US81000A - peitt - Google Patents

Description

5 Sheets-Sheet 1.

J.PRATT.' MBGHANIGAL TYPOGR'APHER.

No. 81,000. Patented Aug. 1.1, 1868'.

Witnesses; Inventor:

5 Sheets--Sheet 2.

J. PRATT. MECHANICAL TYPOGRAPHBR.

N0. 81,000. Patented Aug.'11, 1868.

w,tnesses Inventor:

v '5 Sheets-Sl1eet 3,.

J PRATT. MECHANICAL TYPOGRAPHER.

No. 01,000. Patented Aug. 11, 1000.

I A A A 0 e Z. A Permit 0 v 1 .1 K 0= 0 7Q z 0.} "a a nu A .!.L I a, a A .I 5 1 U Inventor: Wm

Witnesses;

Gan a 361W 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

J. PRATT. MECHANICAL TYPOGRAPHER.

N0. 81,000. Patented Aug. 11, 1868.

Invento'r: Witnss-eu h i 53 gum git m.-

JOHN PRATT; OF GREs'fivI Ls. ALABAMA.

Letters Patent 1%. 81,000, dated Augit'st 11, 1868.

IMPROVEMIRH MBOHANIOAL TYPOGBAPEB'BB,

TC- sm: WHOM "IT MAY oosfcsnm Bsit known-that], 3011s Pas'n, of Grenville, in'thoStetQ oi Mahatma, havsinrented s new and main! I Mschinsfor writing-withfrype, which Lstylo the Pterotypei and I do hereby deolsre that the following is s full, clear, and onset description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed Gratings, making; port of the speoifiestionfln whiel 1-- I Fi'gnre 1. is splan of the machine,- with tl'istop of the frsmerA' removed.

Figure 2 is a front elevation, .v

Figure 8 is 1 longitudinal vertical ssctioii on the line 2 z, fig. 1.

Figure 4i: sseotion on the line z', fig. 1, showing the opposite side of themoohine.

Eignrsfi is 5 plan of the lovers and oscillating-rods. I

Fignre 6 represents the typs-plsts 'snci contiguous parts, I

Three operations are reqnisits for s machine for writing withtype; firlgit is assessor-y" to bring s niunber of type. in srbitrary succession. to one common ooiut; second; to form n eorresponiiitg legible impression s: that point; third, to food or more the paper across said common point, so as to make the proper intervsls between letters and words. I I 1 For those machines which do not write on an endless-strip of-psper,-bnt bees: and forth, so as to farm psgss, s device is also necessary for bringing the paper hack to its startir ig-point, sml at the some time moving it in a, direction at rightsng les with'the lilies, so ssto make the req'nisite distances between said linss.- These spew tions are performed in my msohine in the following nxannor:

The fume A A of the machine is eoustruoted of wood, the port A, being secured to the psrtA. by s tQllQ! sud-mortise joint and screw, or by n groove, 4, so that they nay. be reeclily sepsrstsd for sdjostmsnt. B is a hosrti 'egrtending across the lower part of the fume-A, sud serving as an attachment for vsrious parts of the mechsnisiix. B is o ky board secured to the frame A. O is s seriss of wooden levers strung np'oms wire, I),-

attscherl lotheksy-hosrd in buckets, a. Levin-s1) work nponriotkbearings, and may be weightedsto'ns-eust with lead weights, c, and are preferably steadied with guide-pins, flittached to the lrey hos'r kl, sad'iisssis'g through. grooves, g, funnel! in their ends. Lsvers G sre'oparated by keys, D, working in holes formed in the kfoyJmord, Ind resting upon or afired to said levers. If aliixedjo the loverskthey', will act as guides, and tho gains-pins may be dispensed with. Bars, E, fsooli with cloth, is, servo to limit the movement of the levers. O. 7 The firstthree operations of my' nisehino are performed through the said keys pus levors 0, tin two levers Y and W, on the right hand of the mschine, being emgloyell for the fourth opers'tioni' I will nondescribe how, ssid keys and levers 'brin'g it nnhxlier-ohtjpe' to the shine 'pinh The type sre formed in ralisfi'in parallel rows on a metal plate, I, having s tail-piece, for attachment to a vertical rod, G,

