US8294416B2 - Method and device for controlling the operating point of a battery - Google Patents

Method and device for controlling the operating point of a battery Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US8294416B2
US8294416B2 US12/091,315 US9131506A US8294416B2 US 8294416 B2 US8294416 B2 US 8294416B2 US 9131506 A US9131506 A US 9131506A US 8294416 B2 US8294416 B2 US 8294416B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
soc
battery
charging state
age
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related, expires
Application number
US12/091,315
Other versions
US20080284378A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Birke
Michael Keller
Manfred Malik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Conti Temic Microelectronic GmbH
Original Assignee
Conti Temic Microelectronic GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Conti Temic Microelectronic GmbH filed Critical Conti Temic Microelectronic GmbH
Assigned to CONTI TEMIC MICROELECTRONIC GMBH reassignment CONTI TEMIC MICROELECTRONIC GMBH ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BIRKE, PETER, KELLER, MICHAEL, MALIK, MANFRED
Publication of US20080284378A1 publication Critical patent/US20080284378A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US8294416B2 publication Critical patent/US8294416B2/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/12—Recording operating variables ; Monitoring of operating variables
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/15—Preventing overcharging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • G01R31/374—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC] with means for correcting the measurement for temperature or ageing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H02J7/007188—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters
    • H02J7/007192—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature
    • H02J7/007194—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the charge cycle being controlled or terminated in response to non-electric parameters in response to temperature of the battery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/30—Nickel accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/34—Gastight accumulators
    • H01M10/345—Gastight metal hydride accumulators
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the operating point of a battery, in particular a secondary battery, for a motor vehicle, in particular for the purpose of automatically setting the operating point.
  • a secondary battery is considered to be a re-chargeable storage unit (also known as a storage battery or secondary storage unit), as opposed to a primary battery which cannot be re-charged.
  • the word “battery” as used below refers in all cases to a secondary battery.
  • a nickel metal hybrid battery, a lithium ion battery, a lead battery or a lithium polymer battery or another suitable, re-chargeable storage unit is used in particular as a motor vehicle battery.
  • the operating point of the battery is here in particular considered to be the setting of the charging state of the battery in which an optimum, i.e. a maximum, working life-extending, input or removal of power is possible.
  • the capacity i.e. the quantity of current which can be removed under certain conditions, depends strongly on non-electrical parameters such as ambient temperature, cell temperature and age. Of particular significance is the strongly temperature-dependent behaviour of a battery.
  • the capacity and the charge state of a nickel metal hydride battery depend strongly on the ambient temperature due to the hydrogen storage alloy used in the negative electrode.
  • the hydrogen absorption and thus the chargeability is noticeably negatively influenced by the negative electrode, since with the increasing temperature, a hydrogen counter-pressure is built up.
  • metal hydride storage units also known as “hydrogen tanks” with which hydrogen is well bonded in a hydrogen storage alloy, but is also expelled again by heat. As a result, the capacity and therefore the removal are restricted.
  • the capacity i.e. the removable charge or current quantity
  • Modern batteries such as nickel metal hydride batteries or lithium ion batteries comprise a high power density of up to 1.8 kw per kg or 3 kW per kg, so that a high level of removal and good chargeability at low temperatures is already partially possible.
  • the battery availability is usually monitored constantly.
  • the battery state e.g. the charging state, the capacity and/or the age of the battery and from this information, to determine the current power rating of the battery.
  • methods of this type are generally based on expensive current and voltage measuring procedures, or on expensive model calculations based on experience.
  • a nickel metal hydride battery is able to operate with full charging and discharging power in a capacity range of between 30% and 70%, due to the high power density.
  • the charging is strongly restricted, since otherwise, harmful overcharging of the battery may occur, which could lead to a significant reduction in the working life of the battery.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for controlling the operating point of a battery, so that an optimal utilisation of the capacity range of the battery is made possible.
  • the object is also to provide a particularly suitable device.
  • the object is attained according to the invention by a method for controlling the operating point (AP, AP 1 , AP 2 ) of a battery ( 1 ), such as a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lithium polymer battery, in which the charging state (SocC 1 , SoC 2 ) of the battery ( 1 ) is recorded as the state variable which determines the operating point (AP 1 , AP 2 ) of the battery ( 1 ), wherein the current operating point (AP 1 , AP 2 ) is set by means of a corresponding set value (SoC AP1 , SoC AP2 ) for the charging state (SoC 1 , SoC 2 ) which is continuously adjusted depending on the temperature (T) and/or on the age state (SoH).
  • a battery such as a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lithium polymer battery
  • the charging state (SocC 1 , SoC 2 ) of the battery ( 1 ) is recorded as
  • the current charging state of the battery is recorded as a state variable which determines the operating point of the battery, wherein the current operating point is set by means of a corresponding set value for the charging state which is continuously adjusted depending on the temperature and/or on the age of the battery.
  • a temperature and/or age-dependent adjustment of the specified set value for the charging state of the battery enables a dynamic setting of the operating point of the battery, as a result of which the working life and duration of operation of the battery can be significantly extended.
  • the battery is optimised for an electric drive with a hybrid vehicle in terms of the time available and the power which can be drawn.
  • the set value for the charging state is continuously adjusted in dependence on the temperature.
  • temperature-dependent negative effects such as a too low charging state at low temperatures, or a too high charging state at high temperatures, can be offset by adapting the set value for the charging state on the basis of the temperature characteristic curve.
  • power is also supplied in order to compensate an anticipated voltage drop.
  • the battery is discharged if appropriate, in order to compensate the hydrogen counterpressure.
  • the temperature characteristic curve for determining the current set value for the charging state here takes into account the ambient temperature in particular as the temperature. Depending on the degree of precision of the method, further, addition temperature parameters such as the battery temperature, in particular the cell temperature, can be recorded and taken into account.
  • the available capacity of a battery depends to a large extent on its age.
  • the current set value for the charging state can therefore be adapted using an age-dependent correction factor and on the basis of a specified second, in particular age-dependent characteristic curve for the correction factor, and can be adjusted.
  • the age-dependent characteristic curve contains a correction factor for the charging state depending on the age of the battery.
  • SoC AP SoC set ( T )* SoC corr [2.1]
  • SoC set (T) set value for the charging state, depending on the temperature T and measured at the temperature of SoC act
  • SoC corr age-dependent correction factor
  • SoC act actual temperature value.
  • the current charging state or the operating point of the battery can be adjusted on the basis of an age-dependent correction factor using a corresponding second characteristic curve.
  • An adjustment of this type is required due to reversible and irreversible electrochemical operating and ageing processes in the battery.
  • the temperature-dependent or age-dependent setting of the operating point can be conducted either in combination or as an alternative. For example, with a fresh, new battery, only the temperature-dependent setting of the operating point is selected. With an older battery, however, the age-dependent setting is added, or is taken into account as an alternative.
