US829474A - Loom. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED AUG. 28, 1906.

M. P. U. HOOPER.

LOOM.

APPLICATION FILED AUG. 20, 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHBET 1.

PATENTED AUG. 28, 1906.

M; P. G. HOOPER.

LOOM. APPLICATION FILED AUG. 20, 1902.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

' UNITED STATES PATENT orrron. MARY P. c. noorna. or NEW YORK, N. Y.

' 1.00M. ll

Patented Aug. 28, 1 906.

Application filed August 20, 1902. Serial No. 120,314.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MARY P. C. HOOPER, a citizcnof the-United States, residing at New York city, county of New York, and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Looms, fully described and represented in the following specification and the accompanying drawings, forming a part of the same.

This invention, relates to improvements in hand-looms, andparticularly to kindergarten.- loomsthat is to say, looms designed for use in instructing children in the art of weaving, although, as will hereinafter appear, the loom provided by the present invention may also be used with advantage b adults for the weaving of a variety of use 1 and ornamen tal articles As a full understanding of the invention can best be had from a detailed description of an organization embodying the same, such description will now be given, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a perspective view of a loom embodying the present invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 3 is an end view of the same looking toward the right of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a detail of Fig. 2, illustrating the manner in which the material may be removed from the loom upon the completion ofor when'it is desired to interrupt a weaving operation. Fig. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a modification in the construction of the loom, the loom of this figure being designed particularly for kindergarten purposes and so formed as to be convertible by a child into different kinds of articles, as shown in Figs. 6, 7, and 8, Fig. 6 showin the loom of Fig. 5 converted into a toy be tead, Fig. 7 s owing it converted into a toy work-bench, and Fig. 8 showing it converted into a drawing-board. Fi 9 is a modified form of heddle, which will be hereinaftcr referred toIand Fig. 10 is a cross-section of the same. 7

- Referring to said drawings, 1 represents the body portion or frame of the-loom, and

4 2 3 warp-holders, which are detachably connected to the body portion or frame 1 at oposite ends thereof. The frame 1 and warpholders 2 3 are preferably of wood, because of cheapness in manufacture and lightness'in weight. The front warp-holder 2 is connected to the body portion or frame 1 by means of a transverse slot formed in the latter, into which such warp-holder is introduced, while the warp-holder 3 is connected to the body portion or frame 1 by means of a transverse slot cut in such warp-holder and adapted for the entrance of the body portion or frame 1. The transverse slot in the body portion or frame 1' for receiving the front warp-holder 2 and the transverse slot in the rear warpholder 3 for receiving the body portion or frame 1 are inclined in opposite directions, as shown, so that when such warp-holders 2 3 are connected to the body portion 1 they will be inclined in opposite directions, as best illustrated in Fig. 2, so as to properly hold the warp-threads and prevent them from slipping off the Warp-holders. The warp-holders 2 3 are of different heights, as will be observed, (the front holder 2 being shorten) so that the loom will in use occupy an inclined position which is very convenient. The warp-holders 2 3 are provided with a plurality of saw cuts or slits, forming warp-holding pins 4, around trated in'Figs. 1 to 4. The warp-holders 2 3 are not only detachably connected to the body portion or frame 1, but are relatively adjustable lengthwise of said body portion or frame, so as to vary the length of the warp, the warp-holder 3 by reason of the slot formed therein and through which it is connected to the body portion or frame 1 being" movable movement for adjustment of the warp-holder 3 will by reason of its incline prevent displacement of the holder under the pull of the warp-holder 2. The loom of the resent invention is also provided with a ay 6, consisting of a strip, preferably of wood, 'provided'with vertical saw cuts or slits, forming teeth or pins 7 equal in number and extent of separation to thepin's 4 of the Warp-holders 2 3, such lay being movable longitudinally of thebody portion or frame '1 into en agement with each weft-thread 8 as it is lai between the warp-threads, so as to force it toward the contact with the previously-laid weft-thread. The loom is also provided with an oblong shuttle .9, preferably of wire, and provide lwith a slot 10 for receiving the weft-thread which the warp-threads 5 are passed, as illus rear warp-holder 3 and into alinement and bodily toward the warp-holder 2. The slot holder 3, while permitting such bodilywarp-threads extending between it and the.

and carrying it throu h the warp, this shutlatter, as shown, and hasface a series of annular grooves spaced to cor-' tle being moved by t e user back and forth between the sheds of the warp as thelatter are formed by the heddle, which will now be described.