, operated by two 'oscillstisg-rods, H I, furnished with projections, It i; The was H I worl: in cloth-lined hearings in frame A, and extond scrcss .tl sfrirme, above the lersrs G, by whiehthsy ars oseillated. Topno of the injections, 7a, of the rod H, the vertical rod G is sttaiohed, hysmesns of 'gn' Indis-ruhber joi nt, j, whiah'sllows it motion in all directions. Tho bsek qf thetype-pl'ato is slightly pressed by 'ony suitable spring, 1, against s' mstol bar, k, restingin a cloth-liner socket, which bar sorvosss support for theplate while receiving theblo'ws I of thshsmmer .1. When opsrateti by thepscillntingwod saidflplste umves only in s-verticslzdirection, the

'izorizonts'l movement being sommnniented by the oscillating-rod I and bell-crank lever K. The lever K works in cloth-lined hearings i n thg block m, and is conneotd with the red I by the wire link it, and with the rod G- hy the wire link a, seidlinlrs working in India-rubber joints, 2. The employment of the link o-prevo nts the horisonlsl and vorticsl movements ofro d G frsm interfering. with each other, so that if the plate F is moved by only one of the osoillnting-rods H I, its movement is horizbntsl or vertical, according to the lever employed; Ifboth rods on moral? st the some timo, themovsment of the plate is diagonal, 5nd by varying their relative smonnt of movement, the direction and amount of movement of plate F vary in a .OOtlG-IPOhdiBB ratio. This rs ristil m is efl'ect'ell bymesn's of the oiijssting-sercws fifimlag throughlovers 0, and ranged under, the psojections hi i of the oscillating-rods H I. Tho position and adjustment-of these screws in any given lever are determined by the particular character pertaining to that lever. Thus the typo-plate, when stationary, having its centre opposite the point oi tho hammer J, the letter N, on the plate, is below and to the right of the impression-point, and must move upwards and to the left to reach it. The lever controlling N must therefore be furnished with a screw under the projection a" of the rod H, and',;inothcr screw under projection 1 of the rod 1. The depression of the key N and corresponding lever causes the said screws to strike said projection, and the type-plate to move upward, and to the left, a distance determined by the protection of said scrcw. The necessary adjustment to give the precise direction and distance which the platemast be moved in order to bring a type to the common point, is obtuioedhy turning the screws :r, which is done by applying a key to their heads, y. Elie typo-plate is stopped when lt -has reached no common point, and returned to its stationary position, when the key is released by the springs q q, r1, which press the vellum-hinged tongues as t t against the fixed projections 12 v, which projections prevent the springs from pressing against e'schfothcr. The pins w w lifted in tho oscillating-rod H 1', pass through holes :kin board B, and between the said tongues, so that the movement oi said rods, and therefore of'the typo-pldte, is, resisted in all directionsv Instcatb'ofhaving an adjusting-screw under only one of the projections of e rods H I for each of the levers 0, each of said levers C may hab/c scrcws under both of .said projections, to stopping as well as moving the said rods, which arrangemcnt may be employed, if desired:,,in conjunction w' the springs q q r r.

Instead of operating both oscillating-rods H I y one of the levers C, each of said rods may be moved by a eeparote lever, so as to render it necessary to do ress two keys to bringe. given character to the common point. In this arrangement, if the characters on' the type-plate are arranged in the form of a square, so that each row, vertical and lateral, shall have the same numbcr of characters, the number of keys necessary to be employed will be only twice the square root of the number-of characters. For example, if there are sixty-four charac termranged in eight vertical and eight horizontal rows, each of tho levers C will control one line, instead of i one character, and'the number-ct keys rcquired'will be only sixteen. This arrangement requires no ohange'i-n the construction of the machine, but only of adjustment. For convenience, the keys Daud levers C are proforably-errongedin two sets, one on each side of the keyboard, and the oscillatingrods- H I maybe placed end to and on the same line, instead of. parallel to each other, and each extend only half-the lateral space occupied "by the lovorcC. I The'parts immediately controlling the typc-plato may also be modified in form and arrangement. The typeplatemay be attaqhedtc the apex-of e triangular frame, the other angles of which are attnchedghy means of 7" universal one to each rod'HI; or it may be fixed to one end of a short radial rod, the othr end of which is attached to frame A by a universal joint, and giving to said plate a limited movement in'nny direction in a sphericnl plane, the said rod being moved by a system of links and levers similar to that already described. v