  • the age-dependent correction factor can be determined in the standard manner on the basis of a model-based estimation method for the capacity and power rating of the battery. Furthermore, the age of the battery is determined and compared with the stored values of a fresh battery.
  • a compensation charge is advantageously conducted. After the compensation charge has been completed, the current charging state is again determined. If this current charging state continues to fail to reach the adapted set value for the charging state, a test is made as to whether following a corresponding adaptation of the age-dependent correction factor by increasing the age by a value greater than 1, the age still lies within a functional range. If this is not the case, the battery needs to be replaced.
  • At least one processor which is in particular part of a control device, is provided, by means of which the operating point of the battery can be set continuously using a set value for the charging state which is dynamically adjusted on the basis of the temperature and/or the age of the battery.
  • the advantages attained with the invention are in particular that in addition to the standard determination of the charging state, for example using current and voltage measurements, the charging state is adjusted, i.e. adapted, depending on temperature and age.
  • This type of adjustment of the charging state of the battery using temperature and age results in a significantly longer working life and duration of operation of the battery, and an optimum use of the available time and power for the operation of a motor vehicle, in particular for the electric drive mode of a hybrid motor vehicle.
  • the charging state is dynamically adjusted to an updated and optimum operating point as a function of the temperature and age of the battery.
  • the updated operating point enables in particular the functions typical for the hybrid mode of a hybrid motor vehicle, such as “boosting”, “recuperating” or “charging” the battery, or “current removal” from the battery with a long working life and a high availability of the battery.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a device for controlling the operating point of a battery, depending on the temperature and/or the age of the battery
  • FIG. 2 shows a first temperature-dependent characteristic curve for specifying a set value for the charging state of the battery
  • FIG. 3 shows a second age-dependent characteristic curve for specifying a correction value for the charging state value in the operating point, depending on the age of the battery
  • FIG. 1 shows a device for controlling the operating point of a battery 1 for a motor vehicle.
  • the battery 1 can be a battery for use in an energy storage unit for a hybrid motor vehicle, also referred to below as a traction battery.
  • a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery is used as a traction battery.
  • an additional, secondary battery 2 can be provided in the form of a lead acid battery. The batteries 1 and 2 are charged while driving by means of a generator 3 .
  • the device comprises a control device 4 such as a battery control device or an on-board electrical system control device, which is connected with the battery 1 and the secondary battery 2 , as well as with the generator 3 .
  • a control device 4 such as a battery control device or an on-board electrical system control device, which is connected with the battery 1 and the secondary battery 2 , as well as with the generator 3 .
  • the control device 4 as parameters of the battery 1 and the secondary battery 2 , the charging state SoC of said batteries is recorded, for example on the basis of voltage and/or current and/or temperature measurements.
  • the ambient temperature is recorded as the temperature T.
  • the respective battery or cell temperature can be recorded as the temperature T.
  • the age state SoH of the battery 1 or 2 data is required as a result of e.g. surface passivation of the electrodes of the battery, gradual drying of the battery cells, contact losses and an increase in cell impedances resulting from these processes, as well as a reduction in battery capacity in relation to the same discharging final voltage.
  • This data can be recorded and taken into account when determining the age state SoH, for example by means of a model-based estimation method.
  • charging state deviations of individual battery cells within a serial connection can be taken into account, wherein an annulment of the deviations caused by a compensation charge can also be recorded and evaluated.
  • control device 4 can for example be connected with other control devices 6 , the brake control device.
  • the on-board electrical system battery in modern vehicles is monitored continuously for its charging state SoC in order to ensure sufficient supply to the electric consumers such as ignition, fuel injection, lighting, heating, air conditioning and braking.
  • the charging state SoC should lie within a charging state range of between 50% and 60% for a fresh battery.
  • the set value SoC set for the charging state SoC is continuously specified on the basis of a first, temperature-dependent characteristic curve KI, which is shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the set value SoC set for the charging state SoC is continuously adjusted on the basis of the current temperature T according to the ratio [1].
  • a low charging state SoC 1 arises at a low temperature T 1 , as a result of the specified set value SoC AP1 which is adjusted in dependence on the temperature for the charging state SoC 1 by means of the control device 4 , a corresponding operating point AP 1 is set, wherein a charging of the battery 1 is effected and a discharging of the battery 1 by the generator 3 is suppressed.
  • the corresponding operating point AP 2 is set accordingly, wherein by means of the control device 4 , a discharging of the battery 1 is effected, for example by the generator 3 .
  • a second, age-dependent characteristic curve KII can be used in order to set the respective operating point AP of the battery 1 .
  • the second characteristic curve 11 which is shown in greater detail in FIG. 3 , is here used to determine an age-dependent correction factor SoC corr for the charging state SoC.
  • the age-dependent correction factor SoC corr results as a function of the determined age state SoH of the battery 1 .
  • the age state SoH is in the standard manner determined for example using corresponding algorithms such as model-based estimation methods for determining the power rating of the battery, in particular its availability or functionality.
  • the correction factor SoC corr is taken into account when setting the current operating point AP of the battery 1 .
  • a compensation charge is recommended in the case of an NiMH battery, following which the age state SoH is again determined. If the battery 1 is not of a functional age state SoH, an exchange of the battery 1 is issued.
  • the age state SoH is being determined, in the case of an NiMH battery, electrochemical operating and ageing processes are also taken into account in a differentiated manner, and are divided into irreversible and reversible processes.
  • irreversible processes surface passivation of the electrodes, gradual drying of the cells, contact losses and resulting increases in cell impedances and reduction in capacity are for example taken into account by means of the correction factor SoC corr in relation to the same discharging final voltage.
  • deviations between cells within a serial connection are for example taken into account.
  • a compensation charging of the battery 1 by means of the control device 4 is recommended while driving or at the next stop, or during the next service, and is activated if appropriate. If as a result of the compensation charge the age state SoH fails to reach the specified value, e.g. 100% for full functionality, the operating point AP is raised by means of the correction factor SoC corr .
  • the operating point AP can only be set on the basis of the first temperature-dependent characteristic curve KI or only on the basis of the second age-dependent characteristic curve KII or on the basis of both characteristic curves KI and KII according to the ratios [1] to [3], wherein the set value SoC AP is adjusted accordingly in dependence on the temperature and/or the age.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for controlling the operating point (AP, AP1, AP2) of a battery (1), such as a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium polymer battery. The charging state (SoC1, SoC2) of the battery (1) is recorded as a state variable which determines the current operating point (AP1, AP2) of the battery (1). The current operating point (AP1, AP2) is set by a corresponding set value (SoCAP1, SoCAP2) for the charging state (SoC1, SoC2) which is continuously adjusted depending on the temperature (T) and/or on the age state (SoH) of the battery.

