US7725422B2 - Search engine - Google Patents
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- US7725422B2 US7725422B2 US10155914 US15591402A US7725422B2 US 7725422 B2 US7725422 B2 US 7725422B2 US 10155914 US10155914 US 10155914 US 15591402 A US15591402 A US 15591402A US 7725422 B2 US7725422 B2 US 7725422B2
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS OR METHODS, SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY OR FORECASTING PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY OR FORECASTING PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q30/00—Commerce, e.g. shopping or e-commerce
- G06Q30/06—Buying, selling or leasing transactions
- G06Q30/08—Auctions, matching or brokerage
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRICAL DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/30—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor ; File system structures therefor
- G06F17/3061—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor ; File system structures therefor of unstructured textual data
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRICAL DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/30—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor ; File system structures therefor
- G06F17/30861—Retrieval from the Internet, e.g. browsers
- G06F17/30864—Retrieval from the Internet, e.g. browsers by querying, e.g. search engines or meta-search engines, crawling techniques, push systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING; COUNTING
- G06Q—DATA PROCESSING SYSTEMS OR METHODS, SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY OR FORECASTING PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL, SUPERVISORY OR FORECASTING PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q40/00—Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxes
- G06Q40/04—Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S707/00—Data processing: database and file management or data structures
- Y10S707/99931—Database or file accessing
- Y10S707/99933—Query processing, i.e. searching
Abstract
Description
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/115,802 filed Jul. 15, 1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,421,675.
This application is related to U.S. Application Ser. No. 60/078,199 entitled “Improved Search Engine” that was filed on Mar. 16, 1998.
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus that allows for enhanced database searching, and more particularly, for use as an internet search engine.
An efficient and practical means of obtaining relevant information and also screening unwanted/uninteresting information has been an ongoing need, especially since the inception of the internet. This need is particularly acute at present due to the exponential growth in the number of world-wide web sites and the sheer volume of information contained therein. In an attempt to index the information available on the internet, a number of software search engines have been created via which a user enters a search command comprised of suitable keywords from a keyboard at his personal computer. The search command is transmitted to a server computer, that has a search engine associated with the server computer. The search engine receives the search command, and then using it scans for these key words through a database of web addresses and the text stored on the web sites. Thereafter, the results of the scan are transmitted from the server computer back to the user's computer and displayed on the screen of the user's computer.
In order for the search engine to be aware of new web sites and to update its records of existing sites, either the proprietors of the web sites notify the search engine themselves or the information may be obtained via a ‘web crawler’ to update the database at the server computer. A web crawler is an automated program which explores and records the contents of a web site and its links to other sites, thereby spreading between sites in an attempt to index all the current sites.
This database structure and method of searching it poses some significant difficulties. The internet growth-rate has resulted in a substantial backlog in the scanning of new sites, notwithstanding the fact that web sites are frequently deleted, re-addressed, updated and so forth, thus leaving the search engine with outdated and/or misleading information. Although the web crawlers can be configured to prioritize possible key-words according to their location (title, embedded link, address etc), nevertheless, depending on the type of search engine used, substantial portions of the web site text (often involving the majority or even all of the site text) is still required to be scanned. This results in colossal storage requirements for the search engine. Furthermore, a typical key word search may bring up an excessively large volume of material, the majority of which may be of little interest to the user. The user typically makes a selection from the list based on the brief descriptions of the site and explores the chosen sites until the desired information is located.
These results are in the form of a list, ranked according to criteria specific to the search engine. These criteria may range from the number of occurrences of the key-words anywhere within the searched text, to methods giving a weighting to key-words used in particular positions (as previously mentioned). When multiple key-words have been used, sites are also ranked according to the number of different key-words applicable. A fundamental drawback of all these ranking systems is their objectivity—they are determined according to the programmed criteria of the search engine, and the emphasis placed on particular types of site design, rather than any measure of the actual users' opinions. Indeed this can lead to the absurd situation whereby in an attempt to ensure a favorable rating by the most commonly used search engines, some designers deliberately configure their sites in the light of the previously mentioned criteria, to the detriment of the presentation, readability and content of the site.
It is an object of the present invention to ameliorate the aforementioned disadvantages of conventional search engines by harnessing the cerebral power of the human operator.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a novel search engine with enhanced efficiency, usability and effectiveness with a reduced system storage and/or computational requirements in comparison to existing software engines.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a variety of indications of the popularity of the search data, together with an indication of its date of creation or updating.
In order to obtain the above recited advantages of the present invention, among others, one embodiment of the present invention provides for a method of updating an internet search engine database with the results of a user's selection of specific web page listings from the general web page listing provided to the user as a result of his initial keyword search entry. By updating the database with the selections of many different users, the database can be updated to prioritize those web listings that have been selected the most with respect to a given keyword, and thereby presenting first the most popular web page listings in a subsequent search using the same keyword search entry.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a method of determining content to provide along with listings transmitted from a server computer to user sites is provided. In this embodiment, there is obtained a content listing from each one of a plurality of different developer sites. Each of the content listings includes content, a developer identifier, and a keyword, and a keyword selection factor. Thereafter, there is determined a particular keyword from the obtained keywords that is the same for different content listings. For that particular keyword, the keyword selection factor is used in determining when to transmit different content listings to the user sites.
In still another embodiment, there is provided a method of updating a keyword table with the results of a user's selection of specific keywords which were obtained from a list of related keywords presented to the user. By updating the database with selections of many different users associated with that same keyword, appropriate keywords can be provided and presented first when that same keyword is subsequently entered.
These and other advantages of the present invention may be appreciated from studying the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment together with the drawings in which:
The present invention is preferably implemented in a network environment wherein each computer contains, typically, a microprocessor, memory, and modem, and certain of the computers contain displays and the like, as are well known. As shown in
While the specific embodiments of the present invention are written for applications in which the invention is implemented as sequences of coded program instructions operated upon by a server computer 102 as illustrated, it will be understood that certain sequences of these program instructions could instead be implemented in other forms, such as processors having specific instructions specifically tailored for the applications described hereinafter.
As will be illustrated hereinafter, additional operations, transparent to the user, are implemented in order to obtain search results in the future based upon currently made searches. As shown, the present invention has various capabilities, each of which are illustrated in a parallel flow in
In order for web pages 12 to be selected by a user according to the present invention, there is a step 18 in which the type of search to be performed is selected. Thereafter, in step 20, search input obtained from one of a variety of sources is input and used along with the algorithm selected in step 18 to determine search results. The results of this search are then displayed to the user, as shown by steps of displaying a created list of web pages, displaying passively suggested web pages, and displaying actively suggested web pages, identified as steps 22, 24, and 26, respectively, in
In order for keyword suggestion to take place, which the user may or may not select, there is preferably an initial step 28 in which the type of keyword search algorithm to use is selected. Although many systems may have only one such algorithm, various ones, as described hereinafter, are possible. Once the keyword search algorithm is selected, step 30 follows in which, based upon a keyword entered by a user, the current set of keyword data is operated upon to determine associated keywords. The results of this operation are then displayed to the user in 30. This capability, and how it is implemented, will be described in more detail hereinafter.
The previously mentioned web page and keyword selection capabilities inured to the direct benefit of the end user. Another novel feature of the present invention, which indirectly inures to the benefit of the end user, directly benefits the advertiser, because it allows for content to be targeted in real time based upon various criteria. As will be described more fully hereinafter, a content providing algorithm is initially selected which will determine how content is selected in step 34. Step 36 follows, and based upon inputs from users and content providers, which content to show is determined. Thereafter, the advertisements are displayed for the user to see, simultaneously with the display of either keywords and/or web pages.
While
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- keyword 52—this is the word or phrase that the user enter to find a list of web pages
- profile types 54—these are the groups of people they associate them selves with e.g. US, male, doctor etc.
- user ID 56—this is a unique identification for each user that chooses to register with the search engine. This can be done via a cookie or logon.
- search type 58—this can be actively chosen by the searcher to determine the type of search results they would like (popular, new, etc)
- date-time 60—this is passively recorded when a searcher uses the system
- IP address 62—this is passively recorded when a searcher uses the system
- other 64—this includes other personalization information such as search customization preferences, keywords for web page suggestion etc. This information is entered actively once by the user then used to personalize the search results each time the users (identified by user ID) uses the search engine.
Data from web-page developers include:
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- URL 66—this is the URL address of the web page or pages that they wish to submit
- description 68—this is a 2-3 line description of the information on their web-page
- keywords 70—these are the keywords that the web page developer would like to associate their web-page with
- target audience 72—these are the target audience (profile types 54) that the web page developer particularly want to target.