My machine is equally applicable to stonographic characters az'to those in common use. For stonographic characters, a single relief figure may be employed, ofvshch a form that, by bringing any part of said form to the common point, a great variety of characters may be produced. I employ for my atonograp'hic plats afigure s of this or any equivalent form, which, being movcdtovariou's distances, and in diii'crent dircctions, gives a corresponding number of characters; as, for example, 1' .L L L. itc- By addings figure 0r figu e of any equivalent shape, as thc'num'ber of characters may be multiplied at will.

To produce a legible impression, I employ a hammer, J, which, the instant after a type has reached the proper position, otrikesup'on it, and presses against it a sheet or shoots of carbonized and writing-paper, held incontccbbetwecn said hammer and the type-plate. Hammer J is constructed preferably of metal, and carriesin a groove'formed in'its-head, 2, 2:. small square pin, c aiso preferably of metal, and faced with skin., The pin a is secured by thc-sot-sore v b, which serves to adjust the pin, so that by being caused to project more or less, its face may coincide vertically with -the type-plate, the lateral adjustment of said hammer-face being efi'ected by the screw 11,, which secures the hammer in any intend position to which it may be turned'cn its stem. Hammer) worksin cloth-linedliol es, e, formed .in projections in the ber L. The hammer is operated by the rod hinged on a centre wire in the grooved block a, fixed to its butt, and having a'cutob, 6, its other ond. This catch engages an erm, c, projecting from the middle of the oscillating-rod M, which, when .a key is depressed, retracts the hammer from the type-plate against thelndin rubber spl'ingd, and lets it slip when the key is depressed through its full movement. The arm 1: is so shaped as to have an eccentric movement, the moment when it pushes the rod 9 oil the catch bbeing determined tho ecr'ew i, which passes through said rod, and impinges against the face of the arm a. A lend-sleight, j,- or a suitable spring, causes the catch 12 to clip back to its position when the osciliatiug-rod'M.ia'lls buck to'it's place. The rod H works in bearings, k,v and rests 'on projections i of tho' levcrs-Qby which it is operated The said India-rubber spring dacts on the rod'g, by means of the movable tongue or lever 9', against which the projection'v is pressed shed the hammer is retracted. The'tongue g is stopped by the block as, which prevents the hammer from being pressed against tlic type-plate' when stationary, the latter part of the movement of said hammer-beingaccomplished. by its impetus, Instead of operating the hammer by a spring, as described, it may-be thrown against the plate directly, by'the depression of a lever, after the manner of a piano-forte hummer. In this case, the rod correspending to the "sticker" of 'a piano-forte, should be of such a length that the slow depreasicn'of a key will not carry the hammer quite in contact with the type-plate F, the latter part of the movement bti'ngaccomplished by impetus, and said rod must also terminate, at its upper or lower end, in a spring of any convenient form, said arrangement being necessary to broalt the suddenness o't thekey-strolls, and allow the vibration of 3119 P ho common'poiut, to subside before the stroke of the hammer.

In order to feed the paper flaring the progrossoi' the writing, it is hold in a clamp, 0,,formed of thin slips of wood, bound together lay India-rubber cords, j', an l opened by pressure on their margins, k". Thisclamp roots in forks no in the frame P, from which it may be readily removed for 11 fresh sheet of paper. Frame-P slides in grooves in rt, formed in the upper-an l lon'or sides of the frame 0,. Frame 1 is moved from right to left by the square or tripngulnr tnctul roll R, rotating in bearings forinoll in hoaril B nnd the upper part of frame Aflend furnishoil with a pulley,S, an esoapernont-wheol, T, and pinion, o, The pulley S slides freely on'rotl R, rotating with it, and is connected with frame P by the cords p. The rod R is rotated, undthoframc P moved by means of tho India-rubber spring u, attached at one end to n fixccl hook, and at the other to a. lover, a, furnished with a curved rock. 6, 'gonrml with pinion 0"; l The inovcmont oi the whole is regulated by the escapcmont-whocl and crutch U. 3 Urotph U is opernterl'throughthc link a nml arm (2', by the oscillating-rod M, is complete oac'illutionot tho pallet: looking the interval between two characters, which oscillation is' efl'ecteu by striking and rel coring o. key. When it is dceiroll to cause the paper to move without an impression being moxie, it ia'only requisite to depress to key through o. portion of its movement, the whole movement not being reguisite to release a tooth ofthc uscnpcmcnbwhchl, To cause the frame I to return to its starting-point when a line has boon-completed, the two-levers, Y nod-W, :trcemployed, The lever'W is furnished with an arm, k, connected by linl; i'tvith hcil-cronlt' lovcr X, working in grooved. block' P. The lever X is connected by onother lining", with the later It. The lever it, working on the vellum-hinge Z, supports at one end the stud m, in

