US7816307B2 - Powder mixture suitable for sintering to form a self-lubricating solid material - Google Patents
Powder mixture suitable for sintering to form a self-lubricating solid material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US7816307B2 US7816307B2 US11/329,034 US32903406A US7816307B2 US 7816307 B2 US7816307 B2 US 7816307B2 US 32903406 A US32903406 A US 32903406A US 7816307 B2 US7816307 B2 US 7816307B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solid lubricant
- powder mixture
- lubricating
- metal alloy
- mixture
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active, expires
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/05—Mixtures of metal powder with non-metallic powder
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0089—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with other, not previously mentioned inorganic compounds as the main non-metallic constituent, e.g. sulfides, glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/04—Elements
- C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
- C10M2201/065—Sulfides; Selenides; Tellurides
- C10M2201/066—Molybdenum sulfide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
- C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
Definitions
- the invention relates to a novel self-lubricating solid material; to a method of preparing such a material from a powder mixture; to said powder mixture; and to mechanical parts made of this novel material.
- Solid materials that are self-lubricating when dry are commonly used to fabricate mechanical parts such as bushings, ball joints, or pivots, that are subjected to high levels of friction even though their operating conditions make it impossible to use liquid lubricants of the oil or grease type. This applies in particular to the bushings used for protecting the roots of variable-pitch vanes in the compressors of airplane turbojets.
- bushings are generally mounted as tight fits in orifices formed through the stator casing of the compressor. They receive the roots of the variable-pitch vanes of the compressor. An example of this type of bushing is described in the US patent published under the U.S. Pat. No. 6,480,960 B2.
- bushing and blade-root assemblies are subjected to large amounts of friction associated with the blades pivoting inside the bushings, or with the vibration caused by the operation of the turbojet.
- the bushings are made of a material that is “softer” than the material used for the pivots so that it is the bushings that wear as a priority, thereby protecting the pivots.
- Such a mixture generally comprises a powder of a metal alloy, acting as a precursor for the matrix of the self-lubricating material, together with particles of a solid lubricant that are stable at the temperatures at which the material is worked and used so that they do not react with said metal alloy and remain intact in order to be capable of performing their lubricating action.
- the greater the content of such particles in the mixture the better are the self-lubricating properties of the final material (where the term “final material” is used to mean the material made from said powder mixture).
- An object of the present invention is to propose a powder mixture that can be sintered easily and that makes it possible to make a material that presents good self-lubricating properties.
- the invention provides a powder mixture suitable for sintering to form a self-lubricating solid material, the mixture comprising a powder of a metal alloy that is a precursor for the matrix of said self-lubricating solid material, particles of cerium trifluoride CeF 3 as a first solid lubricant for insertion in said matrix without reacting with said metal alloy during sintering of the powder, and particles of a second solid lubricant for reacting with a component of said metal alloy during sintering of the powder in order to form a lubricating phase.
- the invention thus resides in using two types of solid lubricant, having different modes of integration in the matrix of the final material. Because of this difference, it is found that a mixture comprising x % of the first solid lubricant and y % of the second solid lubricant is easier to sinter than a mixture comprising one only of the two types of lubricant at a content of (x+y)%.
- the content of the first solid lubricant in the mixture is equal to or less than about 15% by volume, and is preferably equal to or less than about 10% by volume.
- the content of the second solid lubricant in said mixture is equal to or less than about 15% by volume, and preferably is equal to or less than about 10% by volume.
- the sum of the contents of the first and second solid lubricants is greater than 10% by volume, and is preferably greater than 15% by volume.
- the invention provides a method of preparing a self-lubricating solid material, the method comprising the steps consisting in: making a mixture of powders of the type described above in accordance with the first aspect; mixing said mixture intimately (i.e. ensuring that the mixture is thoroughly uniform); and sintering the resulting intimate mixture.
- a binder is added to said intimate mixture.