- date-time 74—this is passively recorded when every a web-page developer submits a web page
Data from content providers include:
-
- bids 76—these are $ bids for content as described later.
- content details 78—this includes all details of content providers including address, content details etc.
Results from other search engines 80—these are the results for a keyword search from other existing search engines.
Outputs of the search engine 10 are:
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- lists of web pages 90—depending on the input data a list of web pages can be produced in web page determination step 82, described further hereinafter;
- content keywords 92—the search engine suggests other keywords for users to try produced in key word determination step 84, described further hereinafter; and
- content 94—the search engine sends out selected content as produced in determine content step 86, described further hereinafter
To facilitate ease of reference and aid understanding, the aforementioned and subsequently mentioned data-set definitions are reiterated and expanded upon below (and where appropriate, the structure of the dependant data-sets used to create the defined data-set are shown in tabular form) with reference to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Thereafter, certain of these will be explained in even greater detail to fully teach how to make and use the present invention.
Locations: a plurality of unique information entities.
Web-pages: Locations in the form of Web-pages URL (Universal Reference Locator) addresses.
Key-word: The word or phrase that is entered in the search engine
Hit-list: The list of web-pages (URL addresses) that is the result of the key-word search. This hit-list ranks the relevance of the web-pages relative to the key-word. This hit-list always has a key-word associated with it.
Input data set
Output data set
Key-word (temporary)
Hit-list - Ranked hit-list of Web-pages
Database to match the key-word
(temporary)
with (permanent)
Permanent data set: Retained long term (although it changes over time)
Temporary data set: Created only for the duration of the search
Surfer trace: This is a measure of how users search. It is a trace of the key words they search for, the URLs subsequently selected and how long they spend there, from which a ranking of web-pages for a users (surfers) can be calculated. It is a measure of which web-pages they found most useful after the key-word search. The combination of all surfer traces is used to create a users' choice hit-list.
Input data set
Output data set
Key-word (temporary)
Surfer trace - A list of user web-pages
User selections from initial
users found useful for each key-word
search results (temporary),
(can be permanent or temporary)
i.e. Web pages visited (URLs)
Times spent a each URL
IP address of user
Users' choice hit-list: This a semi-permanent ranking of web-pages associated with every key-word and indicates how useful Internet users found each of the web-pages associated with the key-word. The users' choice hit-list is incrementally updated by a new surfer trace.
Input data set
Output data set
Surfer trace (can be permanent or
New Users' choice hit - list-Ranked
temporary)
hit-list of “popular” Web-pages
Users' choice hit-list (permanent)*
(permanent)
*The initial users' choice hit-list will be the surfer trace.
New web-page list: This is a list of new web-pages that is created by ULR submissions from web-page developers. When a web developer updates a web-page, they can submit the web-page address, brief information about the page and a list of key-words that the developer decides are relevant. The web-page is then placed on the top of each of the key-word new web-page lists.
Input data set
Output data set
All web-page developers information
New web-page list (permanent)
about web address and key-words
Content Provider's list: This is a list (associated with each key-word) of content providers which must typically pay to illustrate content with the key-word. The price paid is dependent on the number of other content providers, the amount they spend and the number of times the key word is searched for.
Input data set
Output data set
Key-word
Content Providers list - a list of
Content Provider's bids for content
content associated with each key-
spots
word (permanent)
High-flyers hit-list: This a list of web-pages (associated with every key-word) that are increasing in popularity at the highest rate. It is an indication of how rapidly web-pages are rising up the users' choice hit-list and it is used as a means to ensure that new emerging web-pages rise to the top of the users' choice hit-list.
Input data set
Output data set
Old Users' choice hit-list -
High-flyers hit-list: A ranked list of
(temporary)
web-pages that are rising in popularity
New Users' choice hit-list -
the fastest
(permanent)
Personal hit-list: This a list of web-pages the individual user has found most useful for each key-word search they have done in the past. It is like an automatic book-marking data set for each individual user.
Input data set
Output data set
Key-word
Personal hit-list: A ranked list of
Individual surfer trace - (permanent)
web-pages that an individual has
found useful in the past
Collective Search hit-lists: This can be a combination of any of the above hit-lists. There are many different ways that these hit-lists can be combined.
Input data set
Output data set
Crawler hit-list (temporary)
Collective Search hit-lists - (Default)
Users' choice hit-list (permanent)
Ranked hit-list of Web-pages
Advertisers' list (permanent)
displayed to the user after the key-
New web-page list (permanent)
word search. It can be a combination
High-flyers list (permanent)
of any of the hit-lists above
Personal hit-list (permanent)
(temporary)
Crawler key-word list: This is a list of key-word suggestions that the user may find useful. This is found by matching the key-word entered by the user to the database of key-words and phrases that other users have tried. This is the equivalent of the crawler hit-list, though it is a ranking of key-words rather than Web-pages. The method for doing this uses a similar algorithm to a spell-checker only it does it for phrases. It also suggest Key-words, based on previous URL selections from sequences of user key-words.
Input data set
Output data set
Key-word (temporary)
Ranked hit-list of other key-words the
Database of all key-words used
user may want to try (temporary)
(permanent)
Surfer key-word list: This is a data set comprised a list of key-words that the individual user found useful after the key-word was selected. This is found by tracking which key-words the user decided to use. This is equivalent to the surfer trace.
Input data set
Output data set
Key-word (temporary)
Ranked list of other key-words
Data about what key words were used
(associated with the key-word) that
from the key-word suggester
this individual user found useful
(semi-permanent)
key-word suggester: This is a data set consisting of a permanent ranking of other key-words that users have found useful, compiled from successive surfer key-word lists and is linked to each key-word (this is equivalent of the users' choice hit-list).
Input data set Output data set Surfer key-word list (temp or New users' choice key-word list permanent) (permanent) Existing users' choice hit list (permanent)
User Based Search Algorithm
The discussion provides the language necessary to more fully describe the present invention. As illustrated in
Although it is preferred to use all of these different data types in the surfer trace data, use of different combinations of this data is fully within the intended scope of the present invention. The description 134 will typically only be included in the preferred embodiment of the invention when a new site is added to the data set 114 of the search engine 10, and the description used will be that description that appears on the original list of web pages. The date-time data 132 may only indicate that a site was selected, rather than record the period of time a user was at a particular site, as explained further hereinafter. This process is invisible to the user who, upon selecting the web-page from the list of web pages is taken directly to the corresponding URL, step 122. Details of the implementation of steps 114, 118 and 120 will be described in more detail hereinafter.
After the initial selection the user may choose to access another of the web-page URL search results. Depending on the relevance of the site, the user may spend time reading, downloading, exploring further pages, embedded links and so forth, or if the site appears irrelevant/uninteresting, the user may return directly back to the search results after a short period. The time difference between the two selections is recorded as the difference between two date/time data 132 from subsequent selections from the list of web page searches (in this embodiment, one can only measure the time spent at one web page if another selection is made after visiting that web page—this then provides another surfer trace 132 which allow a time difference to be calculated). This surfer trace data on the popularity of web pages is used to rank the subsequent searches, as described further hereinafter.
Thus, according to the present invention, it is the human users' powers of reasoning and analysis that is being used to establish the relevance of the different results to the subject matter of the search. The present invention utilizes the cumulative processing and reasoning of all the human users' to provide a vastly more effective means of obtaining the required information sources than is presently possible with the type of method described above.
As described above, human brain power is captured by recording which web pages the user goes to after each keyword search. According to the present invention, collecting the surfer trace data is achieved by sending, in the list of web pages generated by the search to the user, hidden links that will automatically send information back to the search engine (or a subsidiary server). While the user only sees that his intended link is displayed, the hidden link notifies the search engine of the transfer, which process can be executed with a Java applet. Thus, when the Internet user selects a web-page it takes the user to that address but also sends off the surfer trace data to the search engine 10, which notes what has been selected. When the user returns to the list of web pages and selects another web page listing, another Java applet is then executed which creates another surfer trace. The difference between the data time data in this surfer trace from two sequential selections captures the time period that the user has been at the previous web site. This occurs without the user knowing this data is being sent.
In another embodiment, rather than using multiple Java applets to collect a complete list of surfer trace data, there is no description data 134, and the date-time data 132 indicates that a user visited a particular web site. In one specific embodiment, the user must visit a particular web site for greater than a predetermined period of time, such as one minute or fifteen minutes, depending on what is an appropriate time to have looked at the site for the visit to the site to count and for any surfer trace data to be sent back to the search engine 10, as well be described hereinafter. In this embodiment, each applet contains all of the information necessary to update the database at the search engine. Another embodiment collects the surfer trace data prior to a user navigating to the intended web site. Other ways of obtaining this surfer trace data are possible and are within the intended scope of the present invention.