Description

This application is the U.S. national phase of international application PCT/DE2006/000846 filed May 17, 2006, which designated the U.S. and which claims the benefit of priority of German Patent Application Number 10 2005 052 868.6 filed Oct. 28, 2005. The contents of each of the aforementioned documents are incorporated herein in their entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a method and a device for controlling the operating point of a battery, in particular a secondary battery, for a motor vehicle, in particular for the purpose of automatically setting the operating point. A secondary battery is considered to be a re-chargeable storage unit (also known as a storage battery or secondary storage unit), as opposed to a primary battery which cannot be re-charged. The word “battery” as used below refers in all cases to a secondary battery. In particular, a nickel metal hybrid battery, a lithium ion battery, a lead battery or a lithium polymer battery or another suitable, re-chargeable storage unit is used in particular as a motor vehicle battery. The operating point of the battery is here in particular considered to be the setting of the charging state of the battery in which an optimum, i.e. a maximum, working life-extending, input or removal of power is possible.
Currently, ever increasing demands are made on vehicle batteries due to the increasing number of electrical systems and the addition of systems which also need to be supplied when the motor vehicle is switched off. Thus, diesel engines require high currents, in particular at low temperatures (high cold-start power) and motor vehicles with electric equipment such as electro-hydraulic brake systems require constant battery availability for safety reasons.
Here, the capacity, i.e. the quantity of current which can be removed under certain conditions, depends strongly on non-electrical parameters such as ambient temperature, cell temperature and age. Of particular significance is the strongly temperature-dependent behaviour of a battery. Thus for example, the capacity and the charge state of a nickel metal hydride battery (also abbreviated to NiMH battery) depend strongly on the ambient temperature due to the hydrogen storage alloy used in the negative electrode. At low temperatures, hydrogen with worse dismantling and installation kinetics is emitted and absorbed by the negative electrode. At higher temperatures, the hydrogen absorption and thus the chargeability is noticeably negatively influenced by the negative electrode, since with the increasing temperature, a hydrogen counter-pressure is built up. These temperature-dependent effects occur with modern, metal hydride storage units (also known as “hydrogen tanks”) with which hydrogen is well bonded in a hydrogen storage alloy, but is also expelled again by heat. As a result, the capacity and therefore the removal are restricted.
Furthermore, the capacity, i.e. the removable charge or current quantity, depends strongly on the charging state of the battery. Modern batteries such as nickel metal hydride batteries or lithium ion batteries comprise a high power density of up to 1.8 kw per kg or 3 kW per kg, so that a high level of removal and good chargeability at low temperatures is already partially possible.
In order to be able to retain the different electrical functions of the motor vehicle while driving, such as the start function or safety functions, the battery availability is usually monitored constantly. In this regard, it is known how to determine the battery state, e.g. the charging state, the capacity and/or the age of the battery and from this information, to determine the current power rating of the battery. Here, methods of this type are generally based on expensive current and voltage measuring procedures, or on expensive model calculations based on experience.
It is thus known from DE 199 18 529 B4 how to determine the charging state and/or the capacity of a battery based on a measurement of the battery current and a calculation of a measured removed charge from the time progression of the battery current, taking into account the open-circuit voltage of the battery.
The known methods here enable the determination of the removable charge (=discharging) and the charging ability (=charging) of the battery in its capacity range, based on the current and voltage measurement, and taking into account the charging state of the battery. Thus, a nickel metal hydride battery is able to operate with full charging and discharging power in a capacity range of between 30% and 70%, due to the high power density. When the battery has reached a charging state of 90%, the charging is strongly restricted, since otherwise, harmful overcharging of the battery may occur, which could lead to a significant reduction in the working life of the battery.
The object of the invention is to provide a method for controlling the operating point of a battery, so that an optimal utilisation of the capacity range of the battery is made possible. The object is also to provide a particularly suitable device.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The object is attained according to the invention by a method for controlling the operating point (AP, AP1, AP2) of a battery (1), such as a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lithium polymer battery, in which the charging state (SocC1, SoC2) of the battery (1) is recorded as the state variable which determines the operating point (AP1, AP2) of the battery (1), wherein the current operating point (AP1, AP2) is set by means of a corresponding set value (SoCAP1, SoCAP2) for the charging state (SoC1, SoC2) which is continuously adjusted depending on the temperature (T) and/or on the age state (SoH). The object is also achieved by a device for conducting a method for controlling the operating point (AP, AP1, AP2) of a battery (1), in particular of a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lithium polymer battery, comprising at least one processor which is in particular part of a control device (4), by means of which the operating point (AP1, AP2) of the battery (1) can be set continuously using a set value for the charging state (SoC1, SoC2) which is dynamically adjusted on the basis of the temperature (T) and/or the age state (SoH) of the battery (1).
According to the invention, with the method for controlling the operating point of a battery, in particular of a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium polymer battery, the current charging state of the battery is recorded as a state variable which determines the operating point of the battery, wherein the current operating point is set by means of a corresponding set value for the charging state which is continuously adjusted depending on the temperature and/or on the age of the battery. A temperature and/or age-dependent adjustment of the specified set value for the charging state of the battery enables a dynamic setting of the operating point of the battery, as a result of which the working life and duration of operation of the battery can be significantly extended. In addition, the battery is optimised for an electric drive with a hybrid vehicle in terms of the time available and the power which can be drawn.
