US785166A - Internal-combustion engine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 785,166. PATENTED MAR. 21, 1905. P. A. HASELWANDER.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 23, 1901.

Wilma. e; r V I M 71/75).

Jl/omay UNITED STATES Patented March 21, 1905.

PATENT 7 O FICE.

FRIEDRICH AUGUST HASELWANDER, OF 'MANNHEIM, GERMANY.

lurizaun-comausnbu ENGINE.

I SPECIFICATION forming partof Letters Patent No."785,166, dated Harch 21, 1905.

Application filed May 23, 1901. Serial No. 61,584.

To all whom it may concern Be itkno'wn'tifiit L'FRiEnRIoH Aueus'r HasnLwANDEm'a' subject of the Emperor. of Ger: many, residing at 1 Kaferthalerstrasse, Mannheim, in the German Empire, have invented a new and useful Improved Internal-Combustion Engine, of which the following is a specification; v

In combustion-engines which only allow the fuel and compressed air to meet just before the expansion begins an'apparatus, such as an air-pump, is necessary to inject the combustible dispersed in compressed air into the combustion-chamber with a certain force. The present invention renders superfluous such an apparatus (which increases the cost of the engine) by the removal from the combustionchamber during the explosion-and increase of pressure at the beginning of the preceding working stroke of the gas required for injection and spraying, which gas must beunder a pressure exceeding the pressure inthe combustion-chamber at'the end of the compression-stroke. The principle of this new engine and its cycle of operations is illustrated by the examples described below, with reference to the accompanying drawings, ;in

which-- .injection device (I by means of two ports which can be closed by the valves a and b. The valve a is closed by spring or other pressure, by means of a spring g, for instance, and is adapted to be operated by the rocking lever h, pivoted on shaft [L8, to the outer arm of which lever is connected a rod m, working by means of a roller (1 on a cam u on the crank-shaft y. a is the valve-box for the fuel; (in this case liquid;) t, the fuel-valve re-- ceiving liquid fuel by pipe 0; d, an injectionnozzle; 6, a space divided off in the valve-box between the head of valve 25 and the nozzle ii.

The cycle is as follows: During the suction 1 stroke of the piston k fresh air comes through the automatic oroperated air-inlet valve 8 into the combustion-chamber 'u and into the interior of the cylinder 2, above the piston. I

At the same'time the fuel-valve t is operated by the lever h, mounted on -shaft 5, which -latter is operated by any suitable meanssuch, for instance, as the means which oper,- ates the valve wand a certain quantlty of fuel flows out of the fuel-supply pipe 0 into the front space 71 without, however, coming on of d. The combustible remains in z durlng the compression'-stroke which follows. Be-

the valve a, which can be controlled by a spring or the likesuch, for instance, as g,

6O ,1 fore or after the end of the compression-stroke I Fig. 1,is pushed up by meansof the'leve'r la,

operated by cam u and rod m, and the pres-.

sure is equalized between the gas-chamber Z, V

which, for example, was filledwith gas of a pressure of twenty kilograms per square centimeter, and the combustion -chamber 4), in which the working air was compressed, for

example, to fifteen kilograms per square centimeter, so that the gas flowing toward '1; rushes with the combustible out of 2 forming spray in the nozzle dand issuing out of thelatter into '0. The combustion then takes place either by spontaneous combustion, by-igniting at the hot walls of the cylinder, or at heat containing walls or blocks 10, or else by electric or other external ignition. During the combustion an increase of pressure arises exceeding that of the compression at the end of the compression-stroke, (about twenty kilograms per square centimeter, for example,) so that the pressure in '0 is greater than that in l, causing combustion-gas to flow throughthe automatic return-valve b to Z. The gas-chamber is consequently againcharged for the next injection. The piston k moves downward in the usual manner during the expansion-stroke .and then follows the exhauststroke during which the products of combustion escape through a suitable exhaust-valve.

(Not shown in the drawings.) With the next that shown and they may be operated by any suitable means. The air-chamberl can also have any suitable form,-and, if desired, a plurality of any or all of these parts may be employed, as will be readily understood, without departing from the scope of the invention. The connecting-passages of the valves a I) are preferably of such a length and section that the flame of combustion cannot readily pass therethrough. Moreover, it will be obvious that the-use of the valve 6 is not essential, as a may serve as a'return-valve, being positively raised by the lever hfor the injection, but being forced up automaticallyby the explosion to admit the gases under explosive pressure. The supply of combustible can take place at different times and in several ways. In

some cases it may be supplied under pressurefrom any convenient source, at the moment of the opening of a, for example. The delivery of the combustible can also-be differently ary ranged], if desired, without departing from the scope of this invention. The exact structure and the position of the parts receiving the combustible before its injection, such as thef chamber/, Fig." 1, also depends on the kind of fuel used, and if necessary heating or cooling' devices of known 7 construction may be employed, as will be understood.-

The new motor can also be used with weak.

mixtures not capable of acting alone by means of the compression. The new method of inection then serves to strengthen such mixtnres and to make them capable of ignition.