Thus, the search results page according to the present invention is therefore differently formatted from conventional search engines' results pages. The difference is in action rather than content. Visually, the page looks the same to the user as standard search results from other search engines.
An example illustrates this point: In a conventional search, the results page for a search of the keyword “Weather” may read: 1. www.weather.com Today's weather forecast. Today is expected to be fine and sunny everywhere.
The HTTP link associated with the “www.weather.com” label is “http://www.weather.com”. This means that if the user selects this link, they will navigate to this page directly
In contrast, according to the present invention, the tagged result page for the search made suing the keyword “Weather” may read
1. www.weather.com Today's weather forecast. Today is expected to be fine and sunny everywhere.
The HTTP link associated with the “www.weather.com” label is “link.asp?n=1.” If the user selects this link, therefore, in a process is invisible to the user, the user is first directed to the link.asp page on the site corresponding to the web server using the search engine 10 according to the present invention, and pass parameter n with value 1.
Server side code (application code that runs on the web server) uses this parameter to identify the URL and description of the user's chosen site. This information is then stored in a database Table along with other surfer trace data. The server side code then executes a redirect operation to the user's required URL. The user then sees their required page appear.
The source of search results is independent to this activity. The destination page of the user is independent of this activity. The process is one of recording a user, keyword and destination into a database. This method of tracking can only record the initial web-page visited after a keyword search. If the user continues to return to the search results list then subsequent web-page visits can be recorded.
The surfer trace data that is sent back to the data sets 114 of the search engine 10 as a result of the user selecting the web-page can be encrypted to prevent fraudulent users from sending fake data to the search engine.
Another method of tracking where a user may connect to from an initial URL selection (if they do not return to the search result page) is to run the selected web-pages as part of a ‘frame’ located at the search engine web-site. This permits a complete record of the web pages visited to be recorded after a keyword is entered. However, this imposes an additional level of complexity to the system with a possible decrease in system response time.
As previously mentioned, the surfer trace data that can be collected includes keyword 124, URL 126, user ID 128, IP address 130, date-time 132, brief web page description 134, and is identified as such since it provides a trace or record of how searchers (surfers) use the search engine. This data is used to improve future searches building on the preferences of previous searchers. The surfer trace is thus a measure of the preferred choices of an individual user or web ‘surfers’ from the initial search results for a particular set of key-words.
How the Data Sets are Created that Determine the List of Web Pages
The structure of the aforementioned data sets are described in more detail hereinafter. The descriptions that follow show the data arranged in a spreadsheet fashion, with multiple values per cell and many blank cells. Illustration in this manner is convenient for explaining the present invention, but is not an efficient storage and retrieval method. As will be apparent to those skilled in the art, a relational database model would be used to implement the data storage according to the present invention such that there may be multiple fields or Tables involved to store the data and each field will store only one value.
Keyword Table (164)
The contents of keyword data table 164 of
TABLE 1
List of information requests and the
number of times it is requests
Cumulative number of times the
Unique number for each
Key-word
key-word is requested (W)
key-word
Key-word 1
W1, W2, W3 etc
Key-word 2
Key-word 3
Key-word 4
Key-word 5
Key-word 6
Key-word 7
The cumulative number of times a keyword is requested may be segregated according to the different “users profiles” selected (W1, W2, W3, . . . ), e.g. W1=total searches, W2=male profile, W3=Female profile, W4=USA profile and so forth. It should be noted that the sum of W's will be greater that the total number of times a site has been visited because the user may fall into more than one profile category e.g. a male-(W2) from the USA (W3). This would become a list of not only the number of user searchers using that key-word but also a list of the type of user (according to the profile type selected) searching for that keyword. Keywords that mean the same thing in different languages are different keywords, as long as the spelling is different, although they could be related using the keyword suggester, as described hereinafter.
Web-Page Table (188)
The contents of web-page table 188 of
TABLE 2 List of information suppliers and a description of the web-page Unique number Frequency the 2-3 line for each URL (web page) Address description URL address is visited URL address 1 URL address 2 URL address 3 URL address 4 URL address 5 URL address 6 URL address 7 . . .
Keyword URL Link Table (172)
The contents of keyword URL link table 172 of
This data is recorded in further data sets which describes the relationship between the key-words and occurrences as defined by the following three parameters.
-
- the cumulative number of significant visits (hits) to each URL addresses corresponding to each key-word (herein referred to as X or weighting factor X). This is a measure of the popularity of the URL for each keyword and is determine from the surfer traces.
- the previous cumulative number of significant visits measured at an earlier predetermined instant; (herein referred to as Y or weighting factor Y)
- a date time factor relating to the instant of the creation or input of each said web-page (herein referred to as Z or weighting factor Z). Z is the data time in which a web-page developer submitted a web-page to the search engine.
Not all combinations of key-words and URL addresses will have data for X, Y and Z.
TABLE 3 Links between information suppliers (web-pages) and information requests (key-words) Key-word Key-word Key-word Key-word Key-word URL address X, Y, Z 1 URL address X, Y, Z 2 URL address X, Y, Z 3 URL address X, Y, Z 4 URL address X, Y, Z X, Y, Z 5 URL address 6 URL address 7
Profile Type S with the Keyword URL Link Table
The popularity of web pages will be different for different groups of people. The inclusion of multiple profile type s will produce multiple values of X Y and Z in Table 3, e.g. one may have a Global and New Zealand popularity rating denoted by X1 X2 Y1 Y2 etc.
Keyword “sports”
URL address relating to Rugby
X1 = 520, X2 = 52
URL address relating to Basketball
X1 = 4000 X2 = 20
In this example the global popularity (using the general profile type) for the Rugby and Basketball URL addresses are 520 and 4000 respectively and 52 and 20 respectively for the New Zealand profile type.
When the general profile type setting is used (ranked based on X1), the Basketball site would be ranked at the top. When the New Zealand setting is chosen (ranked based on X2) the rugby site would be highest. This would be a reflection of the preferences of the New Zealanders. This is a very simple method of storing the preference of different groups of people.
One would expect New Zealand-based rugby web-sites to rate higher than an overseas site on the New Zealand list, but there is no reason that this has to be the case. Someone in Spain may have the best Rugby site in the world. The system evaluates web-pages only on the perceived quality of information by the users—the physical location of the site is immaterial.
There could be a vast range of X values representing different countries, occupations, sex, age and so forth, enabling. the popularity of different groups to be captured very simply. Users could choose to combine any of the X values according to their personal interests/characteristics.
As an example, if say,
-
- X1 is for males
- X2 is for females
- X3 is for New Zealanders
- X4 is for USA
- X5 is for engineers
- X6 is for lawyers . . .
A “male” and a “New Zealander” would using the search engine increment both X3 and X1. This facility would increase the data requirement of the system but it could vastly improve the search results for different users. The total popularity of the web-page needs to be stored as a separate number as users may contribute to more than one of the groups of people. The sum of all of the individual popularity's would be greater than the total popularity because user can belong to more than one profile type.
To simplify the system for the user there would be a default profile type (selection of X's) with an option is to use other profile type s to do specific searches. For example, a user may have a default profile type of a New Zealand male, but if a technical search is required a “global engineers” profile type may be chosen that reflects the cumulative search knowledge of engineers around the world.
The extent of personalization could be dependent on the frequency of searching. For example, common keywords such as “news” would have a high degree of personalization (a large range of X values) and less common key-word such as “English stamps” would have little or no personalization (only a global X value). The degree of personalization could be a function of the frequency that the key-word is used (found from Table 1).
Cumulative Surfer Trace Table (170)
The contents of cumulative surfer trace table 170 of
The information collected from each individual surfer trace is a series of inputs previously described, and shown below in Table form
TABLE 4
Each row is one surfer trace and the combined rows
are the cumulative surfer trace
IP Number
User ID
Keyword
URL (webpage)
Date-time
The way the surfer trace data is processed to update Table 3 is described further hereinafter.
Profile ID Table (166)
The contents of profile ID table 166 of
TABLE 5
User identification Table
User
Default
Other
identification
password
email
profile
information
Joe Bloggs
dogs
jbloggs@AOL
US, Male
The users default profile type is stored as the part of the user's personal preferences profile, which would accessed by entering some form of personal identification to the system. This information could be supplied when logging on to the data search engine or the search engine could leave a “cookie”, as that term is known in the art, on the computer to identify a user, (there would be an optional e-mail address and password (or similar) associated with the logon procedure). The IP address itself would not be a sufficient means of identification as it is not necessarily unique to the individual users.
The other information can include user defined preferences for how the search results are combined and keywords that are of particular interest to the user. This information can be used to actively customize the search results and suggestions of web pages to visit.
