US783001A - Reciprocating electric engine. - Google Patents

Description

No. 783,001. PATENTED FEB. 21, 1905. B. 0. WAGNER. REGIPROGATING .BLBGTRIG ENGINE.

APPLIOATION FILED SEPT. 22.1904.

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EEGEPEQGATING ELEGTEIG ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 22. 1904.

- 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

PATENTED FEB. 21, 1905.

B. 0. WAGNER. REGIPROCATING ELEGTRIG ENGINE.

APPIIUATION FILED SEPT. 22,1904.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

UNITED STATES Patented February 2.v 1905.

PATENT OFFICE. A

BRUNO OTTO WAGNER., OF EL raso, TEXAS.

v RECIPROCATINGELECTRIC ENeiaiizc.'v

ASPECIFXGA'IION forming part of Letters Pa.tent No, 783,001. atedfFbmary 21., 1.905.

' Application filed september 22,1904. serai No, 225.591."

To nl] whom, .it may concern:

Be it known that I, BRUNO OTTO WAGNER, a citizen o'f the United States, residing at El Paso, `in the county of El Paso and State of '.lexas, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Reciprocating Electric Engines, of which the following isa specification.

My invention relates to improvements in reciprocating electric engines; and its primary IO Objectis to provide meansfor employing an I5 like armature in a reciprocal axial motion to develop mechanical power in both directions. 0n the other hand, said oscillating magnetic field is to ejvcite a counteracting magnetic iield in the moving armature when the same is re- 20 tarded in its velocity by mechanical load.

In its generic nature my present invention embodies a stationary magazine of solenoids and iron rings serially arranged in alternate succession inside of a metallic receptacle or housing and periodically'excited 'to form an oscillating magnetic lield, an iion armature with self-contained' short-circuited solenoids not being supplied with current from an outside source, said armature describing a reciprocal motion within the solenoid-magazine un' der the action of the oscillating' lield, an oseillating switch or rotating controller for supplying the solenoid-coils with dii'ect current -in the way asinentioned above', said switch or controller being ,operated by a combination of mechanical members connected with the engine or separately by a suitable source of power for instance, hand or oot powermeans tor regulating the speed especially re'- 40 quiredl of engines with self-operated rotating ycontrollers,- means for starting the engine.

' Specitically, myvinvention consists of the novel construction and combination of parts, which will hereinafter be fully described, and

particularly pointed out in the appended claims, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in whicli-.

Figure l represents av wiring diagram of'a reciprocating electric engine with an oscillating switch to be operated by hand -or foot forge hammer.

power. Fig. 2 exhibits a.'diagrammatic view of wire connections'for an enginewith a revolving controller,I showing alsofthe principle of the speedLregiilalting attachment. Fig. 3

is a longitudinalsection through th'e mechan- 55 ical power-generating part ofthe engiiie,slio\v ing themagazine of the solenoids, its construction, and the armature. Fig. 4 is. a side view to Fig'. 3 inarrow direction 'toward the cover 15a. 15"' being removed and inner top' ring-plate ,16' shown.4 Fig. 5 isa side'view to the armature i'n Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a sideview to an'intermediate ring-plate vliiijFig. 3. Fie'. '7

h is the rear view ot a rotating controller with .65 `starting mechanism and cross-section on line 8 8 in the arrow direction of Fig. 8. Fig. 8 is a longitudinal section to Fig. 7 taken on the `line A B C l) and seen in the arrow direc- Fig. 9 is a front View of a reciprocat- 70 tions. ing electric engine of vertical construction, representing an electrically-operated drop# Fig. lOisa sid'e View in rightangle and arrow direction to Fig. 9. Figs. 1 1

and 111 are covering the speed-regulating de- 75 vice, Fig. 11" being a section en the line 11- 11 of Fi g .`1.1".faced in the arrow direction. Fig.' 1Q is a. face view in arrow direction toward the slide-'contact or brusli-liolder' in Fig. 1,0.

