US786727A - Apparatus for the manufacture of glowers for electric lamps. - Google Patents

Description

limsefizv. PATENTED APR. 4, 1905.

V F. M. P. GAZIN. I APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOWERS FOR ELEGTRIG LAMPS.

APPLIGATION FILED P1112. 1903.

6 (1 d E/ Eli B)" w WW v UNITED STATES Patented April 4, 1905.

PATE T Oriana.

APPARATUS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF GLOWERSFOR ELECTRIC LAMPS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 786,727, dated April 4, 1905.

- Application filed ram-fl 2,1903. Serial No. 141,501.

To aZZ 2072 0711, it party conceive:

Be it known that I, FRANCIS M; F. CAZIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hoboken, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented a new and Tmproved Apparatus for Use in the Manufacture of Filaments for Electric Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention has for its object to provide an improved apparatusfor use inthe production of electric-lamp filaments in which prospective filaments, pencils, or luminants are treated for sundry purposes; and it more particularly seeks to provide an apparatus for successfully and economically carrying out the process and for producing afilament, pencil, or hnninant such as disclosed in my copending application, filed on-January 7, 1903, Se-

. rial No.138,08l. Again,my invention seeks to provide an apparatus wherein beginning with a core therefor the luminant can be completely manufactured withoutremoving, handling, or moving the same'in'any Way.

With other objects in View which will be hereinafter apparent theinvention consists in certain novel construction and arrangemcr it of parts, all of which will be first described in detail. and then specifically pointed out in the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,inwhich- Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of my invention.

Fig.3 is a cross-section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 1 and disclosing a slightlymodified form of my invention. Referring now to the accompanying drawings, inwhich like characters of reference indicate like parts in all of the figures, A designates a bell-jar for cooperating with the airexhausting apparatus (not shown) of any approved type by means of the pipe B, and the bell-jar A includes the glass cylinder (athe top plate G, and the bottom plate C, which plates maybe constructed of any suitable material, preferaly carbon or graphite. plates G and C are held in position with respect to the cylinder a by the bolts insu-' lated, as at (0 from the plates. The pipe B Fi 2 is a similar view on I 1 n b v the line 2 2 of Fig. 1.

The

enters the jar through an aperture Z) in the bottom plate C and tightly fits the same.

Mounted on girders (Z is avessel D, which comprises a glass envelop or wall (Z and a bottom plate 63*, having a peripheral enlarged bottom K, having an aperture K and an en larged annular grooved portion K to receive the wall A), constructed of glass or any other suitable substance.

g designates a cond noting-rod havinga plug 2' at one end and a finger-piece it at its other end, and this rod 9 passes through an aperture in the top plate G of the bell-jar A and is adapted, through its plug z', to close the ap erture K of the bottom K of the holder I, as well as to make electric connectionbetween the top plate Gr and the bottom plate K of the holder 1; Preferably the rod 9 has a threaded hermetical connection withthe plate G.

I The bottom plate K of the holder I in the preferred form of my invention has a series of apertures to receive the tubular glass body m, in which the connecting-wiresm are sealed.

To these connecting-wires m the leading-in wires 422 121 are joined, as are also'the ends of the cores L. The leading-in wires m m" connect with the bus-bars g g, respectively, and these bus-bars are suspended from the plugs g 9 respectively, which are held in apertures in the top plate G, one of which plugs, 9 is insulated from the plate Gr by the bushing g, as shown.

g designates a short pipe-section having a valve 9 whereby air may be admitted to the bell-jar when desired, and g designates an inlet-pipe having a valve which communicates with the interior of the bell-jar and is insulated therefrom by the insulating-bushg 11 Y Y I g designates a tubular section leading from any suitable source of steam supply (not shown) and which tube g? joins with the valve g, as shown, and may be rubber hose or any other suitable substance, the valve g preferably being in the nature of a throttle-valve.

In addition to the aperture to which the pipe B, having a valve B, connects the bottom plate C also has a series of apertures through which the pipes F, F, and F having valves ff f, enter the bell-jar and pass through corresponding apertures in the bot.- tom K of the holder 1, with which they communicate, and these pipes may be constructed of any suitable material; but I prefer to construct them of glass throughout, or I may construct them partly of glass and partly with metallic ends E E E as shown. When the metallic endsare used, they also serve to make electrical connection between the bottom plate C of the bell-jar and the bottom plate (Z of the receptacle D, electrical connection being also made through the girders d. The pipes F, F, and F lead from the tanks E, E, and respectively, hereinafter again referred to, and they also connect with the branch pipes F, F, and F having valvcsf f' f respectively, and the said pipes join with the auxiliary tanks E E E, for a purpose presently explained.