The heddle above referred to for forming the sheds in the warp consists of a cylindrical.

bar 11, of wood, which in use rests uponbody portion or frame 1 between the lay 6 and the rear warp-holder 2 and in fproximity to the ormed in its surrespond to the spaces between the wagpthreads. Each warp-thread passes aroun a pin 4 on the warp-holders 2 3, sothat in the space between two pins of such warp-holders t ere are two wa -threads. The grooves in the heddle, there ore, areset or cut close to gether, so that two such grooves will come opposite each space or slot between the pins 4, so as to receive and se arate the two threads passin through suc slot or space. The two threa sin each slot are designed to be raised and lowered successively to form the shedthat is to sa when one of these two threads is up the ot er is down, and vice versa. To rovide for this'movement of the warp-threa s, thegrooves in the heddle are formed in a peculiar manner, each groove of the shuttle 9.

7 .io' 'heddle-bar is in the position shown in Figs. 1

having a high part 13 and a diametrically opposlte low part 13, with the high part of eachgroove in line with the low part of the next groove. 'From this it results that as the heddle is rotated each groove will successivelyraise and lowerthe warp-thread therein, and the several rooves thus raise each alternate warp-threaf and lower the others, and vice versa, thus forming the shed for the. assage In other words, w en the to 4, one set of warp-threads that is, alternate warp-threads will be raised by thehigh arts 13 of the grooves and the other threads owered (falling into the low parts l3 of the grooveslso as to form one shed, between which the shuttle 9-is moved by the user, as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, and when the f heddle-bar is iven a half-turn by the user a new shed is ormed, the previously-raised warp-threads being depressed and there viously-depressed threads raised by the eddle-bar. 'It will be understood that each weftthread at after it is drawnthrough the shed by the shuttle 9 will, as before stated, he moved rearwardly toward the warp-holder 3 and into contact and alinement with the previ-- ously-laid warp-thread by the lay 6, which is moved by the user lon tudinally of the body portion or frame 1 of t e loom toward warpolder3 and then returnedto warp-holder 2 before the next weft-thread is passed be-' tween'the' warp-threads.

When 1t is desired to remove a iece of mater1a l Woven upon the loom, all t at need be done is to ress the wa -holder 2 downwardly, as ilustrated in ig. 4, and disengage the warp-threads from the pins 4 thereof, when the opposite ends of the material or warp-threads may he slipped off the ins 40f the war -holder 3. The warp-hol er 2 is preferab y provided with pins 14, which en- These rods 1 are removable from the loom and whenm position thereon fest in two of the grooves at opposite endsof the heddle-bar 11, the rods bemg so positioned upon the heddle-bar as to be alternatel raised and lowered as the sheds are formed y such heddle-bar, one of the rods being raised and the other lowered as each shed is formed, as illustrated in Fig. 1, and vice versa, so that the shuttle 9 as it is moved between the warp-threads will pass over and under one rod 15 and then under and over the other, and upon its return movement pass over and under the latter rod and under and over the other. These rods 15 are preferably curved. or bent, at their front ends so as to conform to some extent to the curvature of the heddle-bar 11, the object of so curving or bending the rods being to prevent such movement thereof upon the rotation of the heddle-bar as might result in disengaging them from the pins 4 of the warp-holder 2. If desired, rubber bands 16 may be used for holding the rods 15 against upward movemen't out of engagement withthe pins 4 of the holders 2 3, ,as shown in Fig. 1; but such 1 bands will only be necessary at the beginning of a weaving operation, as the weft-threads thereafter may be relied upon to hold the rods in place. weaving operation the rods 15 are removed from the material woven simply by slipping them lengthwise out of engagement, with the weft-threads passing around them. This ma be done while the material woven is still on the loom or after the material woven is removed from theloom.

It will be observed that the several arts of the loom thus far described are detac able from the body portion or frame 1, so that Upon the completion of athey may be conveniently acked away for storage or shipment. Pre erably, also, the body portion or frame 1 is hinged, as at 16, so

that it ma be folded up into small compass. I

The bo y ortion or frame 1 is preferably rovided with saw cuts or slits 17 at one of its ends, the urpose of which is to receive and hold the notted end of a warp-thread as the latter is passed around the pins 4 of the warp-holders 2 3 reparatory to weaving and also to provide or the'weaving of a piece of material having a greater length than that of the loom. When it is desired to weave such a greater length of material, all that is necessary to be'done is to pass the warp.

threads around the teeth or pins 4*, formed by the saw cuts or slits 17 in the end of the i then slipped down over the pins 4 of the warparticles of various kinds. -may by the use of. the front warp-holder 2* holder 3 (with the last weft-thread thereof on the rear side of said holder) and the unwoven warp-threads, previously held in slits 17, moved through the slits between pins 4 of warp-holder 2 and properly secured in position therein. The warp-holder 3, as before stated, is adjustable; so that it may be moved to or from the warp-holder 2, if necessary, according to the length of the war -threads so moved to position through the s its in warp holder 2. i

