US783062A - Cylinder for treating heated metal. - Google Patents

Description

PATENTED PEB. 21, 1905.

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Patented February 21, 1905'.

UN'iTEnfS-'T'ATES PATENT OFFICE.

i "JAMSwf-MOSHIER, oF BRISTOL, CONNECTICUT. i

GYLI'NDER Fon THEM-me. HEATED METAL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 783,062, dated February 21, 1905. Application liled December 10, 1903. Serial No. 184.609.

To all whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAMES W. MosHIE'R, a citizen of the United States, residing at Bristol,vin the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have irl/vented certain new and useful Improvements in Cylinders for Treating Heated Metal, of which the following is a specification. Q

My invention relates' to improvements in cylinders for treating heated metal under pressure; and the objects of my improvement are simplicity of construction and eliiciency of the cylinder when constructed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a central longitudinal section of my cylinder with a,portion broken off from one side.

Fig. 2 is a reduced sectional view of the same A is immaterial tomy invention, although I pre` fer to form it with a thick and heavy outer body having rounded sides, as shownat the left-hand side of Fig. 1, the diameter at the middle on line a; .fr being greater than the diameter at the respective ends. I also prefer to provide the cylinder with trunnions on opposite sides, one of the said trunnions 3 being shown in Fig. ,2, while the opposite trunnion is broken olf. One of the said trunnions is also indicated in the distance by the broken circle?? in Fig. 1. As herein shown, these trunnions are cast in one and the same piece with the main cylinderA A. The said main cylinder has two annular heat- insulators 4 and 5, that permanentlyform a part of the said main cylinder by being cast into the metal of which the said main cylinder is formed. i A third annular heat-insulator 6 is filled in at the annular space between the walls of the main and inner cylinders. An annular plate or bushing 7, screw-threaded on its periphery, is screwed into one end of the main cylinder, so as to support that end of the inner cylinder B. The main cylinder i s made of caststeel and is cored centrally to form a central bore that forms the wall against which the outer side of the third vannular heat-insulator 6 bears and also Vto form the llange 8, against which one end ofthe said third annular heatins'ulator 6 bears, and also forms the counterbore or recess thatreceives the annular plate or bushing 7 at the endof the cylinder oppositev the said flange. The two annular heatinsulators 4 and 5 are formed of broken granite, soapstone, trap-rock. or other suitable non-conductors of heat by first molding them in a suitable mold under pressure, so as to be firmly compacted together and to retain their form substantially like a stone tube, which may be properly baked or dried. The core for the recess that receives the annular plate or bushing 7 may have formed in it two annular recesses to receive the ends of thesestone tubes, the said tubes being made longer than of the same metalv as that of which the main cylinder is cast. The insulator 5 at the upper end in the position shown in Fig. l is set ,a little below the inner side of the flange 8 `and the insulater tstill lower, so that in the completed cylinder the three insulators at that end are arranged step-fashion with each successive insulator a little shorter than the adjacent insulator on its inner side and with a flange 8 at the end of the inner insulator 6, which Harige on its outer face extends square across with the end of the cylinder. The body of the said flange at the end of all the insulators gradually increases in bulk as it extends outwardly and merges into the thick and heavy outer body of the outer cylinder A, whereby great strength is given to l'the said flange for resisting pressure longitudinally of the cylinder both forward and back- IOO ' ush with the surrounding metal.

tween the two insulators around them, both outside and inside, and wholly inclosing them at one end. 'llhe hot metal coming in contact with the chaplets merges them intro the body of the casting, so that they are not distinguishable in the finished casting. The central core. and the core for the recess to receive the annular plate or bushing are knocked out, and it the ends of the insulators t and 5 project into the recess for the bushing 7 they may be broken od rlhe interior of' 'the ilange 8 is dressed or turnedfout, and the thread 9 is-cut in the recess for the plate 'l' at the other end of the cylinder. l The linner cylinder B and plate or bushing lY are iitted to each other, and the opposite end of the said inner cylinderis tted to the interior of the Harige 8,.the said inner cylinder having, preferably, ar'educed and shouldered portion 10, that enters the interior bore of' the dange 8 ,with its shoulder abutting against the `inner wall of the said ange 8, as shown`-in Fig. 1. I prefer, however, to have a thin layer of insulating material-as, for example, a thin sheet of asbestos l2-placed around the outside ot the inner cylinder and 'between the abutting shoulders at the end, also between the inner face of the bushing 7 and the conlfronting metal of the main cylinder, the parts.