Fig..13 is a side elevationof thejiin'ger BO/in S0 Fig. 9, seen in arrow direction. Figs. 14 and and 14C" represent in detail the adjustable stoppin 29 or 29h-as shown in the Figs. 9and 10, Fig. 14" being the side View, and Fig. 141 a front view, in arrow direction of Fig. LP.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals ot' reference indicate like parts in all of' the figures, 1u l" 1"-1h represent a number of solenoids of insulated copper wire, wherein 1, 1, 1e, and-90 1g are wound in one direction and 1b, 1, 1", and 1h in a'direction'opposite to them. SaidV solenoids are connected in a way that all ends of one side-for' instance, their outer endsjoin to the return-wire 2,.while-the other ends of the coils 2" 2" 2f-9." are connected either to a corresponding number ot metallic contacts insulated from each other,

as shown in Fig. 1, or to a' niiiiibei' of inutually-insulated metallic segments, which torn- Fig. LL" is a side view to Fig. 3, the cover 60 parts of a so-call'ed collecton as indicated 'flux of lines of force. n branch current of less intensity from the le-V lin Fig. 2.` Discussing first the diagram, Fig.

1, the'otherpole of the current source, pref kerably the positive one, is in connection with the contact-lever 3, which is fulcrumed in 1' rand limited in its amplitude by stationary o'r adjustable stop-pins 1k and 1. Fixed to the lever 3", but at the same time electrically insulated in its joint, is an' elastic contact-arm 3", which issu'pplied with a current' throughl the`crossfconnected resistance 3". Steady resistances 4 4b 4-4 with a comparatively high ohmage are further connected between the wire-leads -froml the different coils to the controller-contacts, as indicated in Figs. 1 and 2. Taking in view an initial position of the contact-lever 3*, the 'strongest' current will flow from this lever through` the first contacttothe solenoid 1* and produce there the maximum At the same time a vei` 3 through the'` `resistance '3c will `pass the vcontact-arm l3", the second contact-button, and

create'a magnetic field in the solenoid 1b that is respectively weaker than thev first one and of opposite polarity. Comparatively small currents will pass the resistance bridges 4'* 4h 4, &c. When turning the level-3'l counterclockwise, the magnetic field in coil; il?, `will disappear and excite in it an electromotive force of self-induction which would 'canse a live spark at the metal contact and endanger ""the..wire insulation of the coil unless there was apath 4 open 'for its discharge. tinuinfg' the movement ofA the contact-lever Con- ',With a certain speeda wave of lines efforce y will'travel through all coils with a proportional linear velocity, and said wave will rel turn its direction when the lever isl `mved backward. v l

' In place of ari-oscillating switch a` rotati ng arm with two brushes or slide-contacts and 5", Fig. 2, may be used, 'of which 5b is separated from vits neighbor by anv intermediate piece of insulating material while electrically -connected to4 by a resistance 5, similar to that in Fig.v 1f Said jbrulshesare revolving around ajdrum'of mutually-insulated metal segments45,`built up in the same way asa commutator ofa direct-current dynamo. This collector'f as I prefer to call it, iskept in al fixed position when the engine is working, and its axis coincides with-the fulcrum ot' the revolving brush-holder. The number of segments is equal to twice the number of solen-` oids minus two;r but under special circumstancesa-v larger numberl of segments may be n ntaken. xAsvFig. 2 shows', the corresponding opposite segments on parallel chords are electrically connected to other by insulated metal ,wires-or strips, lwhile the'leading-'in wires of thefirst and lastfsolenoids are joined `tovseg'men'tswhich arejlying onthe symmetry line assumed at a right angle to the parallel -chord`s,and tbe-segments "seconlto last but the coils.

one are wired .@ef'a'afm to the intermediate, solenoids. Like in Fig. 1, all endings oi' the different solenoidsvar'e combined withzlah'e common return-wire 2,01 the electrical source.