The bottom plate C is apertured to receive a conducting-plug c, to which the positive wire from any suitable source of current-supply joins, and the bell-jar A is insulated from earth by the insulating-feet a or by placing the same on any suitable insulating-mat. (Not shown.)

The tanks E, E, and E are adapted to contain liquids of different properties, such as volatile liquids, acids, alkaline liquids, and solutions that contain rare metals, rare earths, earth salts, metals of the ruthenium osmium class, such as ruthenium osmium, titanium, uranium, and tungsten or their compounds. Again, one or more of these tanks may contain in solution or suspension suitable nitrates, sulfates, or Xalates or chlorin compounds dissolved in any suitable solvent. In lieu of solutions I may use naphtha or gasolene, &c. I desire it understood that my apparatus permits of the use of gaseous electrolytes as well as solvents and carbonaceous liquids in the same apparatus and either or all to act as electrolytes for electrolytic deposition, under proper provision causing the prospectivelilament to actas one of two electrodes, (cathode) hereinafter more fully explained. The composition of the solutions used depends upon the particular function desired to obtain, and 1 do not desire, therefore, to limit myself to the exact compositions or liquids or gases as herein enumerated, as any other may be used it found to be suitable. One or more of the tanks are adapted to contain water or other washing or cleaning liquid, be it-in the nature rear/2'? ol pure chemical substance, as water. or in the nature of suitable cl aning material dissolved in any suitable solvent. Again, these vessels are not only containing vcsse but they may be used to regenerate the solutions after the solutions have been used by placing in the tanks or vessels suitable soluble material of the required chemical compositions and other vessels for producing gaseous matter only to be used in connection with my apparatus.

In themodiiied form of my invention shown in Fig. i the prospective glowcrs are passed hermetically, preferably by means of beeswax, through apertures in the bottom K and may have their ends freshly clipped oll' after passing through the apertures; When this form of my invention is used, the electrical connection is made between the top plate (i and. the bottom K of the holriler l by the rod 7 and its plug 5.

The auxiliary tanks E" E it may contain fluids corresponding to those in the tanks it E, so that when the solution in one of the pair of tanks gives out the said tank may be disconnected and relilled with solution and regenerating material without stopping the operation of the apparatus, or i may use the said auxiliary tanks for containing volal ilc or gaseous carbonaceous matter, such as naphtha or gasolene, to be used in connection with my process.

Although the position of the supply and regenerating vessels is shown as being below the main apparatus, yet they may be placed on a level with the vessel Z or either partly or entirely above or below such level.

i may now describe the operation of my invention as applied to a lillct or core of organic natural origin as an illustration of the entire operation also applicable to other linca r bodies of artificial make and of inorganic matter. .l. take a suitable working base L, which ma y be a fillet of any suitable substanccsuch as cellulose, bamboo twick, carbon, or other organic or hydrocarbon material, which as such possesses porosity and continuous longitudinal channels, or both viL, threads or lillcts L-and insert directly or indirectly this base in the bottom K of the holder L, as shown. For convenience of description 1 shall describe my invention as operating to produce an illuninant in which a bamboo twick serves as the base to operate upon. After one or more twicks have been placed in the holder the same is placed in the receptacle 1) and the to p U. is bolted on, all valves being then closed and the rod 7, with its plug 2?, out oi contact with the bottom K, so as to open up communication between the holder 1 and the receptacle D. I then open the cock in the pipe H and exhaust the bell-jar, after which the cock in pipe B is closed. By thus creu ting a vucu um in the bell-jar all air is sucked out of the I next. open pores. or channels of the twick.

