US792528A - Wireless telegraphy. - Google Patents

Description

No. 792,528. PATENTED JUNE 13, 1905. G. MARGONI. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

APPLIOATIOE FILED JAN. 27. 1904.

Fgl.

UNITED STATES Patented June 13 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

GUGLIELMO MARCONI, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO MAROONI WVIRELESS TELEGRAPH COMPANY OF AMERICA, A CORPORATION OF N ElV JERSEY.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 792,528, dated June 13, 1905.

Original application filed October 13, 1903, Serial No.176,844. Divided and this application filed January 27, 1904. Serial T (LZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GUGLIELMO MARooNI, a 'subject of the King of Italy, residing in the city of London, England, (and having a postoflice address at 18 Finch lane, in the said city of London,) have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wireless Telegraphy, of which the following is a full and true description, reference being had to the accompanying Io drawings, which show diagrammatically three embodiments of my invention.

My invention relates to an improved method of transmittin, intelligible signals through the natural media, by means of electric waves,

and especially to an improved method by which tuned or syntonic effects can be obtained, and the effects of natural disturbances, such as thunder-storms, upon the receiver, are minimized.

0 This application is a division of my application, Serial No. 176,844, filed October 13, 1903.

According to my present invention, an exposed aerial or elevated conductor is grounded by means of several connections of different inductance and capacity, instead of by one, as has heretofore been the usual practice.

Referring to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, Figure 1 shows one form of 3 apparatus useful in carrying out my invention. Fig. 2 shows a second form of appara tus, and Fig. 3 shows a third form.

The most simple form of my invention is shown in Fig. 1, in which A represents the receiving-aerial adjustably connected to the inductance-coil Z, O a condenser connected to the inductance-coil, R a suitable receiver or detector, such as the magnetic detector of my inventions described in a paper read by me 4 before the Royal Society of London, on June 12, 1902, and which are described in EZectm'caZ lVO/ZCZ and Engineer, published at New York city, July 5 and 12, 1902, and also described and claimed in an application, Serial N 0. 132,974,

filed November 28, 1902, for Letters Patent of the United States, connected to the condenser. One terminal 9 of the detector is grounded at G, and another ground connection, E, which is preferably flexible or adjustable, is joined to the inductance Z at a certain point, the position of which is dependent upon the period of the electric wave radiated from the distant transmitting-station. This receiving system is syntonized or attuned to one particular frequency of electrical waves radiated from" any one of a number of differentlyattuned distant electric radiators, in the following manner: The size of the condenser O is fixed, and the inductance Z is varied by adjusting its connection with the aerial until sig- 6o nals are received on the responder or detector R. Then by sliding the flexible or adjustable ground connection E along the inductance Z, or 7 otherwise, a point is found at which, if a new ground connection is established, waves of the particular frequency radiated from a given distant transmitting-station from which it is desired to receive signals, will be received and detected to the exclusion of signals transmitted from other stations radiating waves of different frequencies. I have discovered that this ground connection E may be made without weakening, but rather strengthening, the signals in the detector R.

The position of the ground connection E in the inductance Z is dependent upon the length of the wave to be detected. It should be connected at or near the node or point of no potential of the electric wave which it is desired to read or detect, and the detector R will then be unresponsive to electrical Waves of frequencies other than that for which the system has been adjusted as described.

By means of this present invention, a very sharp selectivity of signals is obtained, and 5 the troublesome effects of atmospheric electricity are largely or wholly eliminated.

In Fig. 2 is shown a modification of Fig 1, the ground connection E of Fig. 1 being replaced by another at E of Fig. 2, the position 9 of which on the inductance Z being found similarly to the adjustment of E, as hereinbefore described.

By reference to Figs. 1 and 2, it will be seen that the receiving apparatus therein illustrated each comprises two associated circuitsone (an open circuit) including the aerial A, the conductor E, (or E,) and that portion of the inductance-coil Z between the respective points of contact thereof with the aerial and the conductor, and the second circuit (a closed circuit) including the responder or detector R, condenser C, conductor E, (or E',) and that portion of the inductance-coilbetween the condenser and the conductor E.

It is essential that a condenser shall ,be included in the so-called closed circuit. Otherwise the apparatus will not properly operate, because if a condenser is omitted from said circuit, that circuit cannot be tuned to respond to the proper wave period.

As stated, the flexible or adjustable ground connection E may be variably connected with or arranged to simultaneously include more or less of the turns of the inductance-coil in the two circuits referred to. Obviously, the adjustment of the conductor E with relation to the inductance Z will result in altering the turns of such inductance included in each circuit, but without altering the sum of the inductances included in both circuits. Now, when the conductor E is adjusted to a certain position (for instance, that shown in Fig. 1) and electromagnetic waves fall upon aerial A, such waves will excite oscillations in the aerial, and if the time period of the open-circuit aerial, plus the included turns of the inductance-coil, is the same as that of the condenser C, plus the turns of the inductance-coil included in circuit with said condenser, and if this agrees with that of the waves incident, the responder will be afl'ected. If, however, waves of other period fall upon the aerial, there will be little or no sympathetic vibration excited in the condenser-circuit, and the responder will not be affected.

Many extensions of the arrangements shown in Figs. 1 and 2 will readily suggest themselves. In Fig. 3 is shown one such extension, comprising a series of similar syntonic circuits, each in tune with the wave transmitted, the system being grounded at the nodal points E, E, E E and G, which are determined by the periodicity of the wave transmitted. This arrangement gives a particularly sharp attunement, and is especially adapted to eliminate the stray or extra signals caused by atmospheric disturbances.

In the accompanying drawings, I have shown, diagrammatically, three forms of apparatus for carrying out my new method of m te selectively detecting electromagnetic waves. 1 do not desire to be understood as limiting my claims to the employment of such illustrated apparatus, as other modifications will, obviously, suggest themselves to persons skilled in wireless telegraphy.

What I claim is 1. The method of selectively detecting electromagnetic waves, which consists in associating an open circuit and a' resonant circuit, and altering the inductance of both circuits without altering the sum of the inductances of the two circuits, substantially as described.

2. The method of selectively detecting electromagnetic waves, which consists in associating an open circuit and a resonant circuit, and simultaneously altering the inductance of both circuits without altering the sum of the inductances of the two circuits, substantially as described.

3. The method of selectively detecting electromagnetic waves by means of a wave-responsive device, which consists in receiving such waves upon an open circuit, interposing between the open circuit and the wave-responsive device a succession of resonant circuits, and altering the inductance of two adjacent circuits without altering the sum of the inductances of the said two circuits, substantially as described.

4:. The method of selectively detecting electromagnetic waves by means of a wave-responsive device, which consists in receiving such waves upon an open circuit, interposing between the open circuit and the wave-responsive device a succession of resonant circuits, and altering the inductance of the open circuit and the resonant circuit adjacent thereto, without altering the sum of the inductances of the said two circuits,- substantially as described.

5. The method of selectively detecting electromagnetic waves, which consists in associating an open circuit and a closed circuit containing a condenser, and altering the inductance of both circuits without altering the sum of the inductances of the two circuits, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto signed my name this 12th day of January, 1904:.

GUGLIELMO MARCONI.

itnesses:

HERBERT KERsHAw, lVILMnR MATTHEWS HARRIS.

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