-Inl solid combination with tl'iebii'isheholder 70 arm is a metallic ring 6, which when rotating receives current' through the Slide contact 7,

that is fastened stationarilyto-a metallic block v 8, insulated from the frame of the machine.

Ring 6 is attached to the ily-wheel A9,"which is 75 set in motion by the engine by means of mechanical devices, to be described hereinafter. When the ily-wheel 9 is revolving, the brushes 5 and 5l will send a'current through the different coils and so produce a traveling mag- 30 netic field of thesame character as explained heretofore.` One revolution of the brushholder means a full oscillation of the field in the solenoid-magazine, sparking at the brushes -being reduced to a minimum kby the 'compen- 85 with a I -ShapedI- rim profile 16 and 16;l The 95 rings 16 16h 16"-16 have each one a square opening in its rim-for example, 16' in ring lr-and an adjacent slot 16' in its center web to allow sufiicient space for the wire-leads of similar way the rings 16ll and 16 arealso provided with suitable slots 16 and 16",' and a long slot 14 in the cylindrical liousing 14 affords kaccess for the outside wires to join the coil-leads. Figs. 3, 4, l4?,`and 6 designate 105 the location ofsaid openings and slots. Both ends ofthe housing 14 are covered by .metallic plates 15'l and. lvcwith inside pi'oiectin'g'f ...l yrims "and 15, respectively, to hold l'them in a central position to the housing and 'make I I0 lthem rest against the rings 16' andff416l. A number of cap-screws in tli'e housing-Figs. 4l and. 4"4 indicate sixof them-pass with clearance' through holes in the covers andrl press the rings 16 16f 16%1'6" axially to- I I5 gether, thereby securing goed metallic contacts in all the joints. lnj the two covers and 15 is centrally guided an iron or'steel rod 17 a, to which is fixedly secured by 'afiakey l 17" or similar means a piston-armature 17, -120 Figsf3 and 5. 1n its specific nature'said armature consistsof a cylindrical iron body 1T, having. a web 17 in its center and iron flanges' 1,7.t and 17g screwed on each end. The outsidediai'neter of the armature is` kept alittle 125 smaller than the `bore of the 'rings 16 16"-- '16, so asto form just a small air-space. The length of said armature is somewhat shorter than the axial measurement across the webs A of agroup of three vrings-alor'instance, .16-, A13.0

For tliesame purpose and in a the web of the fly-wheel.

so-called dead-center position. 1For this purpose a portion- 9b hasbeen removed from In small lreciprocating electric engines for operating stonedrills, chisels, &c., which arel mostly Working in .different places and positionswhere an evenly-balanced fly-wheel has to be used, such ted lines in Fig.A 10, form strike-pins, against.

vsired.

engines are set in motion simply by giving a turn. to theIfiv-wncel by hand beforegclosing the electric circuit.

'For a certain class of reciprocating engines, suclfi: as forge-hammers, a stroke adjustment will be necessary, and therefore provisions 'are m'ade in Fig. 9 to limit the angle of oscillation of the fly-wheel. In the .wheel-casing 27b are two circularly-curved,v slots 27 and 2T, in which the adjusting-bolts 29'* and 29", Figs. 14 and 14", can be shoved iii any position de- The heads of these bolts extending-,inside of the wheel-casing, as indicated byldot-l which alternately dashes the elastic linger 30, Fig. 13, that is fixed to the'fiy-whee'l by nieans of I`angle-ineces and screws or any other prac-"- tical way. 'lhe object of this elast-ic finger is to act as a buffer.--2'. to take up the impact due tothe accumulated energyin the moving parts and repulsc the fly-wheel. there- :by turning the brush-holders 5 and 5b in opposite direction and reversing the armaturestroke.

In Figs. 9, 11, and l1" is furtliei' shown the way of fastening thespeed-regulating device to the engine-frame. The electromagnetas heretofore described, is screwed against a racket 31 of non-magnetic metal, which is fastened to the wheel-casing. Q7".