which tho-crutch U'oscillates. While the cscupcment is in. operation, the lever k is pressed by the spring 12 .Wptho pawl w leoves tllc'rock free, so that frame An additional lever and key may be employed, and the escspement:

against the arm o, the screw p serving to adjust its distance from theescapement-whoel. When u. line-of writing has been finisher], the lover W is depressed and by the action of the arm It, link i, bell-crank lover Xfimd liukj', the lover k, and with it'tho crutch and, pellets, are withdrawn fror'n the escapement-whecl. Thc escapemont wheel being thus freotl, the-lever Yis depressed, \vliioh, through the vertical link-rod q, operators the hell -crank lover 1". The lever 1r nioros thelcver a, and the curved rock b',' ongngod with pinion a, reverses the movement oi" the 0a B and cnusca the frame I? to return to the right-hand side of the frame Q. The distance between the lines is made by thelercr W,-in the some movement usthnt by which it frees the escopement-wheeh This it-cloeo by rslsing the-lin'k-rod fileror t, and pawl u. The pawl is kept from falling into the rock 11, pfixcd to frame Q, by the shoulder w, against which it is pressed by tho Indio-rubber spring 2: The velev'nthm of lever i morea the purl it forward, on troll as upward, until it engages the rock 1:, when it moves the frame Q and the contuined frame P the distanco'o'f otooth, linking the interval between two lines,-,the frame Q at the Esme time carrying up the pulley S. The frame. slides injgr ooves, m, being rctuined t any height by friction applied by the button 9 and screw 12,, or by 'e' snitnhle spring. Op releasing the key controlling the lever Q mny be lowered at any stage of the writing.

nod for raising the frame Q, may be varied. wheel freed, the rod R reversed, and the frame Q clevntcdby soparstolkeys, without :1 material alteration in the construction and arrangement of parts. Also the pinion 0 may he placed nt tha-upper end of rod R, and the reek-lever a" at the top of the fro no A, so that the belhcrnnk lever P and the lover t may worlgin the some centre".

Having thus fully doscril Jd my invention, and the nianncr of operating thc some I 1. I claim the oscillatingn-ods H I, constructed anri'oparoting substantially no audio! the purpose set forth.

2. I claim theodjusting screws 1:, substantiztlly ss arranged, and for the purpose set forth.

3. I claim the rod G, the hcll cra-nk lover K,links o n, and India-rubber joints 2, constructed, arranged,

and operating substantially as described 4. I claim the roll g and oscillatingrod. M, tongue suhstuntihlly as kind for the purpose set forth. v x p 5. I claim the rod R, escnpemont-whocl T, crutch U, link a, and arm d, rod M, and pulley S, arranged and constructed substantially as and for the purpose described.

6, I cleimtho pinion o, lerer a, end attached curved rnckb, frame P and clamp o constructd, arranged, combined, and operating set forth. v a

'4'. I claim the frame Q, sliding in grooves m, rock v, the lever t, link-rod a, pawl u, and lover W, conattracted, arranged, and operating substantially as and for the purpose set forth. v

B. I claim the lever k, spring it, link j, bell-crank lover I, linkj, arm k, and lover W, or their equivalente, arranged, combir drnnd operating substantially as described. I JOHN PRATT Tho apparatus for bringing book the frnmo P fore ncrr line,

'g anti spring (1, constructed, operated, and arranged spring 14, bcll-crunk lever r, uml rod 9, substantially as; and for the purpose Witnesses: Erma! GILBY,

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