US784966A

US784966A - Gas-operated machine-gun.

Info

Publication number: US784966A
Application number: US13376802A
Authority: US
Inventors: Morris F Smith
Original assignee: WILLIAM D CONDIT
Current assignee: WILLIAM D CONDIT
Priority date: 1902-12-03
Filing date: 1902-12-03
Publication date: 1905-03-14
Anticipated expiration: 1922-03-14

Description

No. 784,966. PATENTED MAR. 14, 1905.

M. F. SMITH. GAS OPERATED MAGHINE'GUN.

APPLICATION FILED DEG. 3,1902

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

5] vwzutoz PATENTED MAR. 14, 1905.

M. F. SMITH. GAS OPERATED MACHINE GUN.

APPLICATION FILED nno.s,19o2.

4 SHEBTSSHBET 2.

Ill?" PATEN'IED MAR. 14, 1906.

M. 1. sum. GAS ornmwnn momma GUN.-

APPLIOLIIOI FILED DEG-'8, 1902.

muvsgeee.

UNITED STAT S Patented March 14, 1905.

PATENT OFF CE.

MORRIS F. SMITH, 'OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR OF THREE-FOURTHS TO WILLIAM D. (JONDIT, OF DES MOINES, IOWA.

GAS-OPERATED MACHINE-GUN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 784,966, dated'March 1.4, 1905.

Application filed December-'3 1'0 (LU whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MORRIS F. SMITH, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas-Operated Machine-Guns, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improved means whereby a reciprocating motionisdeveloped from the pressure of powder-gases to operate automatic or semi-automatic machine-guns,-

In carrying out my invention I employ acyl-inder having communication through a controllable gas-port on the forward part of the gun-barrel; a piston in said cylinder against which the pressure of powder-gases developed by firing is exerted between the time the projectile passes the port and leaves the muzzle of the gun, whereby the projectile acts as a valve for said port; a return-spring compressed by the gas-pressure and giving back work when said pressure is released, and a suitable piston-rod extending rearwardly from the piston, providing a connection through whichthe reciprocating action of the gas-pressure and the spring is transmitted to the parts to be operated, a yielding or cushioning connection being interposed between the piston and its rod to absorb the shock of the suddenly-introduced gas-pressure at the time of firing.

For the breech-closure] employ a reciproeating breech-bolt for opening and closing the breech, which breechbolt has a movement bodily in a direction at an angle (preferably perpendicular or substantially perpendicular) to the longitudinal reciprocation for locking and unlocking the bolt in its closed position, the bolt being provided with locking means on opposite sides thereof or atdiametrically opposite points thereon, (preferably, though not ,1902. Serial No. 133.768.

necessarily, the horizontally-presented sides,) which locking means, conveniently made in the form of lugs or projections on the bolt engaging in looking and guiding grooves in the inner walls of the receiver, serves not only to lock the bolt, but also to guide it in its transverse and longitudinal movements,these movements being imparted to the bolt by the reciprocating rod through the medium of a cam con-u nection which moves the bolt transversely when it is confined longitudinally and imparts longitudinal movement when the locking-lugs are in that portion of the grooves which prevents the bolts moving transversely. The firing-pin is pushed back by-the part of-the stroke of the reciprocating rod which unlocks the bolt and is held throughout the opening and closing movements of the breech-bolt, so as to prevent premature. firingthat is to say,

to delay detonation of the cartridge until the' bolt is seated in its locked positionthe firingpin being still in its retracted position when' the bolt reaches its foremost position and being retained in retracted position thereafter until the bolt moves transversely to its seat under continued forward movement of the rod, at which time a projection on the firing-pin passes below a retaining-face, by which it is i I engaged, and comes opposite a longitudinal channehwhich permits the firing-pin to be proected under the action of its own spring to detonate the cartridge or, if a sear is usedgas in the case of semi-automatic guns, to permit the firing-pin to be caught by said sear to be released by pulling the trigger.

For automatically feeding the gun ammu nition is placed in a suitable magazine or hopper, which feeds it toward the receiver, (in

the present instance by gravity,-tho 1gh it;

might be by some of the other well-known'devices,) in which magazine or hopper is arranged a gate which releases one cartridge and intercepts the remainder by its oscillation, the oscillation being controlled by a transversely-reciprocating block having cam connections with the breech-bolt and suitable controlling connections .with a trunnion of the gate, preferably by a pinion on the trunnion and a rack on the block.