Discussing now Figs. -7' and 8 and refeil ring at the same time again to Figs. 9 andl 10,.

the arm I carries a long box-bearing 2l" for thc revolving steel shaft 32, to which is keyed the fly-wheel 9 on one end'and the collar-ring 33 on the other. Lubrication is snp- -plied by an oil-cupV 34 or any other suitable device in place of it. To the bearing extension QTf isfitted the,.ifollector-sleeve 35, held in place by the shouflfler 36 and the ring-nut 37. Said collector-sleeve is capable of being' turned by a lever 3S, that is fastened to igt-in 39 and has on its free end an eye 38" to join a pull chain or cord to ite, The total movement of the lever and collector-sleeve in the arrow direction of Fig. 'j' amounts to about sixty degrecs, to which angle it is limited-by stop-pins 40and 41, both being fastened to the collectorsleeve 35, while pin 43, against whichsaid pins are striking, is'fscifewed to the bearing. The final positionl of the lever movement is marked by lines. A helical or spiral spring 44 is att-ached to the stop-pin40 and hooked to the stud-screw 42 on the bearing, thereby holding the lever 38 in a position as indicated in Fig. 9. As already set forth; the engine under light mechanical load will set itself in motion immediately after closing the circuit; but in cases Where heavy loads at the starting moment must be overcome it may be necessary to give a quick turn to thelever 38 in the arrow direction, thereby causing a 'relative rotation of the collector toward the brushes and starting a magnetic wave through the solenoid-magazine.

In its details the collector consists of' segments 45, lof copper or bronze, wh'ich are separated from each other and 'the sleeve 35 by a suitable insulating material in t-he same manner as inordinary dynamo-commutators. Instead of arranging cord connectors inside of the collector, as diagrammatically indicated in Fig. Q, I practically would advise to use symn'ietrically-grouped curved metal strips 46 4Q" 46f well insulated from each other and joined to the proper collector-segments' by bindingscrews or soldering, as outlined in Figs. 8 and k9. The wire leads 2 2l 205- 1? are .exhibited asbeing soldered in the rear of the collectorsegments, though any other approved mechanical way might do for the same purpose.

The metallic contact-ring 6 is fastened 'toV the-fiy-wheel by a number of (for instance,

Y four) cap-screws 48, every one being carefully insulated from the metal by a bushing 49and washer 50, of hardl fiber, micanite, or lava.

lociV Cast. or mechanically joined to this ring is an IOS.

Asl

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both brush-holders consi-sts of a coil of insulated resistance-wire wound upon a spoolfiame of non-conducting material or insulated metal, which is fixedly attached to the ring 6 oppositely `t0 the brush-holders in order to counterbalance the mass of the ring. One end of the resistance-wire is joined to the contactring 6, while the other is attached to the'` 'metal casing of the brush-holder 5". The

slide-contact 7 for feeding the` ring 6 with cuirent is asiinple carbon brush 52, fastened to a spring built up of fiat copper oi' phosphorbronze strips, which is joined to the me-4v Said terminal plate is screwed tvo-ai block 53, of non-conductive tallicr terminal plate 8.

16, and 16". The object of this arrangement is to moderate the impacts in thje moment ot' Starting and stroke changing and secure a more steady runningof the engine; but while I havelshown and explained just this construction I desire it understood that '1 may use au armature ot' a length` covering m the alternately north and south polarity when aI current is flowing through the solenoids.v