Advantageously, the current set value for the charging state is adapted on the basis of a specified first characteristic curve, in particular, a set value characteristic curve, according to the following ratio:
SoC AP =SoC set(T)  [1]
with SoCAP=charging state value in the operating point, SoCset(T)=set value for the charging state depending on the temperature T.
In other words: the set value for the charging state is continuously adjusted in dependence on the temperature. As a result, temperature-dependent negative effects, such as a too low charging state at low temperatures, or a too high charging state at high temperatures, can be offset by adapting the set value for the charging state on the basis of the temperature characteristic curve. During this process, at low temperatures and with a low charging state, power is also supplied in order to compensate an anticipated voltage drop. By contrast, at high temperatures and with a high charging state, the battery is discharged if appropriate, in order to compensate the hydrogen counterpressure.
During this process, the current charging state of the battery is determined, for example on the basis of standard measuring methods, in particular on the basis of a continuous measurement of the battery current and the absorbed and/or removed charge, e.g. using an Ah counter (Ah=ampere hours). With another method, the current charging state can be determined on the basis of an open-circuit voltage measurement method.
The temperature characteristic curve for determining the current set value for the charging state here takes into account the ambient temperature in particular as the temperature. Depending on the degree of precision of the method, further, addition temperature parameters such as the battery temperature, in particular the cell temperature, can be recorded and taken into account.
Furthermore, the available capacity of a battery depends to a large extent on its age. In addition or as an alternative, the current set value for the charging state can therefore be adapted using an age-dependent correction factor and on the basis of a specified second, in particular age-dependent characteristic curve for the correction factor, and can be adjusted. The age-dependent characteristic curve contains a correction factor for the charging state depending on the age of the battery. During this process, the age-dependent correction factor is used for correcting the set value or alternatively the actual value for the charging state, and thus the following ratios are used for setting the operating point of the battery:
SoC AP =SoC set(T)*SoC corr  [2.1]
SoC AP =SoC set(T)*SoC set /SoC act  [2.2]
with SoCAP=charging state value in the operating point, SoCset(T)=set value for the charging state, depending on the temperature T and measured at the temperature of SoCact, SoCcorr=age-dependent correction factor, SoCact=actual temperature value.
In other words: the current charging state or the operating point of the battery can be adjusted on the basis of an age-dependent correction factor using a corresponding second characteristic curve. An adjustment of this type is required due to reversible and irreversible electrochemical operating and ageing processes in the battery.
The temperature-dependent or age-dependent setting of the operating point can be conducted either in combination or as an alternative. For example, with a fresh, new battery, only the temperature-dependent setting of the operating point is selected. With an older battery, however, the age-dependent setting is added, or is taken into account as an alternative.
The age-dependent correction factor can be determined in the standard manner on the basis of a model-based estimation method for the capacity and power rating of the battery. Furthermore, the age of the battery is determined and compared with the stored values of a fresh battery.
If the adapted set value for the charging state is not reached by the current charging state value, a compensation charge is advantageously conducted. After the compensation charge has been completed, the current charging state is again determined. If this current charging state continues to fail to reach the adapted set value for the charging state, a test is made as to whether following a corresponding adaptation of the age-dependent correction factor by increasing the age by a value greater than 1, the age still lies within a functional range. If this is not the case, the battery needs to be replaced.
With the device according to the invention for conducting the method for controlling the operating point, in one embodiment, at least one processor, which is in particular part of a control device, is provided, by means of which the operating point of the battery can be set continuously using a set value for the charging state which is dynamically adjusted on the basis of the temperature and/or the age of the battery.
The advantages attained with the invention are in particular that in addition to the standard determination of the charging state, for example using current and voltage measurements, the charging state is adjusted, i.e. adapted, depending on temperature and age. This type of adjustment of the charging state of the battery using temperature and age results in a significantly longer working life and duration of operation of the battery, and an optimum use of the available time and power for the operation of a motor vehicle, in particular for the electric drive mode of a hybrid motor vehicle. Here, the charging state is dynamically adjusted to an updated and optimum operating point as a function of the temperature and age of the battery. The updated operating point enables in particular the functions typical for the hybrid mode of a hybrid motor vehicle, such as “boosting”, “recuperating” or “charging” the battery, or “current removal” from the battery with a long working life and a high availability of the battery.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be explained in greater detail with reference to a drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a device for controlling the operating point of a battery, depending on the temperature and/or the age of the battery
FIG. 2 shows a first temperature-dependent characteristic curve for specifying a set value for the charging state of the battery, and
FIG. 3 shows a second age-dependent characteristic curve for specifying a correction value for the charging state value in the operating point, depending on the age of the battery
Parts which correspond to each other are assigned the same reference numerals in all Figures.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 shows a device for controlling the operating point of a battery 1 for a motor vehicle. The battery 1 can be a battery for use in an energy storage unit for a hybrid motor vehicle, also referred to below as a traction battery. For example, a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery is used as a traction battery. Furthermore, an additional, secondary battery 2 can be provided in the form of a lead acid battery. The batteries 1 and 2 are charged while driving by means of a generator 3.