being ttted loosely enough to make provision for `the introduction of such material, which is indicated in Fig. 1 of the drawings bythe heavy lines 12 between the said parts. After the `inner cylinder'is in place and when the annular plate or bushing 7 is not in place the annular space between the inner wall 11 ofv the main cylinder and the outer wall of the las inner cylinder is filled with the same insulating material to form the third annularl heatinsulator 6, after which the said plate or bushing 7 is screwed in, all as shown in lllig. 1. '.lhe confronting faces of the-inner cylinder and the flange 8 at one end 'and the plate or bushing l at the other end are plain--that is, unthreaded-so that the inner cylinder may be forced out when desired.

The cylinder herein shown is designed in use to have the die placed at the flanged end (the upper end, as show n in Fig. 1) and to have the piston enter from the opposite end.` lln that case the shouldered portion of the inner `cylinder and the lange 8 will hold the inner cylinder against being pushed longitudinally out of place by the action of the piston. lt'

will also be observed that the heated netal at this end of the cylinder remains thereinlbnger than at the end by which the pistou enters,- and consequently the insulators are extended nearer to the delivery end oi the cylinder than they are to the entry end, so as to better insulate the cylinder at the' delivery end.. rlhe inner cylinder is of course the most subjected to heat, and consequently -is made separate for convenience of renewal when desired. Saalso, the inner insulator 6 may be renewed require renewal.

reacts' occasion requires; but the other insulators are not liable to injury, so that there will be no occasion for renewal.

lt should be noted that the main cylinder has an end wall of solid metal which covers the end of all the annular insulators and which gradually increases in bulk from the inner insulator outwardly. This wall, which `is a continuation of the flange 8, is cast integral with the body of the said main cylinder, including the metal that lies between the said insulators. While ll prefer to`employ the three insulators shown, it is evident that ,no difference in construction would be involved in the mere omission of the outer` insulator l.

l have described the outer cylinder A as lformed with a thick and heavy body, and in this connection it -should be noted that the inner cylinder and the metal of the outer cylinder lying between the insulators are comparatively thin. As shown, the thickness of this heavy body at the outside ofthe outer insulators is fully three times that of the combined thickness of the inner cylinder and the metal of the outer cylinder that lies between the insulators. ln fact, the thickness of this metal outside of the outer insulator far exceeds the combined thickness of all the insulators and metal inside of the said thic body of metal.

rlhe cylinder is designed for treating alloys that fall under the general term oi' brasa and it is essential to have the metal heated to a high temperature and to employ a very powerful pressure. rllhe insulators are compacted as firmly as possible, so as to resist the powerful pressure as the said insulators are held to their work by the heavy body of metal in the outer cylinder. ln` practice the inner cylinderwill be heated red-hot, so thatof itself it will have but little, if any, eiliciency in resistin g pressure, except as it is supported by the surrounding insulators and outer cylinder. By making this outer cylinder with a thick and heavy body'the said cylinder may be heated in a suitable furnace before using and charged when quite hot, so that the inner cylinder will soon be approximately as hot as the metal within the cylinder, the heat being retained by means of the insulators assisted by the heated heavy body, which when hot will retain the heatmuch longer than would a body ot' less bulk. While the cylinder thus heated throughout is weakened more or less,