up. communication with the tank containing sulfuric acid (H2SO4)say tank Eby opening the valve f, the vacuum in the bell-jar causing the contents of the tank E to enter the receptacle D and holder I, and when the desired quantity of acid has flown'into the receptacles D and I, I again close valve 7 and permit the acid to act upon the twick and be absorbed by the pores and channels thereof until the twick has been carbonized tothe desired degree. After the carbonization has gone as far as desired I again open valve f and also open valve g to admit air to the bell-jar, which will then cause the acid to re-' cede into tank E. As soon as the acid has receded I again close both valves f and 9 I next again exhaust the bell-jar as before and permit the twick to remain as it now is until it becomes thoroughly dried by reason of such vacuum. As soon as the twickis dried I open the valve f in the pipe connection with the tank (say tank E) containing the Washing liquid, (say water) and thus permit the water to be sucked into the receptacle D and holder I in the same manner as the-acid was admitted. This thoroughly washes the tank and twick and removes all excess of acid. Thewater is withdrawn into its respective tanks by opening the valves f and g to permit the entry of air into the evacuated belljar to force the water to recede. I then close valves f and g and again exhaust the belljar. (The water may beadmitted and withdrawn several times, if desired, until twick and receptacle are thoroughly cleansed.) The twick is permitted to remain in metro until againdried. I then admit the solution containing soluble matter to be deposited on the 'twick in its pores from the tank (say tank E containing the same in'the'same manner as the other liquids were admitted. After the twick has absorbed as much of the solution as itwill I then cause the solution to recede by admitting air to the bell-jar, after which the bell-jar is again evacuated and the twick permitted to dry in ocean. I repeat the admission and Withdrawal of the depositing solution, as well as the vacuo drying, as often as may be required until the desired mechanical shell to form over the mechanically-deposited substance on the twick. After the required deposition has thus taken place I again cause the electrolyte to recede into the tank and once more exhaust the bell-jar to finally dry material adjacent the carbon is reduced and either partly or entirely carbureted, while the residual carbon is volatilized. The filaments after being thus treated are complete and ready formounting in. the lamp. 7

From the foregoing it will be seen that by the use of my apparatus when the'bell-jar is exhausted the channels of the bamboo twick will be also evacuated, so that when the liquid or solution is admitted thereto the same will readily fill the channels and pores of the twick and by drying the twick, after which operation the solvent evaporates, depositing its soluble material within the channels and pores of the twicks more readily-than can otherwise be performed were the tWick-channels not exhausted;

While I have described my apparatus'as being capable'of use in the manner just explained, yet I desire it also understood that the same can be readily used in the process of :flashing-viz., precipitating carbon from a carbonaceous fluid or of producing incandescence that may be tested for efficiency, &c.

It will be seen that bythe use of myapparatus the successive steps in the production of the filament can besuccessfully and alternately performed in a continuous process without the necessity. of moving or manipulating the prospective filament in any manner whatsoever. 1

While I have described the carbonization of the twick as the first step to be performed by the apparatus, yet I desire it understood that this step may be eliminated or postponed until the final treatment of the filament by passing current through them serially to heat the same, as this current passing will be sufficient in most cases to carbonize the twick- 'base, it not having been previously carbonized. Again, the-carbonization may be done at any stage of the process in the same apparatus. Again, by the use of my apparatus the prospective filaments are placed in the holder in the shape they are desired to be in the finished lamp, and as I do not need and particularly desire to prevent handling of the prospective filament it will be readily seen that an even and continuous deposit on the twick will be readily-made and that there will I be no cracks or interruptions in the filament 'after completion, such as is often the case in removed and consequent access to the holder E and its removal for the purpose of mounting and removing the prospective filament and the finished product, as well as an access to the receptaclel), can be readily had. I also desire it understood that all joints should be hermetically closed to prevent escape or entry of air during the evacuation of the bell-jar.

It will be also seen from the foregoing that my apparatus, generally speaking, is used to complete four distinct series of manipulafleas-first, that of cellulose carbonization by means of sulfuric acid: second, inmregnating and coating with solid material by means of solutions; third, electrolytical deposition; fourth, causing chemical reactions to take place Within the filament while in the apparatus.

Whilel. have described my apparatus for the sake of convenience of description as being applied for use With a bamboo twick, yet I desire it clearly understood that the apparatus is not limited to such use alone, but may be used with any material toserve as a primary substance to build up the prospective filament from. Again, this apparatus may be used in manufacturing metal and rare-metaloxid threads or pencils of limited flexibility, as well as those of suificient flexibility to be Wound upon positively and negatively connected mandrels.