In order to control the batteries 1 and 2, the device comprises a control device 4 such as a battery control device or an on-board electrical system control device, which is connected with the battery 1 and the secondary battery 2, as well as with the generator 3. By means of the control device 4, as parameters of the battery 1 and the secondary battery 2, the charging state SoC of said batteries is recorded, for example on the basis of voltage and/or current and/or temperature measurements.
Furthermore, by means of a temperature sensor 5, the ambient temperature is recorded as the temperature T. Alternatively or in addition to this, the respective battery or cell temperature can be recorded as the temperature T.
Furthermore, in order to determine the age state SoH of the battery 1 or 2, data is required as a result of e.g. surface passivation of the electrodes of the battery, gradual drying of the battery cells, contact losses and an increase in cell impedances resulting from these processes, as well as a reduction in battery capacity in relation to the same discharging final voltage. This data can be recorded and taken into account when determining the age state SoH, for example by means of a model-based estimation method. In particular with NiMH batteries, charging state deviations of individual battery cells within a serial connection can be taken into account, wherein an annulment of the deviations caused by a compensation charge can also be recorded and evaluated.
In order to take into account further parameters which are relevant to the motor vehicle such as the vehicle speed, the control device 4 can for example be connected with other control devices 6, the brake control device.
During standard operation of a motor vehicle, the on-board electrical system battery in modern vehicles is monitored continuously for its charging state SoC in order to ensure sufficient supply to the electric consumers such as ignition, fuel injection, lighting, heating, air conditioning and braking. During normal operation of the traction battery 1, such as a nickel metal hydride battery, the charging state SoC should lie within a charging state range of between 50% and 60% for a fresh battery.
According to the invention it is provided that not only the current charging state SoC is continuously recorded, but also to set the optimum operating point AP of the battery 1 using a set value SoCset for the charging state SoC in such a manner that the temperature T and/or the age state SoH of the battery 1 is taken into account.
For this purpose, the set value SoCset for the charging state SoC is continuously specified on the basis of a first, temperature-dependent characteristic curve KI, which is shown in FIG. 2. Here, the set value SoCset for the charging state SoC is continuously adjusted on the basis of the current temperature T according to the ratio [1].
If in driving mode, a low charging state SoC1 arises at a low temperature T1, as a result of the specified set value SoCAP1 which is adjusted in dependence on the temperature for the charging state SoC1 by means of the control device 4, a corresponding operating point AP1 is set, wherein a charging of the battery 1 is effected and a discharging of the battery 1 by the generator 3 is suppressed. If however the charging state SoC2 is too high at a high temperature T2, as a result of the temperature-dependent adjustment of the set value SoCAP2 for the charging state SoC2, the corresponding operating point AP2 is set accordingly, wherein by means of the control device 4, a discharging of the battery 1 is effected, for example by the generator 3.
Furthermore, in order to take into account the age state SoH of the battery 1, a second, age-dependent characteristic curve KII can be used in order to set the respective operating point AP of the battery 1. The second characteristic curve 11, which is shown in greater detail in FIG. 3, is here used to determine an age-dependent correction factor SoCcorr for the charging state SoC. The age-dependent correction factor SoCcorr results as a function of the determined age state SoH of the battery 1. The age state SoH is in the standard manner determined for example using corresponding algorithms such as model-based estimation methods for determining the power rating of the battery, in particular its availability or functionality. If the battery 1 has a fully functional age state SoH of greater than 70%, or a restricted functional age state SoH of between 50% and 70%, the correction factor SoCcorr is taken into account when setting the current operating point AP of the battery 1. At the restricted functional age, a compensation charge is recommended in the case of an NiMH battery, following which the age state SoH is again determined. If the battery 1 is not of a functional age state SoH, an exchange of the battery 1 is issued.
While the age state SoH is being determined, in the case of an NiMH battery, electrochemical operating and ageing processes are also taken into account in a differentiated manner, and are divided into irreversible and reversible processes. As irreversible processes, surface passivation of the electrodes, gradual drying of the cells, contact losses and resulting increases in cell impedances and reduction in capacity are for example taken into account by means of the correction factor SoCcorr in relation to the same discharging final voltage. As reversible processes, deviations between cells within a serial connection are for example taken into account. Depending on this, in the case of an NiMH battery, a compensation charging of the battery 1 by means of the control device 4 is recommended while driving or at the next stop, or during the next service, and is activated if appropriate. If as a result of the compensation charge the age state SoH fails to reach the specified value, e.g. 100% for full functionality, the operating point AP is raised by means of the correction factor SoCcorr.
Depending on the setting and the state of the battery 1, the operating point AP can only be set on the basis of the first temperature-dependent characteristic curve KI or only on the basis of the second age-dependent characteristic curve KII or on the basis of both characteristic curves KI and KII according to the ratios [1] to [3], wherein the set value SoCAP is adjusted accordingly in dependence on the temperature and/or the age.
If the battery 1 is fresh and new, only the temperature-dependent characteristic curve KI is used to set the operating point AP. However, with an older battery 1 and normal ambient temperatures, only the age-dependent characteristic curve KII is used to set the operating point AP.
The process described of taking into account the age state SoH and temperature T on the basis of characteristic curves KII or KI for adjusting the set value SoCAP for the charging state enables a significant extension of the duration of operation of the battery 1.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
  • 1 Battery
  • 2 Secondary battery
  • 3 Generator
  • 4 Control device
  • 5 Temperature sensor
  • 6 Further control devices
  • AP Operating point
  • KI, KII Characteristic curves
  • SoC Charging state
  • SoCsetSet value for the charging state
  • SoCactActual value for the charging state
  • SOCcorr Correction factor
  • SoH Age state
  • T Temperature