My invention will now be described and illustrated in detail.

ated machine-gun, in which drawings Figures 1 and 1* represent a vertical longitudinal section of'such a gun, the breech-bolt being shown in firing position in the receiver. Fig. 2 is avertical longitudinal section, on an enlarged scale,of the breech end of the gun, the actuating piston-rod being shown in elevation. Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section taken on the irregular lineA A, Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is atop plan view of the magazine or feeding-hopper on an enlarged scale; and Fig. 5 is a perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of the breech-bolt.

While many of the features of my invention are applicable to a hand-operated gun or to a semi-automatic gun, I shall describe my invention as embodied in an automatic gasoperated machine-gun, selecting for illustration a gun of the one-pounder type.

1 represents the base or standard of any approved type, (shown broken away,) upon which the gun 2 is swiveled by means of the trunnion 3, having a bearing in the head of said standard. 4

4 is the bore of the gun, provided with the usual cartridge-chamber 5.

6 represents ports formed through the gunbarrel at a suitable distance back of the muzzle to permit the projectile to act as avalve for said ports and communicating, bymeans of ports 7, formed through an attaching-block 8, with corresponding ports in a cylinder-lining 9. The lining 9 is adjustable in the screwcap 12 by means of the screw 10, threaded into said sleeve and having a shoulder 11 abutting against the cylinder-cap in order to control the amount of gases admitted from the bore of the gun into the chamber.

13 represents a cylinder connected at its forward end to the attaching-block 8 and containing a reciprocating piston 14 and a pistonrod 17, made tubular for economy of weight and material. In order to absorb the shock which would otherwise be transmitted from the piston 14 to the breech-boltwhen gas due to firing the gun enters through the ports 6 and 7, the yielding or shock-absorbing connection is introduced at some point between the piston and the breech-bolt, so that said piston cannot operate the breech-bolt directly, but only indirectly through the shock absorbing connection. I do not limit myself to any form of shock-absorbing connection, but desire it to be understood that this feature of my invention consists of a shock-absorbing medium through which the operating element of an automatic gun controls the element to be operated. I prefer to use the construction herein shown, which consists of a stem 15, secured to the piston, working in a shouldered plug 16, threaded into the forward end of the piston-rod 17 and confined Within said plug by the head 19, an absorbingspring 20 being placed around the stem 15 between the piston and the plug. To impart movement to the reciprocating rod and the parts with which it is connected in a forward direction, I provide a return-spring 21, surrounding said piston-rod and confined between the shouldered plug 16, and an adjustable collar 21 near the rear endof the cylinder, through which collar the piston-rod works, said collar 21 being provided with radial projections 21", extending through slots 13 in the cylinder 13 and meshing with internal threads of an adjustingsleeve 13, which is confined between shoulders 13 on the cylinder 13. By turning the adjusting-sleeve 13 and moving the collar 21 the force of spring 21 may be regulated at will. The rear end of piston-rod 17 extends through the end of cylinder 13 and enters a slideway 22, where it receives in its internally-threaded end the attaching-screw 24 of a reciprocating or sliding rod 23.

The rod 23 projects rearwardly into the lower part of the receiver of the gun, where the rod is provided with an upturned arm 25, carrying upon its opposite sides cam-lugs 26,

which work in the cam-grooves 48 on the inner opposed facesof a yoke 47', depending centrally from the breech-bolt 43. The angle of cam-grooves 48 is such that in the rear- Ward movement of rod 23'the cam-lugs 26, working in said walls, tend to elevate the breech-bolt 43,'while in the forward movement of the rod 23 said lugs tend to draw the breech-bolt downward. These upward and downward movements take place 'in a substantially vertical plane. They are what I shall hereinafter term the locking and unlocking movements of the breech-bolt and take place while the breech-bolt is at the forward limit of its movement. When the breech-bolt is moved upward as far as it can go, it is obvious that continued rearward movement of the reciprocating rod will cause the breech-bolt to move rearward, and if the breech-bolt is prevented from moving vertically when in rear of its locking and unlocking position it is obvious that the forward movement of the reciprocating rod imparts a forward movement to the breech-bolt.

While I refer to the locking and unlocking movements as being vertical movements or' in substantially vertical planes, I desire it understood that these movements may take place in any other direction transverse or approximately transverse to the axis of the gun.