From the foregoing description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, it is thought that the advantages, construction, and complete operation of my invention will be readily understood by those skilled in the art to which it appertains, and l desire it understood that I do not limit myself to exact construction and arrangement of parts herein disclosed, but I may alter or vary the design in its details, if desired, without departing from the spirit of my invention or the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patout, is

1. An apparatus of the class described, comprisingabell-jar, a receptacle mounted in said bell-jar, a holder mounted in said receptacle and insulated therefrom and adapted to hold the prospective filaments, means for exhausting said bell-jar, for the purposes specified.

an apparatus of the class described, comprising a bell-jar, a receptacle mounted in said bell-jar, a holder mounted in said receptacle and insulated therefrom and adapted to hold the prospective filaments, means for exhausting said belljar, a plurality of tanks having valve-controlled pipe connection with the receptacle for the purp ses specified.

3. An znJparatus oi the class described, comprising a bell-jar, a receptacle mounted in said bell-jar, a holder mounted in said receptacle and insulated therefrom and adapted to hold the prospective filaments, means for exhausting said bell-jar, a plurality of tanks having valve-comrolled pipe connection wilh the receptacle said bell-jar having a conducting top and bottom insulated from each other. and means for electrically connecting said bottom to said receptacle, and said top to said holder, for the purposes specified.

a. In an apparatus for manul acturing filaments from linear or wire-like solids or cores, means for holding said lincar bodies or cores, means for alternately admitting liquids to immerse said cores, means for passing electric current from end to end through said bodies, means for passing electric current through such bodies as cathodes, means for air-cxhausting from said bell-jar, and means for reducing deposited matter, for the purposes specified.

ln an apparatus ol the class described, comprising in combination with an exhaustible bell-jar, a receptacle mounted within the same, a holder mounted within the rcceplaclc, for the purposes specified.

(3. in an apparatus ol the class described, comprising in combimttion with an exhaustible bell-jar, a receptacle mounted within the same, a holder mounted within the rccoptacle, means for evacuating said bell-jar, and means for admittii'ig liquid to said receptacle and holder, for the purposes specified.

7. In an apparatus of the class described, con'iprising in combination with an exhaustible bell-jar, a receptacle mounted within the same, a holder mounted within the receptacle, means for eriu-uating said boll-jar, and means for admitting liquid to said rccemaclc, and means for again expelling said liquids from said receptacle and holder, for the purposes specified.

8. In an apparatus of the class described, comprising in cmnliiination with an exhaustible bell-jar, a receptacle mounted within the same, a prospective filament mounted within the receptacle, means for evacuating said hclljar, and means for admitting liquid to said receptacle, means for again expelling said liquids from said receptacle and bolder, and means for passing electric current through said liquid to cause electrolytic deposition on said prospective filament, for the purposcs specified.

9. .ln an apparatus oi the class described, comprising in combination with an exhaustible bell-jar, a receptacle mounted within the same, a prospective filament mounted within the receptacle, means for evacuating said bolljar, and means for admitting liquid to said receptacle, means for again expelling said liquids from said receptacle and holder, and means for passing electric current through said liquid to cause electrolytic deposition on said prospective filament, and means for causing a current to pass through said prospective filament serially, for the purposes'specified.

10. In an apparatus of the class described, a bell-jar having a non-conducting wall, a conducting top and bottom, means for detachably connecting said top and bottom to said wall, for the purposes specified.

, 11. In "an apparatus of the class described. a bell-jar having a non-conducting wall, a conducting top and bottom, means for detachably connecting said top and bottom to said wall, a receptacle having a non-conducting wall and a conducting-bottom mounted within the bell-jar, and in electrical connection with the bottom thereof, for the purposes specified.

12. In an apparatus of the class described, a bell-jar having non conducting Wall, a conducting top and bottom, means for detachably connecting said top and bottom to said wall,

a receptacle having a non-conducting Wall and a conducting-bottom mounted within the belljar, and in electrical connection with the bottom thereof, a plurality of tanks connected with said receptacle and adapted to contain liquid, means for sucking said liquids alternately into said receptacle, for the purposes I specified.

13. In an apparatus of the character described, a bell-jar having a non-conducting wall, a conducting top and bottom, means for detachably connecting said top and bottom to said wall, a receptacle having a non-conducting wall and a conducting-bottom mount ed within the bell-jar, and in electrical con nection with said receptacle and adapted to contain liquid, means for alternately admitting said liquid into said receptacle and for withdrawing said liquid out ot'said receptacle, for the purposes specified.