- the intimate mixture made in this way can then be molded by pressing or injection in a mold in such a manner as to form a blank for the part that is to be fabricated.
- the blank is then extracted from the mold and the binder removed in conventional manner during a catalytic or thermal binder-removing step, and said blank is finally densified by sintering.
- the method enables parts of very complex shape to be mass-produced from the powder mixture of the invention, and thus enables the cost price of said parts to be reduced.
- the invention provides a self-lubricating solid material comprising a metal alloy matrix and particles of a solid lubricant inserted in said matrix, the material further comprising a lubricating phase comprising a sulfur compound of hexagonal structure.
- the invention provides a mechanical part, said part being made of a material of the type described above, in accordance with the third aspect.
- the mechanical part is a bushing for receiving the root of a variable-pitch compressor vane in an airplane turbojet.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively show first and second types of assembly comprising a bushing for a turbojet compressor vane.
- the metal alloy that constitutes a precursor for the matrix of the final self-lubricating solid material can be selected to be an alloy based on iron, nickel, or cobalt.
- a nickel-based alloy of the Astroloy® (registered trademark) type and more particularly of a grade including 17.3% cobalt, 14.3% chromium, 4% aluminum, and 3.5% titanium.
- an iron-based alloy such as an alloy of the TY355® (registered trademark) type including 1.23% carbon, 4.05% vanadium, 4.68% chromium, 4.45% molybdenum, and 5.46% tungsten.
- These two example alloys are selected for their ability to withstand oxidation at high temperatures and for their mechanical properties, in particular hardness greater than 400 on the Vickers' hardness scale (HV).
- the first solid lubricant can be selected as cerium trifluoride CeF 3 .
- CeF 3 is a byproduct of rare earths that presents good wear behavior, in particular because of its lamellar hexagonal structure.
- CeF 3 presents good performance at high temperatures, up to 1000° C., thus making the powder mixture (or the self-lubricating solid material made from said mixture) particularly suitable for use in making mechanical parts that are subjected to high temperatures in operation, such as the bushings for turbojet compressor vanes.
- the mean size for the particles of the first solid lubricant is selected as a function of the mean size of the particles of the metal alloy.
- the mean size of the metal alloy particles preferably lies in the range 5 micrometers ( ⁇ m) to 100 ⁇ m.
- the mean size for the particles of the first solid lubricant is selected to be less than 50 ⁇ m, so as to enable the particles of the first solid lubricant to form agglomerates of different sizes capable of becoming inserted in said matrix.
- the second solid lubricant can be selected from tungsten disulfide WS 2 or molybdenum disulfide MoS 2 .
- These compounds belong to the dichalcogenide family and have a lamellar hexagonal structure. They react with the matrix-precursor metal alloy to give rise to at least one lubricating phase comprising at least one sulfur compound of hexagonal structure.
- the self-lubricating properties of the final solid material can be evaluated by measuring the friction coefficient between said final material and a reference material. These properties become advantageous once the sum of the CeF 3 and WS 2 contents exceeds 10% by volume, and advantageously 15% by volume.
- the lubricating properties of the first solid lubricant and of the lubricating phase depend on temperature, arrangements can be made to ensure that the temperature ranges over which these lubricating properties are optimized do not overlap.
- the lubricating properties of the Cr 7 S 8 phase are optimized at temperatures equal to or less than about 250° C.
- the lubricating properties of CeF 3 are optimized at temperatures equal to or greater than 250° C.
- the solid material made from the powder mixture presents satisfactory self-lubricating properties regardless of the temperature at which it is used.
- composition of the powder mixture of the invention and of the self-lubricating material obtained from such a mixture are well understood, there follows a description of an example of a mechanical part that can be made using said material, the description being given with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- variable-pitch vane 3 on a stator casing 5 of an airplane turbojet compressor.
- the stator vanes 3 are disposed radially at regular intervals inside the casing 5 . They are secured to the casing 5 by their roots 7 and they present a certain pitch angle that determines the direction air flows through the compressor.