The regulation can be effected in any known waye. gijby varying the quantity of fuel when gas is lost from'l, the'latter has another special pipe 1', which is normally closed, but which can be connected to any suitable source of air or gas under pressure. The first excess of pressure in Z can also be attained by ignit- "ing a suitable explosive substance therein.

The same principle as described above for a four-stroke motor can also be applied without essential alterations in the construction to six-stroke ortwo-stroke motors. The arrange ment shown in Fig. 1 is suitable for six-stroke cycle-motors. j

In Fig. 2 is illustrated a two-stroke motor according to the new system, showing a sim plified form of the essential parts by way of example. The letters correspond'to those in Fig. 1 orindicate like parts. The cycle of working isas follows: During the explosionstroke' of the piston 76 air was compressed on its under side in the ordinary way in a closed crank-chamber 2, communicating with channel c. Said air might also be supplied from another suitable source. Just before the-end of the stroke the piston uncovers an exhaustport f, through which the products of combustion escape. The air-inlet valve 8 is opened by means of the excess of pressure of the previously-compressed air or by a mechanical de-' vice, such astherod m, connected to roller g', which works on 5 a cam 20' on the crankshaft y. The valve is normally held closed by a springs. The air flows through the'passage 0 and valve 8 to o and 2 above the piston, completely expelling the burned gases. The fuel cock or valve if is also opened and a certain quantity of combustible let in from 0 is deposited in the trough-2'. 'Said cook or valvet may be Operated from the crank-shaft by the 1 device shown diagrammatically in Fig. 2, consisting-ofthe arm 25', link m elbow-lever t rod m and roller g operated by the cam a on the crank-shaft During the return stroke of thep'iston the exhaust-port f is cov* ered, the valves is closed, and theair shut in above the piston k is compressed, while beneath the piston air is subsequently drawn into the crank-chamber in this arrangement. J ust before the end of the compression-stroke the piston pushes on the end of the spindle a of the valve a and opens said valve, so'that gas flows with excess of pressure from the gas-chamber l through the passage j, takes the combustible from i with it, and thoroughly sprays it in'the nozzle (Z, which in this example contains baflle projections a and injects the'spraytoward 41 preferably onto a rebounding wall, which in this example is shown made up of'latticelike plates p. The ignition, combustion, and increase of pressure ensue as in the other construction, whereby the gas-chamber Z is again charged with highly-compressed gas entering through (Z, i, passage j, andthe valve a, which latter is slightly open at the change of stroke.

In conclusion it may be mentioned that instead of liquid fuel finely-divided solid fuel might be used:

What I claim is 1. In an internal-combustion engine the combination with the cylinder and piston of a small chamber so arranged that it will remain approximately at the temperature of the cylinder during working, a passage connecting said chamber to the cylinderbeyond the farthest point reached by the piston during compression, a non-return valve in said passage, a receptacle in thecombustionrchamber ofthe cylinder, means for feeding the combustible to said receptacle, a passage leading from said chamber to .the receptacle and means whereby the gases at the pressure of an explosion imprisoned in the said chamber fully-compressed air in the combustion-chammay be allowed to pass'out through the latter passage in order to inject the combustible into the fully-compressed charge of air in theher by means of the charge retained in said small chamber. c

3; In an internal-combustion engine the combination with the cylinder and piston of a small chamber so arranged that it will remain during working approximately at the temperature of the cylinder, a non-return valve adapted to'allowgases at the highest pressure of explosion to enter said chamber from the combustion-chamber and to become imprisoned in the chamber, an outlet-pipe leading from said chamber, means for delivering the combustible to the front of said outlet-pipe and means adapted to allow the charge imprisoned in said chamber to pass out through said pipe and to inject and spray the combustible into the fully-compressed charge of air in the cylinder.

high.

.4. In an internal-combustion engine, the combination with the cylinder, and piston of a small chamber so arranged that it will remain approximately at the temperature of the explosionrgases to enter said cylinder at the highest pressure of explosion, means fordel'ivering the combustible into the combustion chamber when the pressure therein is low,

and means adapted to allow the charge of ex plosion-gases imprisoned in said chamber to spray thev combustible into the combustionchamber when 5. In an internal-combustion engine, thee combination with the cylinder and piston of the compression thereinis 4, cylinder during working, means for allowing a small chamber so arranged that itwill re.-

main approximately at the temperature of the cylinder during working, means for allowing explosiongases to enter said cylinder at the highest pressureof explosion, means for delivering the combustible into the combustionchamber when the pressu re therein is low, means adapted toallo'w the charge of explosion-gases imprisoned in said chambe r to spray the combustible into the combustion-chamber when the compression therein is high, and

- means for igniting ,th'e combustible mixture in the combustion-chamber. t

. In testimon'ywhereofl have signed my-name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

' FRIEDRICH AUGUST HASELWANDER. Witnessesr- H'. W. HARRIS, CONRAD ZIMMER.

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