14:. In an apparatus of the class described, a bell-jar, having transparent non-conducting wall and conducting top and bottom plates detachably joined therewith, a receptacle having a bottom and a transparent wall mounted within said bell-jar and electrically connected with said bell-jar bottom plate, aplurality of liquid containing and generating tanks, valved pipe connections betweensaid tanks and the interiorof the said receptacle, a holder having a transparent wall and a conductingbot-' connecting said bell-jar top plate to said holder-bottom, means'for electrically connecting said top plate with one-end of said prospective filament, and a terminal mounted on and insulated from the top plate and in elec 'trical connection with the other end of the filament, for the purposes specified.

15. In an apparatus of the class described,

a bell-jar, having transparent non-conducting wall and conducting top and bottom plates detachably joined therewith, a receptacle having a bottom and a transparent wall mounted within said bell-jar and electrically connectedwith said bell-jar bottom plate, a plurality of liquid containing and generating tanks, valved pipe connections between said tanks and the interior of the said receptacle, a holder hav- :nection with the other end of the filament,

means for evacuating said bell-jar, for the purposes specified.

16. In'an apparatus of the class described, a bell-jar, having transparent non-conducting wall and conducting top and bottom plates detachably joined therewith, a receptacle having a bottom and a transparent wall mounted Within said bell-jar and electrically connected ing a transparent wall and a conducting-boting a transparent wall and a conducting-bota bell-jar, having transparent non-conducting wall and conducting top and bottom plates detachably joined therewith, a receptacle having a bottom and a transparent wall mounted within said bell-jar and electrically connected with said bell-jar bottom plate, a plurality of liquid containing and generatingtanks, valved pipe connections between said tanks and the interior of the said receptacle, a holder having a transparent wall and a conducting-bot tom mounted in and insulated from said receptacle, said holder adapted to receive the prospective filaments, means for electrically connecting said bell-jar top plate to, said holderbottom, means for electrically connecting said top plate with one end of said prospective filaments, and a terminal mounted on and insulated from the top plate and in electrical connection with the other end of the filament,

and means for sucking the liquids from the tanks at will into the receptacle and holder, means for expelling said liquids from the holder and receptacle into their respective tanks, at will, for the purposes specified.

18. In an apparatus of the class described, a bell-jar, having transparent non-conducting Wall and conducting top and bottom plates detachably joined therewith, a receptacle, having abottom and a transparent wall mounted Within said bell-jar and electrically connected with said bell-jar bottom plates, a plurality of liquid containing and generating tanks, valved pipe connections between said tanks and the interior of the said receptacle, a holder having a transparent Wall and a conducting-bottom mounted in and insulated from said receptacle, said holder being adapted to receive the prospective filaments, means for electrically connecting said bell-jar top plate to said holder-bottom, means for electrically connecting said top plate with one end of said prospective filaments, and a terminal mounted on and insulated from the top plate and in electrical connection with the other end of the filament, and means for sucking the liquids from the tanks at will into the receptacle and holder, means for expelling said liquids from the holder and receptacle into their respective tanks, at will, and means -for drying said prospective filament While within the apparatus, and means for causing said filament to incandesce, for the purposes specified. 19. The combination with an electrolyticplating apparatus of an air-exhausting apparatus including a bell-jarfor inclosing said plating apparatus, means for admitting an electrolyte to and means for withdrawing the electrolyte from, the belliar, for the purposes specified.

20. In an apparatus for mamitacturing lilaments from bamboo twick and the like, means for holding said twick, means for :ulmitting liquids to immerse said twick, means for withdrawing said liquids, means for creating a vacuum around said twick, means for electrolytically depositing matter on said twick, and means for reducing said deposited matter, for the purposes specified.

21. In an apparatus for manufacturing lilaments'from organic cores and the like, means for holding said cores, means for admitting liquids to immerse said cores, means for withdrawing said liquids, means for creating a vacuum around said cores, means for electrolytically depositing matter on said core, and means for reducing such deposited matter, for the purposes specified.

22. In an apparatus of the class described, a bell-:ar having a non-comlucting wall. a conducting top and bottom, means for detachably connecting said top and bottom to said wall, a receptacle having a non-comlucting wall and a condnoting-bottom mounted within the bell-jar, and in electrical connection with said receptacle and adapted to contain liquid. means for sucking said liquids alternately into said receptacle, means for alternately 'l'orciug said liquids out of said receptacle back into their respective tanks, for the purposes specilier FRANCIS M. F. (JAZIN.

YVitnesses:

i-no. H. S'rmLJas, ADELE CAZIN.

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