Personal Link Table (174)
The contents of personal link table 174 of
TABLE 6
Links between information suppliers (web-pages) and
information requests (key-words) for an individual user
Key-word
Key-word
Key-word
Key-word
Key-word
URL address
x, y, z
1
URL address
x, y, z
2
URL address
x, y, z
3
URL address
x, y, z
4
URL address
x, y, z
x, y, z
5
URL address
6
URL address
7
The data in Table 6 is only accessed by the individual that created it, and accessible using a user ID that is preferably independent of changes in the user's e-mail or IP address changes and would thus enable their past personal preferences to be retained during such changes.
This Table 6 data set could be stored either at the search engine site or on an individual's computer. Storing on local PC's would require additional software to be installed on the users computer. There are numerous advantages to storing the information at the search engine including the fact that users are likely to go there more often and unlikely to change search engines once they have a substantial book mark list.
Security Table (168)
The contents of security table 168 of
TABLE 7
Security Table to ensure one computer user does not submit
keywords to artificially boost the popularity of a web-page
Key-word 1
Key-word 2
Key-word 3
Key-word 4
IP address 1
1
IP address 2
1
IP address 3
IP address 4
1
IP address 5
1
Described hereinafter are the processes that are used by the present invention to populate each of the
Populating the Keyword Table 164
This table is populated every time a user enters a keyword 52 to the search engine. A submitted keyword is compared to the keyword list in Table 1 (keyword table 164) and added if it is not already present. If it is present, the cumulative number is increased by one. If the user has a profile type then the cumulative number for the keyword for each type of profile will also be incremented (W1, W2 W3 etc).
Populating the Web-Page Data Table (URL Table) 188
This table is populated in a number of ways, including:
-
- user selecting a URL address 126 that is not already in Table 2 (URL table 188). The URL address 126 and description 134 are put directly into the web-page data table 188. The new URL is assigned a unique identification number.
- in Step 176, as shown in
FIG. 4 , web-page developers can submit a URL 187 and description 68 which also goes directly into the web-page data table 188, - web crawlers may also add URL addresses and descriptions (the description is either the first few lines of the web-page or in the HTML coded “title”). This is not an essential element of the system but it could be a method to obtain URL's and descriptions. With this search system web crawlers are more likely to be used to verify the information rather than find new information.
Populating the Cumulative Surfer Trace Table 170
The cumulative surfer trace table 170, also referred to above as Table 4, is populated each time a “tagged” web-page is selected by a user. This sends a packet of surfer trace information, such that the surfer trace data is added to the table each time the user selects another web page from a web page list.
Populating the Keyword URL Link Table 172
The data from the cumulative surfer trace 170 is used to update the popularity of web pages as recorded in Table 3 (X,Y), also referred to as the keyword URL link table 172. The frequency of updating Table 3 with the data from the cumulative surfer trace (170) to obtain new values of X and Y is a variable that can be changed, from ranges that are shorter than every hour to longer than every month. It should be noted that different keywords can be updated at different intervals of time.
An intermediary step in processing the cumulative surfer trace is to form a cumulative surfer hit table. This is subsequently used to modify the values of and X,Y in Table 3
As mentioned above, the simplest method of recording a link (“useful visit” or “hit”) between a keyword and a URL would be to count each keyword, URL paring in a surfer trace as a “hit”. A more meaningful and sophisticated method is only to count a location selection as a valid if the user meets certain criteria. This criterion could be the user exceeding a specified time at a location. If this criterion was not met, the selection would not be increase the cumulative value of X in Table 3.
It is also possible to increment the value of X based on the time spent at the web page. The longer the time spent the more this increments the value of X. X does not have to be a whole number.
Due to the variations in web-site capabilities in terms of log-on times, down loading times, bandwidth, and response times, the predetermined time used to denote a valid ‘hit’ may be suitably altered. Specialist web crawlers may be employed to independently validate such data.
The selection of a content provider's banner after a keyword search counts as a hit for their web-page (increment the value of X). This will enable their web pages to possibly go up the popularity list associated with the keyword. This acts as a mechanism to enable a web-page developer to pay to be seen with a keyword. They can not pay to go up the popularity list—this will only occur if people visit their site and spend time there and record a valid hit for the popular list. The values of a content hit can vary (e.g. if could be 1 or 0.5 or 7) depending on the emphasis one wants to place how much that content affects the popularity ranking.
This cumulative surfer trace information can be processed in a large number of ways to populate Table 8 (below). Grouping the cumulative surfer trace according to the IP addresses or user ID produces the search pattern for an individual users. This is a list of key-words and URLs and times. This allow the time spent at each web-page to be calculated for each user (it is not possible to calculated the time spent at the last web pages of a search session as there is no time record after they go to that web page)
-
- If the time between each visit is longer than a certain time period, one is added to the cumulative surfer hit (α) table for key-word URL. (this is the simplest method, methods in which relevancy is proportional to the time spent at the site, for example, are also properly within the scope of the present invention.)
TABLE 8
cumulative surfer hit table created from
accumulated surfer traces
Key-word
Key-word
Key-word
Key-word
URL address 1
URL address 2
α
α
URL address 3
α
α
URL address 4
α
URL address 5
URL address 6
α
URL address 7
α
The cumulative surfer hit is used to update the value X in Table 3 in the following way
X (new)=(X (old) ·HF)+α.
HF is the history factor which is a number between 0 and 1. The history factor does not have to be the same for every key-word and could be varied depending on the rate at which the keyword is used.
The data collected for Table 8 is used to recalculate the values of X in Table 3 after a predetermined time period. The frequency of updating Table 3 will influence the value of the History factor (HF) chosen. The reason for multiplying the existing X by a “history factor” is so that the perceived popularity does not last indefinitely. The history factor reduces the weighting attached to the past popularity. To illustrate by way of an example, the key-word “sports news” may have an existing popularity with the following ranking (based on the number of hits per web-page, X)
1 Winter Olympics web-page
X = 19000
2 Soccer results web-page
X = 18000
3 Baseball results web-page
X = 15000
4 Golf news web-page
X = 15000
The cumulative surfer hit Table for a week may be:
1. Winter Olympics web-page
α = 500
2. Soccer results web-page
α = 1800
3. Baseball results web-page
α = 1500
4. Golf news web-page
α = 4600
The reason for the change in the number of hits reflects the fact that the winter Olympics has finished and the Master golf tournament has started. If one has a “history factor” of 0.9 then the new popularity (X) will be:
1 Golf news web-page
18100 (0.9 × 15000 + 4600)
2 Soccer results web-page
18000 (0.9 × 18000 + 1800)
3 Winter Olympics web-page
17600 (0.9 × 19000 + 500)
4 Baseball results web-page
15000 (0.9 × 15000 + 1500)
Thus, the more popular web-pages can emerge and the less popular decline, reflecting the fluctuation of interest over time in different subjects and events.
The database is therefore utilizing the human mind to provide a powerful indication of what people find useful on the Internet. The users themselves replace a substantial computation requirement that would otherwise be required to filter through such searches.
The value of Y in Table 3 is the old value of X, and the value of Y will be updated at intervals that are deemed appropriate, which interval could be minutes, hours, days, weeks or longer. The update interval does not need to be the same for all different keywords, as previously mentioned. This is used to calculate the rate of change of popularity of web pages and can be used as a selection criteria.
Different Profile Type s in the Web-Page/URL Link Table
The cumulative surfer trace includes information on users profiles so Table 8 can be calculated with subscripted values of a for different profile types. These values of α13 α2 α3 etc would correspond to the profile types for the subscripted values of X. This allows the popularity of different groups of people to be recorded.
New Web-Page Data Input to the Web-Page/URL Link Table 172
The simplest method of having new pages recorded by the search engines is for web-page developers to submit information, shown as action 176 in
This information directly updates Tables 2 (URL table 188 of
TABLE 9
Data Table created from submission by web developers
Key-word
Key-word
Key-word
Key-word
Key-word
Key-word
URL address
27/02/98
27/02/98
URL address
28/02/98
28/02/98
28/02/98
URL address
URL address
18/02/98
18/02/98
18/02/98
URL address
URL address
28/02/98
URL address
29/02/98
If there is no date for the combination of the URL and keyword in Table 3, then the new date is automatically inserted. If a date already exists in the Table, then the dates are compared and if the dates are too close, i.e. less than a pre-determined period, then the old date remains and the new date is ignored. This stops people from constantly resubmitting to get on the top of the new web page list by resubmitting their web pages. If the URL in Table 3 has other keywords with values of Z closer than the pre-determined period then the submission is also not allowed. This stops web-page developers from resubmitting their web pages with different sets of keywords.