1n order 'to cause the breech-bolt to reciprocate longitudinally under the influence of the reciprocating rod and its cam connection when said breech-bolt is in the rear of its forward limit of movement or looking position and also to compel it to receive the aforesaid transverse movement from said cam conis nicely balanced and accurately directed inits movements. I have shown .the walls of the receiver provided with three longitudinal grooves 27 28 29, extending forwardly from the rear limit of the breech-bolts movement, and three intersecting transverse channels 3O 31 32 near the forward limit of saidmovement and ,upon the breech-bolt cooperating lugs or projections, (numbered 33 to 41, inelusive,) grouped in three longitudinal and three transverse series, so as to fit accurately in the longitudinal and transverse grooves. This disposition of the lugs on the breechbolt causes the latter to move smoothly in the guiding-grooves, and the central disposition of the depending yoke 47 avoids throwing the block out of balance as it is moved by the reciprocating rod. The intersection of the transverse grooves with the ribs between the longitudinal grooves forms locking shoulders, (numbered consecutively 33 to 41, inclusive, and respectively corresponding in position to and sustaining the lugs numbered 33 to 41. inclusive, when the breech-bolt is in its locked position.) From this description of the parts it will be obyious that in moving the breechbolt forward from the position shown in Fig. 2 the cam-lugs 26 in the grooves 48 seek to draw the breech-bolt downward, but the bolt is guided in a longitudinal direction by the engagement of its lugs in the grooves 27 28 29; but the moment the breech-bolt reaches the forward limit of its movement, with its forward face abutting the breech of the gunbarrel, it is permitted to move downward under the influence of the cams 26 48 coming opposite the grooves 30 31 32, and con tinued forward movement of the reciprocating rod 23 relatively to the breech-bolt draws the latter firmly down to its seat, where it tightly closes the breech of the gun. To draw the breech-bolt to a tight seat at the breech of the gun, some of the lugs for instance, those numbered 36 and 38-may be slightly beveled on their rearward faces, or all of such lugs may be so beveled, if desired.

42 represents a buffer, of rubber or other suitable resilient material, which arrests the rearward movement of the breech-bolt,

49 represents a firing-pin, which may be of any apri ived construction, suitably mounted in the breech-bolt, with a projectingspring and carrying at its rear end a laterally-projecting arm 50 and a downwardly-projecting arm 51. The arm 51 overlaps the arm 25 on the reciprocating rod 23 sufliciently to cause engagement between these parts, so that the portion of the rearward movement of the rod 23 which causes the upward movement in the breech-bolt 43 and which consequently results i in relative movement between the rod and bolt forces the firing'pin 49 rearward to its cocked position, after. which continued rearward movement of the rod 23 imparts the opening movement to the breech-bolt. When the rod 23 moves forward to impart the closing movement to the breech-bolt, its relative position in the breech-bolt is not changed until the latter reaches its iorward limit and begins to descend to its locked position. This downward movement of the breech-bolt, at which time the rod 23 moves forward therein, causes the arm 50 on the firing-pin to enter the vertical portion of a slot 34 in one of the ribs between the longitudinal grooves and to engage behind a shoulder 33, formed by said slot. The arm 50 remains in engagement with the shoulder 33 until the breech bolt completes its downward locking movement, after which the arm 50 will have entered the longitudinal portion of the groove 34' and be free to move forward to snap the cap, the rod 23, with its upwardly-projecting arm 25,having in the meantime moved forwardly in the breech-bolt in seating the latter a distance ample to permit the projection of the firing-pin. In unlocking the breech-bolt the construction of the cams 26 48 is such that upward movement in the breech-bolt immediately follows rearward movement of the rod 23, and this at a time when the arm 50 is beneath the shoulder 33. To avoid jamming, the arm 50 is adapted to swing downwardly upon theaxis of the firingpin as a center until said arm has moved rearwardly a suflicient distance to enter the vertical portion of the slot 34. By referring to Fig. 3 it. will be observed that the depending arm 51 has ample room to swing in the breechbolt for this purpose and without moving in either direction out of the vertical .plane'of the arm 25 on the rod 23.

In order to feed ammunition, cartridges are placed in the hopper- 52, the bottom of which is closed by an oscillating gate 53, mounted on trunnions 54 55, the gate being segmental and adapted to intercept the remaining cartridges as the lowermost is released. Oscillating movement sufficient to release the cartridges successfully is imparted to the gate'53 by a pinion 56 on its trunnion 55, engaged by a transversely-reciprocating toothed block 57, which carries on its under face an angnlarly-disposed groove 58, engaged by a pin 59 in the top of the breech-bolt. As the pin 59 moves longitudinally of the gun, the angle of the groove 58 is sufficient to cause a transverse movement of the block 57, and this in turn imparts the os' cillating movement through pinion 56 to the gate 53. As each cartridge is released itdrops upon a pair of arresting-studs 32 on opposite sides of the receiver, the projectile resting upon the shelf in rear of the gun-breech. As the movements of the parts are timed to deposit the cartridge in this position as the breech-bolt passes beyond the vertical line of the hopper, the return movement of the breechbolt will force the cartridge into the gun. After firing, the cartridge-shell will be withdrawn by a suitable extractor of any known construction and by its weight will pass beneath studs 32 and drop out of the gun, the rod 23 having a central opening 23 (indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 3) to permit its passage.