Claims (11)

1. A method for controlling the operating point(AP, AP1, AP2) of a battery (1), such as alithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a lithium polymer battery, the method comprising:
recording a charging state (SoC1, SoC2) of the battery (1) as a state variable,
setting corresponding operating points (AP1, AP2) by means of corresponding set values (SoCAP1, SoCAP2) for the charging state (SoC1, SoC2), the corresponding set values (SoCAP1, SoCAP2) are continuously adjusted depending on a temperature (T) and an age state (SoH).
2. A method according to claim 1, wherein which the current set value (SoCAP1, SoCAp2) is adapted for the charging state (SoC1, SoC2) on the basis of a specified temperature-dependent characteristic curve (KI).
3. A method according to claim 1, wherein the current charging state (SoC1, SoC2) of the battery (1) is determined on the basis of a measurement,of the battery current and the charge which is absorbed or removed.
4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the current charging state (SoC1, SoC2) is determined based on at least one of an open-circuit voltage measurement method and a model-based estimation method.
5. A method according to claim 1, wherein at least one of an ambient temperature, a battery temperature, and a cell temperature is recorded as the temperature (T).
6. A method according to claim 1, wherein the current set value (SoCAP1, SoCAP2) for the charging state (SoC1, SoC2) is adapted by means of an age-dependent correction factor (SoCcorr) and on the basis of a specified second.
7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the age-dependent correction factor (SoCcorr)is determined on the basis of a model-based estimation method for the capacity and power rating of the battery (1).
8. A method according to claim 6, wherein an age state (SoH) of the battery (1) is determined based on at least one of a voltage measurement method, a current measurement method and model-based estimation method.
9. A method according to claim 6, wherein when the adapted set value (SoCAp2) for the charging state (SoC2) is not reachd by the current charging state value, a compensation charge is conducted.
10. A method according to claim 9, wherein after the compensation charge has been completed, the age-dependent correction factor (SoCcorr) is set to a value greater than 1.
11. A device for conducting a method for controlling on operating point (AP, AP1, AP2) of a battery (1), such as a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, or a lithium polymer battery, the device comprising:
at least one processor which is part of a control device (4), wherein the processor is used so that an operating point (AP1, AP2) of the battery (1) can be set continuously using a set value for the charging state (SOC1, SOC2) which is dynamically adjusted based on at least one of a temperature (T) and an age state (SoH) of the battery (1).
US12/091,315 2005-10-28 2006-05-17 Method and device for controlling the operating point of a battery Expired - Fee Related US8294416B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005052868 2005-10-28
DE102005052868 2005-10-28
DE102005052868.6 2005-10-28
PCT/DE2006/000846 WO2007048366A1 (en) 2005-10-28 2006-05-17 Method and device for controlling the operating point of a battery

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20080284378A1 US20080284378A1 (en) 2008-11-20
US8294416B2 true US8294416B2 (en) 2012-10-23

Family

ID=36980624

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/091,315 Expired - Fee Related US8294416B2 (en) 2005-10-28 2006-05-17 Method and device for controlling the operating point of a battery