When users submit a URL they could target it at specific types of users (different profile type s Z1, Z2, Z3 etc) as per Table 3. For example, an URL submission specifically targeted at New Zealanders (e.g. Z1) will appear at the top of keyword new list when New Zealanders search for that keyword. It will remain at the top until someone else submits a URL for that keyword targeted at New Zealanders. URL's that are targeted at other audiences will not appear as new sites for New Zealanders or alternatively they will not feature as high in the new list as the ones specifically targeted at New Zealanders.
The data on new web pages does not necessarily have to be entered by web-page developers. It could be automated by having a web document template that automatically submits data to the search engine whenever the information on the web-page has been significantly changed. It would prompt the web-page developer to change any key-words as appropriate.
Another embodiment requires sending specialist crawlers out to find web site addresses and key-words, though this has many of the drawbacks of existing web-crawlers. It could only be effective if web designers deliberately configured their page with the key-words identified. Any web site designer/proprietor willing to do this would also presumably be willing to submit any updates to the search engine to benefit from the instantaneous listing on the search results.
An extension of this principle is to auto-detect if a web address possessed key-word information in the database and then automatically send an invitation to provide the information to enable their web-page to be found easily. The ideal number of key-words to be submitted with each web-page is preferably less than 50 and probably preferable within the range of about 5 and 20. This also advantageously forces web-site designers to find the most appropriate keywords to describe their site and also enable them to choose the audience they wish to target.
The web-page submission process may also include web-page developer identification process that restricts the ability of people to use the system fraudulently. This may include a payment to prevent multiple web-page submissions.
Populating the Profile ID Table 166
ID table 166 of
-
- Gender (Male or Female)
- Occupation (Professional, student etc)
- Age category etc
The user selects different profile types from the options they are prompted if they wish to save this as their default profile type. This is then recorded in Table 5 (profile ID's table 166). The user may also select personalization options from a specific personalization options page rather than a drop down menu on the search page.
Populating the Personal Link Table 174
The cumulative surfer trace is used to identify the search patterns of individual users based of sorting by User ID 126. This information is used to update the personal link table 174 in the same way that the cumulative surfer trace 170 is used to update Table 3 (keyword URL link table 172). This table stores users past preferences as a form of automatic book marking.
Populating the Security Table 168
Each time a user enters a keyword 52 into the search engine it updates the security table 168 (Table 7) by making a link between the keyword 52 and the IP address 62 (or making a link between the keyword 52 and the User ID 56). The data in Table 7 is cleared periodically as the purpose is to stop systematic repeat searching from affecting the popularity lists (value of X in Table 3) rather than stopping individuals who occasionally perform the a repeat keyword search from affecting the popularity list.
Determining the List of Web Pages
The numbers (X, Y and Z) in Table 3, which correspond to keyword URL link table 172 in
-
- Popular-list search ranked hit-list of the most popular URLs for that keyword based on the number X
- Hot off the press search ranked hit-list of newest URLs for the keyword based on the date/time (Z)
- High-flyers search ranked hit-list of best emerging URLs based the difference between X and Y
- Random search hit-list that is a random sample of URLs that have any of the numbers X, Y or Z
- Date created search this is hit-list based on the date time Z and the user-specified date of interest (not just the newest)
The personal links table 174 also allows past preferences to be listed as search results
-
- Previous favorites search is a ranked hit-list base on the previous popularity for the individual (X from Table 6). This search is based only on the previous searching of the individual user. This allows the users to very quickly find site that they have previously visited.
A number of other search options are also available.
-
- Conventional search is the list of search results from a normal search engine (116
FIG. 3 ) - Other content only search. This is a list of other content, such as advertisements, associated with the key-word.
- Conventional search is the list of search results from a normal search engine (116
These search results can be combined in a number of different ways
-
- Collective search ranked hit-list that is a collection of any of the search hit-lists described above (this is the default set of search results)
- Customized search ranked hit-list that can be a user defined combination of any of the above lists.
How the Different Types of Search Lists are Implemented
More details on how each of these types of searches is implemented is provided below along with some of the advantage and disadvantages of each. The system relies on the brain power of the user, this time to determine what sort of search they want to do which will depend on what they want to find. The search methods are described easily so users should intuitively know which one to use.
Popular Search.
The user will also be able to see exactly when each web-page was submitted so Internet users can be aware of its currency. An indirect consequence of this feature is the incentive for web designers to update their sites. The prominence given to new and updated sites provides a means of becoming established on the popular hit-list and encourages the use of appropriate key-words and rewards the up keeping of web pages that users find useful.
High-Flyers Search.
The high-flyer list is calculated by comparing the old popular ranking (Y) and the new popular ranking (X) from Table 3. From this the percentage increase in hits is calculated. An alternative method would be to rank the rate of change of popularity by the number of places they rose compared to last time.
The formula of calculating the rate of change of popularity for this embodiment is given by:
((X−Y)/Y)·(X/(Xmβ))
where Xm is the maximum value of X for the corresponding key-words and β is an additional variable that can be changed to alter the relative significance of changes at the top and bottom of the popularity list.
The reason for multiplying by the maximum value of X is to ensure that small changes at the lower popularity levels do not swamp more significant changes higher up the table. For example, a web site having previously recorded only one selection and then attracting 5 hits the next day would exhibit percentage increase of 500% whilst another web-page may have experienced an increase from 520 hits to 4000 hits (a much more significant increase) though this would otherwise appear as a lower percentage increase.
Random Search.
This is a random selection of less-popular web-pages for the user that want to look at web-pages off the beaten track, based upon a random selection of web pages that has any value of X, Y, and Z associated with a keyword that is entered. Accordingly, after a user enters a keyword in step 352 as indicated in
Conventional Search.
This is the normal search method of a conventional search engine, referenced as other search engine 116 in
Content Only Search.
This is a list of content, such as advertisements, associated with the key-word, which the user cannot control. The ones that have paid the most will be at the top of the list, as described further hereinafter, in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the invention. Of course, other systems for identifying the order of paying content providers can also me implemented.
Previous Favorites Search.
Thus, when the user types in a keyword at step 372 as indicated in
Due to this search capability there is, therefore, no need to manually bookmark web pages. If a user forgot to book-mark a good site on, for example, ‘marbles’, they can easily find it by retyping the keyword that lead them to that site. If a user's preferences change they will be reflected in the personal links table 174.
Another embodiment of the personal preference search includes specifying the date the web page was last visited, with or without using a keyword. The web pages are then ranked based on Z in personal links table 174 of
This automatic book-marking feature can also act as a device for monitoring the type of Internet use being undertaken by a particular computer and thus for example, can provide warning to parents/employers of children/employees accessing undesirable sites, such as adult web-pages. In a preferred embodiment, for parents/employers unlikely to use the computer themselves, notification of such usage is automatically provided by letter to the parent/employer that lists the keywords selected and web pages visited by the children/employees. This information is found directly from each user table 174 of
Collective Search
The collective search, as illustrated in
Upon entry of a keyword in step 402, that keyword is used to select from a combination of web page selections associated with that keyword. As shown, for example, in step 404, an equally weighted combination of conventional, popular, highflier, new and past search results is used to obtain a list of web page numbers. Thereafter, in step 406 the list of web-page numbers found from step 404 is combined with the URL address and web-page description from Table 2 (188
Date Created Search.
Customized Search
Magazine Search.
The magazine search according to the present invention enables users to search by following a series of menu-driven subject choices (or similar hierarchical structure), rather than entering a specific key-word(s).
Existing magazine-style search engines require editors to set the structure of information, decide on its relevant merits and set the criteria, such as price, for space on a given page transmitted to the user/viewer. Using the search system of the present invention, the users' themselves dynamically decide what is and is not worth seeing. Thus, although editorial input is needed regarding a hierarchy of subjects, the web-pages that emerge as the most popular for each of these subjects will evolve automatically.
Use of Data Sets for Different Groups of People
Different popular hit-lists may be employed to provide results which would reflect different cultural, geographical, professional, gender or age interests. Thus, as shown in
Thus, for a particular user with the profile type New Zealand selected as a geographical factor, a search for team field sports and related key-words, rugby material might figure prominently, whereas an American profile type may produce a bias towards baseball/American football material, for example. This technique offers the ability to discriminate between the different meanings of the same words, according to the context of the popular hit-list associated with a particular profile type. A general search using a key-word ‘accommodation’ for example would include results related to housing, renting and similar, whereas if the user indicated an interest in optometry in their profile type, then the term ‘accommodation’ would be interpreted quite differently.