Having thus described the invention, the following is what is claimed as new therein:

1. In a gun, a breech-bolt reciprocating therein to open and close the breech, having a transverse movement to lock and unlock the bolt, and having locking means at opposite points thereon, whereby the bolt is balanced in its locked relation.

2. In a gun, a breech-bolt having a longitudinal movement to open and close the breech,

and a transverse movement to lock and unlock it, and locking lugs or projections at opposite points on the bolt, whereby the looking effect is balanced.

3. In a gun, a breech-bolt having a longitudinal movement to open and close the breech and a transverse movement to lock and un lock the bolt, and locking and guidinglugs or projections at opposite points on the bolt engaging in longitudinal and transverse ways in the gun for locking and guiding the bolt in its respective movements.

4. In a gun, a longitudinally-reciprocating breech-bolt moving bodily at an angle to its longitudinal movement tolock and unlock it, and having locking means at diametrically opposite points thereon, engaging in looking and guiding grooves.

5. In a gun, a breech-bolt having a longitudinal opening and closing movement, and a bodily locking and unlocking movement at an angle thereto, and balancing locking and guiding means on opposite faces thereof.

6. In a gun, a breech-bolt having a longitudinal opening and closing movement and a bodily locking and unlocking movement at an angle to its-longitudinal movement, locking and guiding means whereby the bolt is locked and guided in the adjacent portion of the gun located at diametrically opposite points with respect to the bolt; said locking means consisting each of intersecting grooves corresponding in direction to the movements of the bolt and projections cooperating with said groove.

7. In a gun, the combination of a breechbolt having longitudinal opening and closing movement, and a locking and an unlocking movement at an angle to the longitudinal movement, and locking and guiding means on opposite sides of the bolt, consisting of intersecting grooves corresponding in directions to the movements of the bolt, and cooperating projections working in said grooves; a plurality of said projections being provided in the direction of the longitudinal movement to maintain the alinement of the bolt in its opening and closing movement.

8. In a gun, the combination of a breechbolt having a longitudinally-reciprocating opening and closing, and a bodily locking and unlocking movement, and locking and guiding means on opposite sides of the bolt, consisting of intersecting grooves corresponding in direction respectively to the opening and closing and to the locking and unlocking movements, and cooperating projections working in said grooves; a plurality of said projections being provided in the line of the locking and unlocking movement to maintain the alinement of the bolt during such movement.

9. In a gun, the combination of a breechbolt having a longitudinally-reciprocating opening and closing, and a bodily locking and unlocking movement, and locking and guiding means on opposite sides of the bolt, consisting of intersecting grooves corresponding in direction respectively to the opening and closing and to the locking and unlocking moven1ents,and cooperating projections working in said grooves; a plurality of said projections being provided in the line of the opening and closing movement, and also in the line of the locking and unlocking movement,

to maintain the alinement of the bolt during such movements.

10. In combination with agun, a breech-bolt having a longitudinal movement to open and close the breech, and a movement transverse thereto for locking and unlocking the bolt in closed position; these relatively moving parts engaging by lugs on one part, and intersecting longitudinal and transverse grooves on the other part in which the lugs'are guided in the opening and closing and in the locking and unlocking movements respectively.

11. In a gun, the combination of a breechbolt having an opening and closing, and a 100 ing and unlocking movement and locking and guiding means on opposite sides of the bolt, consisting of a plurality of grooves corresponding in direction to the opening and closing movement, a plurality of'intersecting grooves corresponding to the locking and un-,

locking movement, a plurality of lugs or projections engaging in the grooves which guide the opening and closing movement, and a plurality of lugs engaging in the grooves in the line of the locking and unlocking movement.

12. In a gun, the combination of a breechbolt having on opposite sides thereof a plurality of series of lugs or projections arranged in longitudinal and also in transverse lines on the bolt, and a corresponding number of series of grooves in the gun receiving said lugs or projections with the transverse grooves intersecting the longitudinal grooves, whereby the bolt may receive its respective movements successively.

13. In combination wlth a gun, a breech-bolt moving longitudinally therein to open and close the breech and transversely therein to lock and unlock the bolt; said-bolt engaging the receiver by a longitudinal series of lugs on one part engaging in longitudinal grooves on the other part to guidethe bolt in its longitudinal movement and in a series of transverse grooves on said other part to lock and unlock the bolt; said lugs being of different dimensions to insure their return to the corresponding transverse grooveon completing the forward movement of the bolt.