The body portion or frame 1 instead of being made in two sections hinged together, as

in Figs. and 2, may be made in a single' piece, as in'Fig. 5, and the warp-holders 2 3 instead of being connected thereto, as inFigs. land 2that is to say, with one fixed and theother having a sliding connection to body portion or frame-1may be both connected to the body portion or frame 1 b oppositelyinclined slots formed in such be y portion or frame. v

The frame or body portion 1 may be utilized by children in making 1%) toys or useful r example, it

and another support or headboard 3 be converted into a miniature bedstead, as shown in Fig. 6, or by the use of suitable supports 2 3 be converted into a miniature work-bench, as shown in 'Fig. 7, orb the use of suitable sup orts 2 3 into an inc ined drawing-board, as s own in Fig. 8. This feature of convertibility is of uite a little importance, as with my device c ildren may be taught not only the art of weaving, but the way in whichvarious useful articles are manufactured or put together. 3

Referring now to Figs. 9-and 10, the modified form of heddle-bar there shown will be described. The heddle-bar here shown is precisely the same as that of Figs. 1 to 2, ex-

cept that it is made in two sections which interlock at 18, the ur ose of this construction being to adapt the eddle-bar for use on a narrow piece of material or narrow loom (when one section only will be used) or a wider piece of material or a wider loom (when the two sections will be put together and used.

\Nhat I claim is 1. A portable hand-loom comprising warpholding means and a pair of weft-holders of substantially rigid material movable in opposite directions with the warp-threads, as each shed is formed, and adapted to be withdrawn from the material woven, substantially as described.

2. A portable hand-loom comprising warpholding means and a pair of relatively ad ustable weft-holders of substantially rigid material movable in opposite directions with the warp-threads, as each shed is formed, and

adapted to be withdrawn from the material woven, substantially as described.

3. A portable hand-loom comprising warpholding means, a toothed lay, and a pair 0 weft-holders of substantially rigid material adapted to be withdrawn from the material ,woven, substantially as described.

4. A portable hand-loom comprising war .holding means, a heddle, and a pair of we tholders of substantially rigid material adapted to'be withdrawn from the material woven,

' substantially as described.

5. A portable hand-loom coin rising war holding means, a toothed lay, a eddle, an a pair of weft-holders of substantially rigid material adapted to be withdrawn from the material woven, substantially as described.

6. A hand-loom comprising warp-holding means, a heddle, and weft-holders of substantially rigid material movable by the heddle in opposite directions with the warp. threads, as each shed is formed, and adapted to be withdrawn from the material woven, substantially as described.

7. A hand-loom compri 'ng warp-holding means, a toothed lay, a heddle, and weftholders of substantially rigid material movi able by the heddle in opposite directions with the warp-threads, as each shed is formed, and adapted to be withdrawn from the material woven, substantially as described.

8. A shuttle for hand-looms consisting of a member having an elongatedslot or opening of substantially the length of said member for the weft-thread and adapted to enter the warp-threads at either end, whereby the shuttle may be passed back and forth without reversal, substantially as described.

9. A loom of the class described COIDPIIS" ing a body portion or frame having a transverse slot, a war -holder detachably secured in said slot, an a second warp-holder adjustably secured to said body portion or frame, substantially as described.

' 10. A loom of he class described comprising a body portion or frame having a transverse slot, a war -holder detachably secured in said slot, an a second warpholder ad- 'justably secured to said body portion or frame by aslot in the warp-holder through which the body portion or frame passes, sub-- stantially as described.

11. A loom of the class described comprising a body portion or frame and suitable detachable warp-holders also serving as supports for the body portion or frame, substantially as described. a

12. A loom of the class described comprising a body portion or frame and suitable dedetachable warp-holders, and means outside,

one of the warp-holders adapted to engage and hold the Warp-threads when of greater length than the distance between the Warpholders, substantially as described.

14. A loom of the class described compris ing a body portion or frame, a pair of suitable detachab e warp-holders, and means outside each of the warp-holders ada ted to engage and hold the warp-threads w en of greater length than the distance-between th 7 e warp; holders, substan'tiallyas described.

15. A loom of the class described compris-.

ing a bod portion or frame, a pair of suitable detachab e warp-holders, and means outside one of the warp-holders adapted to engage and hold the warp-threadswhen of greater length than the distance between the war holders, such means consisting of slits in t ebody 'gortion or frame, substantially as describe i 1.6. A loom of the class described comprising a bod portion or frame, a pair of suitable detachab e warp-holders, and means outside each of the warp-holders adapted to engage and hold the warp-threads when of greater length than the distance between the warp- -holders, such means consisting of slits in the body portion or frame, substantially as de scribed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. a

MARY P. c. HOOPER.1

, Witnesses:

J. A. GRAVEi'S, T. F. KEHoE.

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