it is made heavy enough to resist the required pressure when thus weakened by heat as well as tomake it heavy enough to retain its heat for some time. Theinner cylinder by being kept so heated will in time become impaired and llt will generally bulge more or less by lreason of the insulating material giving way to some extent'under the great pressure employed, and thereby it will become embedded or compacted into the inner insulator as to be inseparable therefrom without breaking up the said inner insulatoi` 6. By casting the outer cylinder with a thick and heavy body around the two previously-compacted insulators 4 and 5, as described, there is a large body .of metal to shrink in cooling the casting, so that the said insulators 4 andy 5 are still more firmly compacted by being cast in, and thus they are firm enough to resist the pressure to which they are subjected and to firmly support the metal between the said insulators and permanently maintain the said metal in position. Even if the metal adjacent to the insulator 6 should be slightly displaced so as to enlarge the space for the temporary insulator 6 it will do no harin,as the said space will be cornpletely filled upon repaeking. By casting the metal between the insulators integral with the fiange Sand thick heavy body of the outer cylinder the cylinder is strongenough to permit of the inner cylinder being forced backwardly out of the fiange 8 by any suitable pressure devices, and thereby breakup the temporaryinsulator 6, without disturbing the other insulators or in any way injuring the metal of' the outer cylinder that lies in between the insulators. By making the outer cylinder of' cast-steel with the insulators permanently cast therein I effect a great saving in the cost of production.

It is apparentthat some changes from the specific construction herein disclosed may be uiade, and therefore l do not wish to be -understood as limiting myself to the precise form of construction shown and described, but desire the liberty to-make such changes in within the spirit and scope of' tlie same.

I claim as niy invention--l 1. A cylinder for treating heated metal consisting ofl a main cylinder of' cast metal having an annular lieat-insulator cast therein with a thick heavy body of' metal surrounding the said insulator and a thin body ofl metal inside of the said insulator connected by a solid wall at one end of the cylinder with the said thick heavy body,the opposite end of the cylinder being recessed, an annular plate or bushing within the said recess, an inner cylinder extended through the said annular plate at one end and against the solid wall of metal at the other end, and an annular heat-insulator filling the space between the said outer and inner walls ofl the said main and inner cylinders.

2. A cast-metal cylinder for treating heated metal having a series of annular lieat-insula- 'tors separated from each other by a metal body, the ends of' the said series being arranged in step form with the inner insulator coming nearest to the end of the cylinder and having a solid wall of' metal covering the said stepped ends and of' grailually-increasing bulk from the inner insulator outwardly, the said solid wall .being integral with the metal of the cylinder on the outside of the said series of insulatbrs and with the metal between the said insulators.

3. Acylinder f'or treating heated metal under pressure comprising a previously formed and compacted annular heat-insulator, a main cylinder of' cast metal filling the interstices of the said insulator and inclosing the said insulator by a thin body of' metal on the inner side, a thicker wall of metal at one end of the said insulator and a thick heavy outer body of metal integral with the said thin body and'tliicker wall, and serving by the great shrinkage of the said heavy body to further compact the said previously formed and compacted insulator, an inner cylinder having a thin body of metal mounted within the said main cylinder, and an annular heat-insulator between the outer and inner walls ofthe said main and inner cylinders` whereby the said inner cylinder when weakened by being heated red-hot is supported inA place and protected by said thick heavy body and intermediate metal and insulators.

4:. ln a cylinder for treating heated metal, the combination of the main cylinder having an annular insulator cast therein, an inwardlyprojecting fiange and solid wall at one end, andan annular recess at its other end surrounding its bore, with an annular plate or bushing filling the said recess, an inner cylinder with one end fitted to the interior of' the said bushing and its other end to the interior of the said fiange, and .a heat-insulator filling the space between the confronting inner and j outer walls of' the said cylinders. working my invention as may fairly comel A cylinder for treating heated metal under pressure comprising a previously formed and compacted annular lieat-insulator, a main cylinder ofl cast metal inclosing the said inthe outer and inner sides by outer and inner metal walls cast integral with the said 'end wall and filling' the interstices in the said insulator, an inner cylinder mounted within the said main cylinder, and having a longitudinally-plaiii surface by which it is fitted to the said main cylinder, whereby it is formed f'or removal by being forced in the longitudinal direction away from the said inclosing end wall witliout being' rotated, and a filling of' insulating material packed in between the inner wall of metal inside of the said previously-fornicd insulator and the outer wall of the said inner cylinder, whereby the said inner cylinder may be forced longitudinally out lof' the main cylinder f'or repairs without breaking il p the said previously formed and compacted heat-insulator.

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