- the vanes 3 are said to be of variable pitch since they can be pivoted about their roots 7 so as to vary the pitch angle.
- Openings 9 are formed through the casing 5 to receive the blade roots 7 , the openings 9 and the roots 7 being cylindrical in shape. To limit friction between each root 7 and the casing 5 , bushings 11 made of a self-lubricating solid material of the invention are disposed therebetween.
- bushings 11 per opening 9 , as shown in the figures. These bushings are mounted as a tight fit in the opening 9 so as to remain secured to the casing 5 even when it expands at high temperature.
- Each bushing 11 presents a flange 11 a that surrounds the opening 9 on the inside or outside face of the casing 5 .
- the bushings 11 seek to protect the casing 5 and the vane roots 7 since it is the bushings that are subjected to wear instead of the other components, and once the bushings 11 have become too worn, they are replaced.
- a ring 13 around the root 7 so that the bushing 11 rubs against the ring.
- the ring 13 is mounted as a tight fit around the root 7 and serves to protect the root.
- the friction forces involved in the above assemblies naturally depend on the pairs of materials involved.
- the blade roots 7 can be made of a metal alloy based on iron, nickel, or titanium, and the rings 13 , if any, can be made of a metal alloy based on iron, nickel, or cobalt.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0500287A FR2880564B1 (en) | 2005-01-12 | 2005-01-12 | "MIXTURE OF POWDERS SUITABLE FOR SINTING TO FORM A SOLUBLIFIER SOLID MATERIAL" |
FR0500287 | 2005-01-12 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20060150768A1 US20060150768A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
US7816307B2 true US7816307B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 |
Family
ID=34953449
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US11/329,034 Active 2028-09-07 US7816307B2 (en) | 2005-01-12 | 2006-01-11 | Powder mixture suitable for sintering to form a self-lubricating solid material |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7816307B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1681116B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100507062C (en) |
CA (1) | CA2532010C (en) |
DE (1) | DE602006002614D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2880564B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL173067A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2407608C2 (en) |
SG (1) | SG124368A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR20160106554A (en) * | 2013-10-25 | 2016-09-12 | 골든 인텔렉추얼 프로퍼티, 엘엘씨 | Amorphous alloy containing feedstock for powder injection molding |
WO2016010450A1 (en) * | 2014-07-16 | 2016-01-21 | Анатолий Георгиевич БАКАНОВ | Dual rotor wind power assembly (variants) |
CN105986147B (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2017-12-22 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | A kind of wide temperature range self-lubricating nickel-based composite and preparation method thereof |
CN106392063A (en) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-02-15 | 安徽恒均粉末冶金科技股份有限公司 | Power metallurgy preparation method for intake valve seats |
CN106623905A (en) * | 2016-11-16 | 2017-05-10 | 马鞍山市恒欣减压器制造有限公司 | Low-emission abrasion-resisting ferrum-based powder metallurgical self-lubricating compressed natural gas (CNG) engine valve retainer and manufacturing method thereof |
CN115246006B (en) * | 2022-08-12 | 2024-06-21 | 厦门市佳嘉达机械有限公司 | Bush for self-lubricating punch, preparation method of bush and self-lubricating punch |
Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1080017A (en) | 1952-12-03 | 1954-12-06 | Manufacturing process of high wear resistance collector brushes for dynamo-electric machines | |
US2964476A (en) | 1960-12-13 | Process for producing a metal-lubricant | ||
US3678145A (en) | 1969-12-23 | 1972-07-18 | Us Air Force | A method for preparing metal matrix composites containing modified polytetrafluoroethylene |