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US8294416B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1941288B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009514504A (en)
KR (1) KR101245788B1 (en)
DE (2) DE112006001175A5 (en)
WO (1) WO2007048366A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170144561A1 (en) * 2014-05-27 2017-05-25 Renault S.A.S. Method for estimation of the rehabilitation time of the performance of a traction battery of a hybrid vehicle
US10035427B2 (en) 2015-01-29 2018-07-31 Man Truck & Bus Ag Method and device for the open-loop and/or closed-loop control at least of one operating parameter of an electrical storage device, wherein said operating parameter influences a state of aging of an electrical energy storage device
US11814030B2 (en) * 2020-07-22 2023-11-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Electrified vehicle control using battery state of charge and power capability strategy
EP4279317A1 (en) * 2022-05-17 2023-11-22 Siemens Mobility GmbH Power control device for controlling charging electric power of power source

Families Citing this family (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4341652B2 (en) * 2006-09-04 2009-10-07 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Power storage control device and power storage control method
DE102008043825A1 (en) * 2008-11-18 2010-05-20 Wacker Chemie Ag Method for sealing surfaces
US9397502B2 (en) 2009-03-02 2016-07-19 Volterra Semiconductor LLC System and method for proportioned power distribution in power converter arrays
US10283974B2 (en) * 2009-03-02 2019-05-07 Volterra Semiconductor LLC Systems and methods for intelligent, adaptive management of energy storage packs
RU2403656C1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2010-11-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Информационные спутниковые системы" имени академика М.Ф. Решетнёва" Method of using lithium-ion accumulator battery in artificial earth satellite
DE102009042656A1 (en) * 2009-09-23 2011-03-24 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for controlling or regulating at least one operating parameter influencing the aging state of an electrical energy store
DE102010020683B4 (en) * 2010-05-15 2021-03-18 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Method and device for controlling a battery pulse heating operation of a traction battery of a hybrid vehicle
US8410760B2 (en) * 2010-08-02 2013-04-02 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Battery thermal system control strategy
US8473177B2 (en) * 2010-12-31 2013-06-25 Cummins, Inc. Apparatuses, methods, and systems for thermal management of hybrid vehicle SCR aftertreatment
US9347997B2 (en) * 2011-03-28 2016-05-24 Changs Ascending Enterprise Co., Ltd. State of charge determination systems and methods
US9312712B2 (en) * 2012-07-26 2016-04-12 Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. Method and system for controlling charging parameters of a battery using a plurality of temperature ranges and counters and parameter sets
FR2994339B1 (en) * 2012-08-06 2014-09-12 Commissariat Energie Atomique METHOD FOR MANAGING AND DIAGNOSING A BATTERY
WO2014068917A1 (en) * 2012-10-29 2014-05-08 三洋電機株式会社 Power supply device for vehicle
US9077181B2 (en) 2013-01-11 2015-07-07 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Battery section balancing methods and systems
EP2804248A1 (en) * 2013-05-17 2014-11-19 VEGA Grieshaber KG Ensuring the functionality of batteries
FR3006812A1 (en) 2013-06-06 2014-12-12 St Microelectronics Tours Sas MANAGING THE LIFETIME OF A BATTERY
CN105471009A (en) * 2014-09-04 2016-04-06 深圳富泰宏精密工业有限公司 Electronic device charging optimization system and method
FR3025663B1 (en) * 2014-09-10 2017-12-29 Renault Sas METHOD FOR MANAGING THE RANGE OF USE OF A BATTERY
DE102015007913A1 (en) * 2015-06-20 2016-12-22 Man Truck & Bus Ag Method for online adaptation of a characteristic curve of a hybrid vehicle
FR3041914B1 (en) * 2015-10-05 2018-07-13 Renault S.A.S. METHOD FOR DETERMINING TRACTION BATTERY UTILIZATION RANGES
DE102016112173A1 (en) * 2016-07-04 2018-01-04 Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft Method of adjustment
US20190033383A1 (en) * 2017-07-28 2019-01-31 Northstar Battery Company, Llc Systems and methods for determining a reserve time of a monobloc
CN110015166B (en) * 2017-08-31 2022-04-15 比亚迪股份有限公司 Cell Balancing Systems and Vehicles
CN110015169B (en) * 2017-08-31 2022-09-09 比亚迪股份有限公司 Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic device
CN110015178B (en) * 2017-08-31 2022-10-18 比亚迪股份有限公司 Battery equalization method, system, vehicle, storage medium and electronic device
DE102017221251A1 (en) 2017-11-28 2019-05-29 Audi Ag Method for operating an energy storage and battery system and motor vehicle
JP6744886B2 (en) 2018-03-20 2020-08-19 株式会社東芝 Battery safety evaluation device, battery safety evaluation method, program, control circuit, and power storage system
CN111845449A (en) * 2019-04-24 2020-10-30 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 Storage battery charging method, control device and electric automobile
US12257923B2 (en) 2019-07-01 2025-03-25 Volvo Truck Corporation Management of an energy storage system of a vehicle
DE102021204847A1 (en) 2021-05-12 2022-12-01 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Operation of an electrical energy store in a motor vehicle
FR3148197A1 (en) * 2023-04-28 2024-11-01 Renault S.A.S Method for determining a usage range of a hybrid motor vehicle battery

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5565759A (en) 1994-12-15 1996-10-15 Intel Corporation Smart battery providing battery life and recharge time prediction
US5945808A (en) * 1997-04-16 1999-08-31 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Hybrid electric vehicle with battery management
US20020030495A1 (en) 2000-08-17 2002-03-14 Mohamed Kechmire Method of testing a lead battery for the purpose of charging it under optimal conditions
US6388447B1 (en) * 2000-11-07 2002-05-14 Moltech Power Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for battery fuel gauging
US20030057918A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2003-03-27 International Business Machines Corporation Electric device with intelligent battery system therein
US6674266B2 (en) 2001-12-14 2004-01-06 Vb Autobatterie Gmbh Method for determining the operating state of an energy-storage battery
US20050119856A1 (en) * 2002-04-10 2005-06-02 Hitachi, Ltd. State detecting system and device employing the same
US20060038532A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2006-02-23 Denso Corporation Vehicle-mounted power supply system