14. In a gun, the combination with a reciprocating rod, having a cam,-and a breech-bolt moving bodily in a transverse direction for locking and unlocking and moving longitudinally for opening and closing and having a groove in which said cam works to impartthe locking and unlocking movement to the breech-bolt,and the opening and closing movement thereto, and suitable locking means for said bolt; the cam-groove being disposed at an intermediate point on the bolt, whereby the bolt is substantially balanced in the locking and unlocking movement imparted thereto.

15. In a gun, the combination of a reciprocating rod, a breech-bolt having locking means on opposite sides thereof, and moving transversely to lock and unlock the bolt and longitudinally to open and close the breech, and a cam connection between the reciprocating rod and the breech-bolt transmitting .a bodily transverse movement to the boltin looking and unlocking it.

16. in a gas-actuated machinegun,the combination of a breech bolt having locking means on opposite sides thereof, moving bodily in atransverse direction to lock and unlock the breech-bolt and in a longitudinal direction to open and close the breech, and gas-actuated reciprocating rod, having a cam connection With an intermediate point on the bolt for the purpose set forth.

17 In ages-operated machinegun,the combination with the receiver, having vertical and longitudinal grooves therein, a breech-bolt having lugs working in said vertical and longitudinal groove, and a gas-actuated reciprocating rod having a cam connection through which it imparts the movements of the bolt permitted by the engagement of the lugs in the grooves.

1b. ln a gun, the combination of the receiver, the breech-bolt reciprocating longitudinally in said receiver,the cartridge-magazine feeding cartridge-s to said receiver, the oscillating gate in said magazine, the transverselyreeiprocating part controlling the oscillation of said gate, and a cam connection between thebreech-bolt and. the transversely-recipror,

cating part actuating the latter as the breechbolt reciproeates. i

' 19. In a gun, the combination of the receiver, the breech-bolt reciprocating in said receiver, the cartridge-magazine feeding cartridges to-said receiver, the gate oscillating in said receiver, the pinion controlling the oscillation of said gate, the transversely-reciprocating toothed block engaging said pinion and having a cam-groove therein; and a pin carried by'the breech-bolt engaging said camgroove.

20. Ina gun, ceiver, the -breech-bolt reciprocating in said receiver and carrying a firing-pin, the operating connections for imparting movementsto the breech-bolt, a groove in the side of the 'receiver having a transverse and a longitudithe combination a of the renal portion,'a projection on the tiring-pin entering the transverse portion of said groove as the breeehbolt reaches its forward posi-v tion, and passing into the longitudinal portion as the breechebolt reaches its seat.

21. In a gun,'the combination of the receiver, the breech-bolt having a longitudinal movement and a transverse movement in said receiver, the reciprocating rod imparting movement to said breech-bolt, the firing-pin in the breech-bolt cocked by the reciprocating rod, having a projection thereon, and a groove in the side of the receiver having a transverse and a horizontal portion in Which the projection on the firing-pin enters, said pin entering the transverse portion as the bolt reaches its forward limit and passing into the longitudinal portion to detonate the cartridge when the bolt reaches its seat.

22. In an automatic machine-gun, the combination of the breech-bolt having a firingpin, the reciprocating rod actuating the breechbolt to open and close the breech and engaging the firing-pin to cock it by a motion relative to the breech-bolt, a projection on said firing-pin, an arresting-shoulder on the receiver adjacent to the forward position of the breech -bolt, maintaining the tiring pin in cocked position as the breech-bolt moves to its seat, but releasing said tiring-pin as theunlocking and opening the same. a tiring-pin movable in said hreecl i-holt and having a projectio'n thereon, a slot in the wall of the receiver having a vertical portion and alongitudinal portion in \\'lH('ll the pro ection on the slot as the breech-bolt is seated so as to per- 10 mit the projection of the firing-pin to fire the gun.

The foregoing specification signed this 26th day of November, 1902.

MORRIS F. SMITH.

firing-pin engages as the breech-bolt reaches its forward limit and a reciprocating rod engaging the firing-pin to retract it, and also moving the breecl1-bolt; the reciprocating rod 1 continuing its movement to seat the bolt, after i it reaches its forward limit, and the projection on the firing-pin engaging in the vertical part of the slot during said seating movement and entering the longitudinal portion of the In presence of XVILLIAM D. (JONDIT, J. R. MCQUIGG.