SU433231A1 (en) | 1972-08-22 | 1974-06-25 | SELF-LUBRICATED SINTERED MATERIAL BASED ON BRONZE | |
US3956146A (en) | 1973-07-20 | 1976-05-11 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology | Self-lubricating wear-resistant composite materials |
JPS58133346A (en) | 1982-01-30 | 1983-08-09 | Oiles Ind Co Ltd | High temperature sintered slide member and preparation thereof |
JPS58133347A (en) | 1982-01-30 | 1983-08-09 | Oiles Ind Co Ltd | High temperature sintered slide member and preparation thereof |
EP0769562A1 (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1997-04-23 | Nippon Steel Corporation | High-strength self-lubricating composite material for high-temperature use and process for producing the same |
US5808214A (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1998-09-15 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Powder-produced material having wear-resistance |
US6123748A (en) * | 1996-11-30 | 2000-09-26 | Federal Mogul Sintered Products Limited | Iron-based powder |
US6245718B1 (en) | 2000-05-01 | 2001-06-12 | Bearing Sliding Inc. | Composite material for antifriction workpieces |
-
2005
- 2005-01-12 FR FR0500287A patent/FR2880564B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-01-05 EP EP06290016A patent/EP1681116B1/en active Active
- 2006-01-05 DE DE602006002614T patent/DE602006002614D1/en active Active
- 2006-01-09 CA CA2532010A patent/CA2532010C/en active Active
- 2006-01-10 IL IL173067A patent/IL173067A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2006-01-11 US US11/329,034 patent/US7816307B2/en active Active
- 2006-01-12 SG SG200600304A patent/SG124368A1/en unknown
- 2006-01-12 RU RU2006101132/02A patent/RU2407608C2/en active
- 2006-01-12 CN CNB2006100051102A patent/CN100507062C/en active Active
Patent Citations (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2964476A (en) | 1960-12-13 | Process for producing a metal-lubricant | ||
FR1080017A (en) | 1952-12-03 | 1954-12-06 | Manufacturing process of high wear resistance collector brushes for dynamo-electric machines | |
US3678145A (en) | 1969-12-23 | 1972-07-18 | Us Air Force | A method for preparing metal matrix composites containing modified polytetrafluoroethylene |
SU433231A1 (en) | 1972-08-22 | 1974-06-25 | SELF-LUBRICATED SINTERED MATERIAL BASED ON BRONZE | |
US3956146A (en) | 1973-07-20 | 1976-05-11 | Agency Of Industrial Science & Technology | Self-lubricating wear-resistant composite materials |
JPS58133346A (en) | 1982-01-30 | 1983-08-09 | Oiles Ind Co Ltd | High temperature sintered slide member and preparation thereof |
JPS58133347A (en) | 1982-01-30 | 1983-08-09 | Oiles Ind Co Ltd | High temperature sintered slide member and preparation thereof |
EP0769562A1 (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1997-04-23 | Nippon Steel Corporation | High-strength self-lubricating composite material for high-temperature use and process for producing the same |
US5808214A (en) * | 1996-03-21 | 1998-09-15 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Powder-produced material having wear-resistance |
US6123748A (en) * | 1996-11-30 | 2000-09-26 | Federal Mogul Sintered Products Limited | Iron-based powder |
US6245718B1 (en) | 2000-05-01 | 2001-06-12 | Bearing Sliding Inc. | Composite material for antifriction workpieces |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20060150768A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
EP1681116A1 (en) | 2006-07-19 |
CA2532010A1 (en) | 2006-07-12 |
RU2407608C2 (en) | 2010-12-27 |
IL173067A (en) | 2011-12-29 |
CA2532010C (en) | 2014-11-25 |
RU2006101132A (en) | 2007-08-10 |
EP1681116B1 (en) | 2008-09-10 |
IL173067A0 (en) | 2006-06-11 |
DE602006002614D1 (en) | 2008-10-23 |
CN1814848A (en) | 2006-08-09 |
CN100507062C (en) | 2009-07-01 |
SG124368A1 (en) | 2006-08-30 |
FR2880564B1 (en) | 2008-07-25 |
FR2880564A1 (en) | 2006-07-14 |
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