The relevance of such sites will evolve automatically, without any active evaluation of the sites by the search engine operator or the user. There are no complex algorithms required to analyze the relevance of web-sites for particular types of users. Instead, the type of site deemed relevant will be decided by those users selecting those characteristics for their profile type, i.e. American females interested in rock-climbing. Sites of greater relevance will naturally attract more hits, increasing their ranking and thus increasing the chance of a subsequent user also investigating the site. In the above example, any web sites listed for the keyword ‘accommodation’ which were unrelated to optometry, sight, lens, vision, etc., would not be accessed for the period of time required to make a valid hit. It would therefore receive a very low ranking and hence be even less likely to be accessed by further users.
The user can select different profile types for different searches during a single session and is not be restricted to the default profile types.
In a further embodiment of the invention, there can be included a level of authentication for person's of a certain group to have their search results actually be used for purpose of updating the database relating to that group. For example, doctors who have a user ID that identifies them as doctors may perform a search related to a certain medical condition, and their selections can be tagged and used in the database for that group of doctors as has been previously described. However, although patient's may desire to identify their profile with that of the same group of doctors, their selections are not as significant as those of the actual doctors, and thus while they are able to view the web page listings that doctors deem most pertinent, their selections are not used to update the doctor's group database, since their IDs do not identify them as a doctor
Limiting Search Options
Another feature of the present invention is keyword eliminator feature, which is illustrated in
Determining which Users to Sample
As shown in
As shown by step 556, for a user that has a user ID and has chosen to use the personal links table 174 of
As shown by step 558, when a keyword is submitted, a check is made that the IP address 62 has not already searched the keyword using security table 168 (Table 7) before the user is sent a set of tagged results. If so, the user can still undertake the search though it will not contribute to the cumulative surfer trace 170 (Table 4). This allows all normal users to affect the popular hit-list and all users to search whatever they would like, but prevents fraudulent users, such as spammers, from contributing to the popular hit-list. The security table 168 can also include information on links between keywords 52 and a user ID 56 to detect repeat searching.
While it is possible for user's to change the IP address of their computer, this is also detectable and preventable by a number of methods such registering and tracking the use of IP numbers.
methods to exclude false searches include:
-
- Only creating a surfer trace for users with a user ID 554 recorded with the search engine.
- Extending the time limit requited to make a visit count as a useful hit.
- Do not count single visits to a URL from a keyword (for which there is no means of measuring a lapsed-time).
As shown by step 560, popular keywords can be traced once every tenth, hundredth, or even thousandth occurrence, and the frequency of this selection can be changed to optimize the system. The frequency of keyword usage is determined from keyword table 164 as shown in
To avoid the keyword URL link table 172 of
Active Suggestion of Web Pages to Visit
Another feature of the present is illustrated by
Thus, at various interval's the user receives a list of suggested web pages determined by a group of like minded humans. For example a user may choose to be notified of web pages with the following
Keyword 582
profile type (agent 588)
Search type 586
Rugby
New Zealand, Male
highflying
Decay treatments
Dentist
new
This way if there are highflying web pages on “rugby” that other New Zealand males found useful (i.e. they spent a significant amount of time looking at the information—high rate of change of X in Table 3) the user would be notified. Similarly if there was any new information on “decay treatments” submitted for dentists to look at, the user would be identified about it (value of Z in Table 3). It is unlikely that a computer agent will ever be as good at filtering information as a selected group of peers. An advantage of this system compare to other “agent type” software is that this does not require any software on the user's computer. It is all included as a natural extension to the other search engine data sets.
The suggested web-sites can be displayed for the user when they next access the search engine or they may choose to be notified of these suggested web pages via e-mail notification. This way web pages can be drawn to the user's attention without any active searching for these keywords.
Passive Suggestion of Web Pages to Visit
Another feature of the present is illustrated by
As shown, in step 620, upon the entry of a user ID, the system can be activated passively, at various intervals or times (such as at each login to the search engine), by looking at which keywords, profile types and search types, the users frequently looks at using the personal links table 174 of
In a modification of this embodiment, a periodic e-mail can be sent out with the two newest and highest flying sites related to the key-words of the user.
Determining a List of Suggested Keywords
A problem with Internet searching for many users is knowing which key-word to use for searching. While the present invention could be implemented with an infinite number of keywords, too many key-words (includes phrases) that users choose can be problematic.
Accordingly, as shown in
The data from the cumulative keyword surfer trace 648 is then used to reinforce links between keywords. In this way the system learns which keywords are associated with each other. The system learns which words are related to each other in the same way that the system learns which URL's are associated with the key-words. The lists of suggested keywords will become more relevant over time as the relevancy is improved each time the keyword suggester is used.
Creating Data Sets that Determine the Suggested Keywords
As shown in
TABLE 10
Keyword link Table
Key-word
Key-word
Key-word
Key-word
Key-word
1
2
3
4
5
Key-word 1
—
5
Key-word 2
20
—
1134
Key-word 3
356
—
Key-word 4
—
Key-word 5
20
—
Key-word 6
3
Key-word 7
168
It can be seen from the Table 10 that people who entered key-word 2 found key-word 3 the most useful followed by keyword 5 then key-word 1. The keywords can have a directional aspect, for example, keyword 3 was found useful 1134 times after trying keyword 2. However keyword 2 was found useful only 356 times after users tried key-word 3.
Information about the links between keywords in Table 10 is updated by the information about how people are using suggested keywords (keyword surfer traces 648). The cumulative keyword surfer trace 698 is the combined information from all individual keyword surfer traces 648 and it is used to determine how many “hits” (significant visits) each keyword had for each key-word.
The information collected from each individual surfer trace is a series of inputs become a cumulative keyword surfer trace, shown in table form below in Table 11.
TABLE 11 Keyword cumulative surfer trace IP Number User ID Keyword keyword Date-time (original) (suggested)
Populating the Keyword Link Table
The following is an example of keywords that may be suggested after entering the a simple key-word like “Book”
-
- book sales
- book reviews
- specialist books
- second hand books
- used books
- special edition books
All of these key-words (phrases) would come from information seekers (users) and information providers (web-page developers). The most appropriate keywords will emerge naturally over time.
All keywords used by users are entered into the key-word link table 696 of
It is also a contemplated embodiment to run the keyword suggester like Table 3 and have high flying keyword associations and new keyword associations so the system can learn how keyword associations change over time. For example, the keyword suggester trace can store the most recent keyword links and modify the main key-word trace by a history factor, in the same way as Table 3 is modified by the cumulative surfer trace.
The cumulative keyword surfer trace 698 is processed in the same way as the cumulative web-page surfer trace 170 of
Also, the individual keyword suggester can store, for each user, their personal keyword links. Further, the keyword suggester can be based on a number of different profile types. The word associations may be quite different for people of different culture, nationality, occupation and age etc. Different keyword suggesters can capture the key-word association of different groups of people. The keyword hits in Table 10 can be subscripted in the same way that the values of X, Y and Z are subscripted for different types of profiles in Table 3, as explained previously. Using the Tables to create a list of suggested keywords
One manner is by ranking the values of X in the keyword link table 696 (Table 10). This ranked list of keywords is combined with keywords from a normal search of keywords, described previously with respect to step 646 of
Another manner of suggesting keywords, shown as step 730, is to compare the popular list (URLs X values) for the user-entered key-word with the popular-list of other key-words in Table 3. A similarity pattern X values in Table 3 indicates that these keywords are similar. For example a user may search for “film reviews” and the keyword suggester may come up with “movie reviews” which has a more comprehensively searched list of sites. In this case there is no physical similarity between the words movie and film, but they are linked by the similarity of the patterns of URLs links they have in common in Table 3.
The usefulness of the key word suggester list is enhanced indicated by step 744, by associating with each key-word on the suggestion list an indication of whether there are any of the aforementioned searches available (popular, high flyer, etc.) for that key-word in keyword URL links table 172 of
Decision to Send out Tagged Keyword Suggestions List
The security table 168 and keyword link table 696 are used to determine which keyword links to sample in a manner similar to that previously described with respect to tagging web pages. As with the decision for tagging web pages this can depend on whether it is a repeat keyword (found from security table 168) and on the frequency of keyword usage (found from keyword table 164), as well as the considerations previously discussed.
Determining Other Content
When searching on the Internet, various different web pages listings and web pages are displayed as has been described. One common characteristic of each these different web page listings that have been described is that when they are displayed they appear substantially identical to one another. As shown in
This other content may be displayed to a particular user based upon key-words, user profile type (nationality, age, gender, occupation, and so forth) and the time of the day, for example.