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5049803A (en) * 1989-05-10 1991-09-17 Allied-Signal Inc. Method and apparatus for charging and testing batteries
KR100579922B1 (en) * 2003-12-02 2006-05-15 현대자동차주식회사 Battery available power calculation method and calculation system

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5565759A (en) 1994-12-15 1996-10-15 Intel Corporation Smart battery providing battery life and recharge time prediction
US5945808A (en) * 1997-04-16 1999-08-31 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Hybrid electric vehicle with battery management
US20020030495A1 (en) 2000-08-17 2002-03-14 Mohamed Kechmire Method of testing a lead battery for the purpose of charging it under optimal conditions
US6388447B1 (en) * 2000-11-07 2002-05-14 Moltech Power Systems, Inc. Method and apparatus for battery fuel gauging
US20030057918A1 (en) * 2001-09-19 2003-03-27 International Business Machines Corporation Electric device with intelligent battery system therein
US6674266B2 (en) 2001-12-14 2004-01-06 Vb Autobatterie Gmbh Method for determining the operating state of an energy-storage battery
US20050119856A1 (en) * 2002-04-10 2005-06-02 Hitachi, Ltd. State detecting system and device employing the same
US20060038532A1 (en) * 2004-08-23 2006-02-23 Denso Corporation Vehicle-mounted power supply system

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170144561A1 (en) * 2014-05-27 2017-05-25 Renault S.A.S. Method for estimation of the rehabilitation time of the performance of a traction battery of a hybrid vehicle
JP2017527241A (en) * 2014-05-27 2017-09-14 ルノー エス．ア．エス． Method for predicting recovery time of traction battery performance in hybrid vehicles
US10427536B2 (en) * 2014-05-27 2019-10-01 Renault S.A.S Method for estimation of the rehabilitation time of the performance of a traction battery of a hybrid vehicle
US10035427B2 (en) 2015-01-29 2018-07-31 Man Truck & Bus Ag Method and device for the open-loop and/or closed-loop control at least of one operating parameter of an electrical storage device, wherein said operating parameter influences a state of aging of an electrical energy storage device
US11814030B2 (en) * 2020-07-22 2023-11-14 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Electrified vehicle control using battery state of charge and power capability strategy
EP4279317A1 (en) * 2022-05-17 2023-11-22 Siemens Mobility GmbH Power control device for controlling charging electric power of power source

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE502006006534D1 (en) 2010-05-06
KR20080072012A (en) 2008-08-05
KR101245788B1 (en) 2013-03-20
US20080284378A1 (en) 2008-11-20
JP2009514504A (en) 2009-04-02
EP1941288B1 (en) 2010-03-24
WO2007048366A1 (en) 2007-05-03
EP1941288A1 (en) 2008-07-09
DE112006001175A5 (en) 2008-02-07

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8294416B2 (en) Method and device for controlling the operating point of a battery
JP6445190B2 (en) Battery control device
CN107128186B (en) System and method for battery state of health monitoring
US8085051B2 (en) Abnormality detecting device for storage element, abnormality detecting method for storage element, abnormality detecting program for storage element, and computer-readable recording medium storing abnormality detecting program
US8749201B2 (en) Battery pack capacity learn algorithm
JP4586832B2 (en) Electric vehicle
US7982433B2 (en) Method of adjusting SOC for battery and battery management system using the same
JP5819443B2 (en) Battery control device, battery system
US10286808B2 (en) Vehicle and method for controlling the same
US10574063B2 (en) Method and system for balancing a battery pack
US8674659B2 (en) Charge control device and vehicle equipped with the same
US20140103859A1 (en) Electric storage system
US8405355B2 (en) Energy storage system energy capacity and capability monitor
CN102162836A (en) Estimation method of vehicle battery stress optical coefficient (SOC)
US20140327407A1 (en) Method and system for managing the electric charges of battery cells
EP4224663B1 (en) Management device and power supply system
JP2014036497A (en) Power storage system and equalization method
JP2013210257A (en) Power storage device for railroad vehicle
US8441262B2 (en) Optimization of electrical component parameters in energy storage system models
CN113147423A (en) Hybrid vehicle, control method, control device, and storage medium for the same
US11603011B2 (en) Lithium plating detection and mitigation in electric vehicle batteries
KR101460560B1 (en) SOC management apparatus of ultra-capacitor pack for hybrid energy storage devices, and control method of the same
US20250277869A1 (en) Method for in-vehicle state estimation considering voltage fade
US20230288488A1 (en) Energy storage apparatus, energy storage system, internal resistance estimation method, and computer program
JP2023157620A (en) Control device or control method

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: CONTI TEMIC MICROELECTRONIC GMBH, GERMANY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BIRKE, PETER;MALIK, MANFRED;KELLER, MICHAEL;REEL/FRAME:020853/0897

Effective date: 20071112

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FEPP Fee payment procedure

Free format text: MAINTENANCE FEE REMINDER MAILED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: REM.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

LAPS Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED FOR FAILURE TO PAY MAINTENANCE FEES (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: EXP.); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

STCH Information on status: patent discontinuation

Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362

FP Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee

Effective date: 20201023