ninety degrees apart and so reinforce, extend, or counteract each other when both are in step, it

follows that in order that'the vibration of the reed which both rates of alternation affect simultaneously when in step will'be increased instead of'diminishedi To secure the same results, a double-wound single coil may be used, answering the same purpose,

but with this difference, that it can-be connected with a single-phase multiple machine, the impulses in such case acting in the same Also in cases where the instrument is used on a three or more phase curcuit the rates can be and are sometimes necessarily tuned to some one harmonic resulting from the'coactin g electromo'tiveforces, such being especially the case when three or four phases are reproduced by difl'erent Wind- 'ings on the same machine.

While in the various forms of construction which I have shown and described provision has been made for such conditions as usually arise and as I have explained, I do not desire to be limited thereto, as the principle of the invention may be embodied in various other forms in some of which it is better adapted to certain conditions than others, and I desire to include any formor arrangement whereby.

the frequency of one or more circuits is registered by the arrangement of a bar of reeds as described, in such relation to the circuit or circuits that they are vibrated by and vibrate in unison with the varying rates of al-.

ternation and undulation in cases where the alternating current could be transformed to a flow in one direction by any means.

The invention is not limited to the specificuse described, but may be employed. for de termining the speed of generators where, in

conjunction with an alternator,'it will when properly graduated show the speed of the directingpulley of the alternator.

The invention may be employed in connection with any suitable recording mechanism, as, for lnstance, a traveling band of paper adapted to be visually affected by the passage of a circuit roduced' by the vibration of the various ree s, as shown in my prior patent, No. 636,685, for weight and pressure recordin' apparatus What claim is 1. In a frequency-meter, the combination with an armature-bar provided with a series. of indicating-reeds and supplemental cushw ioning mechanism for the bar, of a magnetic coil in operative relation to the bar, and means for establishing a circuit through the coil, substantially as set forth.

2. In a frequency-meter, the combination with an armature-bar mounted on supplemental sensitive supporting-blades and'provided with a series of indicating-reeds, of a magnetic coil in operative relation to the bar, an means for establishing a circuit through the coil, substantially as set forth.

3. In a frequency-meter, the combination with a series of indicating-reeds and a su portin -bar therefor, with a base and supp ementa means for sensitively supporting the bar, of a magnetic coil .in o eratlve relation thereto, and meansfor esta lishing a circuit 'throu h the coil, substantially asset forth.

4. na frequency-meter, the combination of an armature-bar provided with a series of vibrating reed's, resiliently mounted adjusting mechanism adapted to control the vibration of the bar, and a magnet in operative relation to the bar, substantially as set forth.

5. In a'frequency-meter, the combination of an armature-bar provided with sensitive resilient supporting mechanism and a bearing ortion, a diaphragm arranged to support sa1 bearing portion, adjusting mechanism for said bearing portion, a series of indicatingreeds connected with the armature-bar, and a magnet adapted to impart vibration to the bar and reeds, substantially as set forth.

6. In a frequency-meter, the combination of an armature-bar provided with sensitive resilient supporting mechanism and a bearing ortion, a diaphragm arranged to support a magnet adapted to impart vibration to the bar and reeds, with means for adjusting the magnet, substantially as set forth.

7. In a frequency-meter, the combination of a registering-dial, an armature-bar provided with sensitive resilient supporting mechanism, means for controlling the vibration of the bar, a series of indicating-reeds connected with the armature-bar and ar ranged in operative relation to the register- ,in -dial, and a magnet adapted to impart vi ration to the bar-and ree s, substantially as set forth.

8, The combination with a source of'light and apertures therefor, of a series of vibrat- 15 in reeds adapted to uncover saidapertures, su stantially as set forth.

. 9. The combination with a source of light and apertures therefor, of a series of vibrating reeds ada ted to uncover said a ertures, with a reflecting device and a dial-p ate, substantially as set forth.-

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

Witnesses:

W. C. CARMAN, G. GREENWOOD.'

EDWARD. MQGARVEY, 7

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