In many instances, this content that is displayed along with web page listings is inserted into the display area using mechanisms that are different from the searching system described previously with respect to conventional search engines. The mechanism by which this content is displayed in large measure based upon some other criteria, such as payment for the space that is used. While the system for selecting this content works, it is difficult to keep track of which content was displayed when, especially if that content is frequently changed. Thus, another aspect of the present invention, which will now be discussed, is a system for tracking changing content, and allowing for content providers to dynamically select when their content will be displayed.
This dynamic selectable content, as illustrated in
In addition to the surfer trace data being input as has been previously described, this content embodiment also provides for the web page developer, or content provider, to determine the frequency with which this content will be reviewed, and, depending upon the patterns of users with respect to web page listings that are viewed, alter the manner in which the content provider's content 902 is displayed based upon key words, user profile and the like. In order to implement this dynamic content flexibility, there are three additional data tables, illustrated in
Keyword content data table 804 is illustrated in more detail in Table 12 below, and its characteristics are:
-
- H is the cumulative number of hits for one time period for the keyword. This is the number of times people choose that keyword;
- N is the number of times particular content 900 that is associated with a keyword has been sent out for display. This is not necessarily the same as H since content associated with a profile type may be have a different selection factor than content associated with the keyword. This selection factor can be various variables, such as votes or price;
- A is the selection factor for the keyword from each content provider (e.g. a selection factor could be a $ bid to be associated with that keyword);
- T is the total of the selection factors for each keyword and is the sum of A's; and
- P is the content value, as determined by votes or price, for each keyword and is T/N (e.g. this could be the $ per time content is sent out with that key word—this is a price of being associated with that key word)
TABLE 12
Keyword content data sets
Amount of
Cumulative
Content
Content
Content
hits for one
sent out
Provider 1
Provider 2
Total
Keyword
month (H)
(N)
(A1)
(A2)
(T)
(P)
Books
Fish
This Table can also include the maximum content value M that the content provider is prepared to give. There is no limit to the number of content providers that may attempt to have content 902 displayed with a web page listing that is associated with a particular keyword.
It is possible to have a separate Table 12 for each country or area, so that the content value per country or area, per keyword could be different. In addition there could be different content values for different time periods in each country or area.
It is possible that provider's of content 902 could target both the key-word and the audience by identifying each of the keywords with target audiences, e.g. the number of hits associated with the word rugby could be broken down into the different profile type s that search for the word rugby. The cumulative number of searches for rugby could be 6000 split into 520 under 21's and 4000 21-50 year olds and 520 50+ age group. Thus, there may be a different content value for each of these sub classes within a keyword search.
In addition to the key-word dataset 804 it is possible to have a data set of the following type for different profile types 806. It contains the same entries for each profile type, instead of keyword as described above with respect to the keyword content data table 804 of
TABLE 13
Personal profile content Table
Amount of
cumulative
Content
Content
Content
Profile
hits for one
sent out
Provider 1
Provider 2
Total
type
month (H)
(N)
(A1)
(A2)
(T)
(P)
Male
Female
Profes-
sional etc
Undefined
profile
Table 13 determines the content value of the content 902 to specific audiences of people as opposed to different keywords and allows for targeting of specific audiences.
It is within the scope of the present invention to include combination profile types in Table 13 as well, such as male, professional or New Zealand, females. The content value for the combined profiles will be different than the content value of individual profiles. The mechanics involved in determining the content value and choosing the content 902 will be the same, and described further hereinafter.
Content provider data table 812 of
TABLE 14
Unique number
Name
Address etc
Content Information
for each Content
E.g. John
Content. no.
Content. no.
This Table may also store details of the content provider, such as passwords, payment details (e.g. credit card number and authorization), content delivery (number of times content has been sent to users) etc.
The data sets for the above mentioned content tables are populated as follows. For the keyword content data table 804
-
- H, the cumulative number of hits for a particular key word for one time period, is taken directly from Table 1 (800).
- N is the number of times content is sent out associated with the keyword. This is incremented each time an item of content 902 is displayed to a user that is specifically associated with that keyword 810.
- The values for A 802 are selected by content providers for each keyword. The content provider can also enter a maximum value M over which they will no longer select to be sent out with the keyword.
- T is the total for each keyword and is the sum of As
- P is the content value, as determined by votes or price, for each keyword and is T/N
Populating the Personal Profile Content Data - H is the cumulative number of hits for each profile type and this information is taken directly from Table 1 (sum of the indexed W's).
- N is the number of items of content 902 sent out associated with the personal profile. This is incremented each time an item of content 902 is sent out that is specifically associated with that profile type 810
- The values for A 808 are placed, through an entry process akin to bidding, for each profile type. The content provider can also enter a maximum M they are prepared to pay, or vote, as the case may be.
- T is the total for each profile type, and is the sum of As.
- P is the content value for each profile and is T/N
Populating the Content Provider's Details Table
The majority of the content provider's details 812 are electronically entered by the content providers. Each time a content provider's content 902 is sent out this event is also recorded in the content provider's details Table 812. This will also record the number of click-throughs (820,822,824,826,828) and the cost, in terms of payment or votes, of the content 902. This will form the basis of the electronic bill or tabulation that is thereafter forwarded to the content provider.
How the Data Sets are Used to Select Content Sent out to Users
In the discussion that follows, with reference to
A keyword and profile type are submitted to the search engine in step 852. From keyword content data table 804, personal profile content data table 806, the value of content 902 for each is found from the value of P in the Tables. The highest value of P for the keyword or profile type, determined in step 862, determines the type of content (keyword or profile type) that is transmitted along with the web page listings 900. It may be that there is no specific value for the keyword and the user may not be using a specific profile type. In this case the values for unassigned content items will be used (from Table 13 for users without a profile). Choosing which specific content item 902 is sent out is discussed below. The details for the content item (their graphics, text, associated programs, etc) are taken from Table 14, content provider details table 814 and transmitted to the user in step 868. Details of the content items 902 transmitted for each content provider are also sent to the content provider, as shown by step 870, at regular intervals.
Determining Whether it is Keyword or Profile Content that is Transmitted
The type of content 902 transmitted is dependent upon whether it is a key word based content or profile option based content. For example a Male from the US may search for fish. The value applicable to this search is, keyword=fish, profile=male, profile=US, profile=US, male. When deciding which content gets displayed, the system compares the value of the content for all the possibilities (keyword, combinations of profile types) and sends out the content that has the most value, as determined in step 862. For example an under 21 male may search using the key-word “Rugby” and the value for the associated content for Rugby is 0.1 per view, whereas the value per view for targeting an under 21 male is 0.2 and thus the content targeted at the male under 21 would be displayed rather than the rugby content. It is important to note that the cumulative frequency of times that content items 902 are transmitted (N) will be different to the total cumulative frequency for the targeted area (H). In this example the cumulative frequency (H) of the number of times ‘rugby’ is searched for and ‘males under 21’ would both incremented by one (via Table 1). However, the number of times an item of content 902 is displayed would be incremented only for the ‘male under 21’ Table (this is the figure used to determine the value of the content per unit view.
Determining which Specific Content is Transmitted
The example below shows how content associated with the keyword is selected. It is the same process for content associated with profile types.
Number of
Cumulative
content
Content
Content
Key-
hits for one
items sent
Provider 1
Provider 2
Total
word
month (H)
out (N)
(A1)
(A2)
(T)
(P)
Book
134
134
10
10
0.050
Fish
52
80
5
5
10
0.52
For the key-word “book” the content 902 of content provider 2 would be displayed whenever the keyword was searched, as they are the only content provider associated with that key-word. However, for the key-word “fish”, content providers 1 and 2 would have their content sent out the same number of times. In the system scaled to the levels at which it is intended to be used, there will be a very large number of content providers bidding for different keywords and profile types.
Calculating the Value of Content
If there is a new content provider who, for the keyword “book,” values the content at, for instance, $5 per month, this will change the value to 0.075 and this will mean that the total associated with the word book is $15. Therefore, content provider 2 would now get transmitted 66% of the time ( 10/15) and the new content provider would be displayed 33% of the time. The proportion of time an content provider's content is transmitted is A/T.
How Content Provider's use the Data Tables
When bidding for content 902, content providers select a keyword or profile to target their content from Tables 12 & 13. The search engine indicates automatically the number of times this search has been performed for the previous time period (H), the number of times items of content were sent out associated with that selection (N) and the value of the content P.
The new content provider then enters the selection factor A and the system can then instantly calculate the new value (P) based on the new total bids (T). The advertiser can also be told the number of views per month they are likely to get for their bid (N*(A/T)). These changes are calculated in real-time to give the new content provider an indication of how their bid will influence the value and the views they will receive for their bid. If a value and number of views are agreeable to the advertiser they can choose to submit it as a bid for the defined period, such as a day, week, or month, for instance. The details of other content providers are, preferably, not made public. Content providers may also enter a maximum value M they can part with for their content. This provides content providers with some security against paying too much if the value changes. If the value goes too high then a content provider's bid can drop off the list (if P is greater than M then A is not counted as a bid for that particular content provider). The bid would go back on the list if the value went down again, thus acting as a stabilizing mechanism. The content provider can, in a preferred embodiment, be notified by e-mail if their content 902 has dropped off the list due to their value limit M.