Suppose a current is sent through coil 1,

making 16l a south pole andweb- 16" a north pole and at the same time through coil 1" a somewhat weaker current, causing north magnetism in 16 and south polarity in 16"; In the very instant whenthe circuit is closed the armature will undergo a repulsion toward the left on account of the magnetic c'ounter-tields in its core induced by the circulation ot' oppo- 1 site currents in the two short-cn'cuited armature-coils. 'lhis armature movementis transmitted to the rotating controlleinFig.Zand sets brushes 5and 5 incontact with collector-segments,-.bi which electric circuits are brought about through the solenoids 1" and l, respec- .tively,l the strength of lthe lield in c oil 1" is raised toits maximum, and a new iield formed in coil 1, with south magnetism in, 16s and a north polein 16. A further contemplation ofl the theory of operation will indicate that a rising and increase of strength as well as progressive migration of these lprimary tields will cause counteracting secondary {ields in the armature, under which action the. latter is finally propelled in a positionas indicated by lines in Fig. 3.. At the same time the brush-holder .5 has made contact witha collector-segment that is connected with the wire 2 of solenoid 1h, which consequently is fully energized. The restored energy in the revolving iiy-weeel 9 will turn the brush-holders forward, Aand thus a wave ot lines'ot' force will travel progressvelyfrom solenoid 1h to l, causing an armature-stroke to the right. A retardation of the velocity ofthe armature due to increase in mechanical load reacting on the rod 17a will strengthen the counter-Held and therewith the propelling force of the ar- In order to control the speed, an electromagnetically-working device, which 1 prefer to call the "regulator, Fig. 2, has been attached iixedly to the frame of the engine on 'tween two helical springs 26 and 2G".

` tension ot' the springs 26 and 2G".

a suitable place close to the firculnt'erc-nce of the fly-wheel. Speeilically the regulator consists ot' an H-shaped electroimlgnet with a sott-iron core and pole-plates 1d and 1o" fastened on both ends ot' it. Said magnet-core carries two solenoids iland 12, one ot' them being in the main circuitof the engine, the other excited by a branch current taken .across -the main terminals ot' the engine, said branch current iowing in opposite di rections through the coil and so4 having a tendency to weaken the magnetic effect ot' the regulator. A suitable rheostat-l?) to be operated by hand or engine-power by means ot' a (ly-wheel governor will regulate the intensityv ot' this current. Assumed the engine.y is working and the rheostat 13 so adjusted that the strength of the magnetic lield in 12 oVerweighs-that ot' coil 11, the fly-wheel will revolve at a 'certain speed. \Vhenthe number ot' revolutions becomes excessive, said regulatory will exercise iron rim ot the whe'el. On the other hand when the mechanical load tothe engine is iui creased the strengthened lield in coil. 11 will slightly compensate the magnetic lield otl coil .12, diminish the dragging eli'ect ot' the regulator toward' the. ily-wheel, and thereby make it gain in speed. It isr obvious that in order to get a lproperly-acting regulator the4 magnetic lield in coil l2 4must be considerably stronger than the lield 11 at the heaviest load 1 `igs-i9 and 1() exhibit an example ot' an up- 1rightconstruction ot' the reciprocating electric engine operating a drop-forge hammer, itsheiul-piece supposed to be fastened to the extension end 18 ofthe rod 1T" in any practically-approved way. Parallel to this rod and a braking cti'ect toward the fly-wheel, due to' y the. lndnction ot' eddy-currents in the massive solidly secured to it by twobrackets wandV 23 is a rod or bar 2i, on which a slidable sleeve Q5 is held in a. balanced position hel Said rod' or bar Qi'is provided with screw-threads 21 and 2i" on both ends Vto a certain length IIO toward the center, and the nuts Q4" and 2th.,

secured by counter-nuts. serve to adjust the One side' of the lower bracket 1S) 1s shaped outeto a guide-shoe 20, sliding in two guide- bars 21 and 22,which construction, however,v is not intended to be authoritative t'or future, designs of the exigirle, as any practically-approved exe-4 cution may take its place. lh'e same suggestion might apply to the top part 27, which-is outlined in` Figs. 9 and 1U asa hollow cast-' iron `piece comprising the bearing-.arm QI, the cover 151, and the fly-wheel casing 2T", the column part QT having ilnthe front an oblong opening li'awlitlr ample dimensions for the movement ot' the bracket 23, and on its sides two oppositely-located smaller openings 27'h and 27f` for `removing the key 23 when sepau rating the bracket 23 from the rod 17". l lt groups of insulated copper rings, for the purmaterial, that is fastened to the engine-frame and insulates the brush-holder from the metal.

lHaving thus speciiically described my en-y direct currenttaken from a lighting or power j to form magnetic poles, with an axially-reciprocating iron piston-armature inslde of said solenoids and rings, said armature carrying pose specified.