As shown by the content provider details table 812 of
The same system can be used to set values for keyword clusters. While grouping words in this way would incur an increased administration cost, it is nevertheless computationally similar and only initiated once a certain level of hits on a keyword had been exceeded.
Content only search Users can also purposely choose to search only the content provider associated with a keyword. In this case the search results will be based on the values of A in Table 12. The content providers that pay the most will be at the top of the list.
The key-word suggester can also help content providers choose key-words or sets of key-words that they would like to display.
Controlling the Search Engine System
There are a number of parameters that can change the way in which the search engine according to the present invention ranks web pages. These factors (described in detail below) are:
-
- History factor
This determines the rate of decay of the existing popular lists (popular hit list) as described in the text previously. This is a number between 1 and 0. A high history factor will make it difficult to change the existing popularity lists. As an example if the rate of searching for a particular keyword is increasing quickly, then the history factor should be lower to enable emerging web pages to rise up the popularity list.
-
- Frequency of updating Table 3 from the cumulative surfer trace
This is a measure of the frequency with which the popularity lists are updated with information about the users' activities (i.e. the surfer trace), for example, this may be measured once a day or even once a month depending on the rate of change of popularity of particular keyword searches.
-
- Sampling frequency
This is the frequency of sampling the information of how users are searching. If it is a common keyword it is not necessary to monitor every search. It may be that only a percentage of all searches need be monitored to accurately determine web-page popularity.
-
- The composition of the default search list (mix of results from the new web-page list, high-flyers and popular-lists etc.)
The mix of web pages presented to the user as a default can be changed if necessary to reflect the way in which search results evolve over time.
-
- Content ‘hit factor’
The “content hit factor” is a measure of the weighting given to a hit on content being recorded as a hit for a keyword. The default setting is that a hit on content counts the same as a hit from the list of web pages. The value of content hits can be set higher or lower than unity, depending on the price of the content, e.g. the “content hit factor” may need to be increased for valuable keywords as this would decrease the ability to spam these commercially valuable keywords. The higher the content factor, the higher the resistance to spam as the search results would be more dependent on price rather than popularity.
-
- The time period for content bidding
Content providers bid a certain amount for a particular time period e.g. one month. This time period may be different depending on the rate-of-change of the price. If the price is changing rapidly or is very stable, the time period may be respectively shortened or lengthened correspondingly.
-
- Number of key-words per web-page submission
This number could be changed to influence how the system learns from new web pages submissions.
-
- Length of time between accepting new-web-page submissions
If the date of submission for a web-page is too close to the existing submission for that web-page, then it is not accepted. This length of time can be changed depending on any of the above factors
-
- Number of searches per day, per person (IP address or user ID) that count as valid hits
This number can be changed to reduce the possibility of spamming
-
- Length of time before renewing the security Table
The security Table that restricts abuse, notes the links between keywords and IP addresses of user identifications. The length of time between refreshing this Table can be changed to make it harder to spam the system.
The settings for these factors can be different for different keywords or groups of people depending on:
-
- Frequency with which searches are done
- The rate-of-change of frequency of searches
- The price of the content
- The rate of change of price of content
The precise setting of each of these factors will not be known until the system begins operation ‘learning’ about the users behaviors. The optimum settings for different situations may be determined by experimentation.
Other Applications
Though the preferred embodiment has been described with reference to a software useable on a computer network for searching the Internet, it will be appreciated that the invention may be readily applied to any search system where a human user chooses results from a set of initial search results. Such a system may for example be part of an, a LAN or WAN or even a database on an individual PC.
Examples of other possible areas of application for the present invention are described below.
Intranet Searches and other Data Base Searches
Intranet searches at present suffer from similar drawbacks from Internet searches, indeed some intranets can in themselves be extremely substantial systems, in which identifying a particular information source or item can be equally problematic. Utilizing the present invention in such applications is within the intended scope of the present invention.
Searching Other Media Forms
The present invention is also intended to be applied matching a user's profile to other media sources (such as pay per-view, television, videos, music and the like), thus allowing content targeted to a particular audience. The same form of search lists as described above (Popular-list, High-flyers, Hot-off the press, etc) may be employed to direct users to appropriate material.
Shopping
The search techniques described herein can be implemented in a consumer network to assist shoppers in selecting items from within one shop or among a large number of shops. Instead of using a keyword-URL link Table, there would be used a keyword-item purchased link Table, that then records what items were purchased after each shopping request (key-word). This embodiment also records where the user purchased the product. Each time a shopper purchased an item this would increment the popularity of that item, using the same techniques described previously.
The profile type s in this embodiment can be used to record the types of purchases made by different sets of people. One could, for example, select a profile type and see what are the most commonly purchased items for a range of users, and would provide assistance in choosing gifts for people who have a different profile type than yourself.
Scientific Publications
Searching scientific data bases (on-line papers, journals, etc.) with the present invention will dramatically reduce the time spent examining obscure, or esoteric areas only to find the information irrelevant. The criteria for a valid hit for such uses would typically incorporate the extended time feature described above to establish the usefulness of the information source. The refereeing and referencing of academic/scientific papers using the present invention could enhanced by classifying different levels or types of user, e.g. Dr, Professor etc. postgraduate, and so forth. This will enable users to see. for example, what information sources the eminent authorities in a particular field found of interest. It would also allows the authors of a paper to become aware of how often their publication was accessed and possibly further indicate where and how often the paper was used as a reference in subsequent papers. Users may have to formally register with different organizations to obtain levels of ability to referee. Users may also choose the level of refereeing for their searching.
Online Help
There is currently a substantial global requirement for on-line help and support, particularly for computer/software applications. Such a need would be considerably assuaged by use of the present invention as the software developers obtain a direct feedback to the type and frequency of particular inquiries, whilst the users receive the accumulated benefit of the previous users. Different profile type s would enable the answers to be provided in an appropriate form for the user, e.g. novice, expert, etc. The keyword suggester may, for example, suggest searching with key-words (questions) more likely to yield a satisfactory response. There can be a range of answers to each question and as the system learns it will converge on to the best answers.
Question and Answer Services
Current On-line question/answer programs could be configured to run via the present invention, thus enabling answers to repeatedly asked questions to be based on previous questions and similar questions to be suggested.
Content Optimization on Other Parts of the Internet
The same content bidding mechanism could be used to determine the price of content for any location on the Internet, not just web page listings as identified above. In this embodiment, content providers will bid for a general content space to set the price automatically.
The profile type information from the search engine could be used as a passport so that other advertisements on the Internet could be more targeted to different audiences. This profile type information could also be used by web-page developers to customize their web-page for different sets of users.
People Matching Service
In another embodiment, the system according to the present invention can be used as a dating service and/or a method for matching people with similar preferences by doing a statistical analysis to compare the individual preferences (Table 6) of groups of users. The individual past preference Tables, in this embodiment, would preferably be normalized and compared to each other using a standard correlation coefficient. When compared to other users it would give a numerical indication of how similar their preferences are.
The same embodiment could also be used to find information about similar people from there past preferences Tables. For example one could ask to be give the names of people in New Zealand with an interest in Ecological Economics and a search could be made of the personal preferences Tables. Such an embodiment, however, would typically include a password/consent indicator that provides consent of identified persons to give out their information, which consent could be given, for example, in only certain circumstances, which circumstances are limited to searchers who have a level of authority and password indicating the same, or for persons who identify themselves with certain characteristics.
While the invention has been described in connection with what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiment. For example, each of the features described above can be use singly or in combination, as set forth below in the claims, without other features described above which are patentably significant by themselves. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (24)
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date | Type |
|---|---|---|
| CA2324137A1 (en) | 1999-09-23 | application |
| US20030055831A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 | application |
| US20030088554A1 (en) | 2003-05-08 | application |
| JP2002507794A (en) | 2002-03-12 | application |
| KR20010086259A (en) | 2001-09-10 | application |
| US6421675B1 (en) | 2002-07-16 | grant |
| WO1999048028A2 (en) | 1999-09-23 | application |
| CN1299488A (en) | 2001-06-13 | application |
| US20060100956A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 | application |
| WO1999048028A3 (en) | 2000-01-06 | application |
| EP1072002A2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | application |
| CA2324137C (en) | 2006-05-16 | grant |
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