2. In a reciprocatingelectric engine the combination of ametallically-inclosed magazine of iron'rings and interposed solenoids forming periodically and in sequence actuated electromagnets, with a rotary controller as speciiied, to open and close vprogressively circuits through said electromagnets and reverse the direction of the oscillating field when the armature is toreverse its stroke.

3,. In a reciprocating electric engine, comprising in'combination w ith a magazine of iron rings and interposed solenoids being connected to form periodically magnetic fields in proper sequence but of alternate polarity, an iron armature with groups of insulated copper rings reciprocating inside of these solenoids to produce secondary magnetic fields of the same polarity as the primary ones, a controlling apparatus combined with said engine for the p urpose of producing an oscillating primary field of specified characteristic from a common direc't current, anumber of compensating resistances joined across the leading-in wires of the solenoids to avoid sparking at the collector due to self-induction in the coils, and an electromagnetically-acting speed-regulating device, including a rheostat, as set orth.

4. .In a reciprocatingelectric engine a metalally-moving armature-rod, said cover-plates provided with an inside projecting rim to lean against the outer magnet-rings and transmit the pressure of the screws to the contact-joints betweenthe dilerentinner rings.

cular motion for operating a rotary controller whereby elastic members are interposed to weaken the impact toward said *.controllin g apparatus inthe instant of the strokevlreturnof the armature, and an energy-storing'machine element compounded with said 'rotary controller for the purpose of overcoming its deadcenter positions and equalizing its velocity or 'rebounding the controller from its final positions in case its movement has beenlimited to oscillation by mechanical means, as set forth.

6. In a reciprocating electric engine of the character stated ,`the combination of a liiywheel-like energy-storing element with a metallic contact-ring, this ring'electrically insulated from said. machine element butiixedly secured to it fand fed by an electric current through astationary slide-contact, a group of radial bru-sh-holders with elastically-adjustable carbon brushes fixed to said ring by suitable means, one of said brush-holders being directly fastened to'that ring while the others are insulated from each other aswell as from that ring, all brush-holders beingconnected in line to eachother by suitable resistances and sliding upon a collector, as specified.

7. In a reciprocating electric engine of the character stated, a collector sitting on thevextending cylindric portion of the bearing for the enginegoverning apparatus, said collector consisting of mutually-insulated metal segments, the. number of which vto be equal to twice the total number ot' coils in the solenoidmagazine, minus two, said segments to be combined in a manner that insulated metallic strips are connecting but opposite segments on parallel cords supposed to be drawn through thecollector, as speciiied.

8. In a reciprocating electric engine of the character described, the combination of a eollector capable of being turned upon the extend.- ing portion of the bearing for the enginegoverning apparatus by means of a lever fas- `locally-adjusta'ble pins-with means for securing these pins [ixedly to the engine-frame after their adjustment. is made, and an elastic linger fastened to said energy-storing dev-ice, oscillating between said pins and serving as a nebuing'member when hitting these pins at the stroke return.

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coils of *which oneis traversed by the nainl current of the engine, the other fed by a branch current to be adjusted by a rheostatQfor the purpose specified.l f 4 In testimonywyhereof I'have signed my name to this speciicationin the presence of twozsubscribing Witnesses; f

BRUNOl OTTO `WAGNER.

Witnesses: l

H. ADOLPH WIK-OFF, JOHN OESTREICH.

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