US767988A - Space telegraphy. - Google Patents

Description

J. S..STONE'.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY A'PPLIOATI'ON FILED DEC. 8, 190a WITNEEE E- PATENTED. AUG. 16, 1904.

PatentedAug'ust 16, 1904.

L UNITED STATES 1 PATENT OFF C JOHN STONE STONE, or CAMBRIDGE, MAssAcnusErTsAssieNoR To WILLIAM w. swan, TRUSTEE, OF'BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS.

SPACE T'ELEGRAPHY.-

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent no; 767,988, dated August is, 1904. Original application filed November 25, 1903, fierial No. 182,684. Divided and this application filed December 8, I903. Serial To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN STQNE STONE, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Cambridge, in the county of Middlesexand StateofMassachusetts, have invented a. cer-.

.tain new and useful Improvement in'Spac'e Telegraphy, of which thefollowing is a speciproducing electric vibrations in an elevated conductor, preferably vertically elevated. In

my Letters Patent No. 7 14,7 56, dated December,'1 902,1 have described such system of space telegraphy in which forced simple harmonic electric vibrations are developed in an elevated conductor by means of a sonorous or persistently-oscillating circuit associated therewith.

In this system and in other systems of space telegraphy inoperation to-day ithas been found necessary to employelevated transmit-- ting-conductors of considerable height in order to transmit appreciable amountsof energy j by electromagnetic waves over commercial distances.

This invent1on. con. 1stsof an apparatus for transmitting large amounts of energy by electromagnetic waves without the use of'tlie 7 high vertical conductorheretofore employed.

- The invention may be best understood by having-reference to the drawings which ac 7 company and form apart of tli1s'speciticat1on. In the drawing the figure represents va'r1- ous embodiments of myinvention whereby the'employment of a h1gh'vert1cal conductor is rendered unnecessary.

' In the figure, A is an alternating-current generator.- .t' is akey. MM are transformers. I1 I2 are the primary and secondary windings of transformer M. L'L are inductances. C(J'are condensi gap. V is an elevated conductor consisting s is a spark- (N0 model.)

of a metal .plate, preferably circular inform and parallel to earth and whose diameter, and consequently whose periphery, is preferably great compared to its distance from the ground. However, a metallic plate of other shape or any other suitable laterally-extending member may be employed, andpreferably its distance from ;the ground should be small compared to its smallest dimension.

The natural period of the sonorous circuit 8 Q L L is made equal to the fundamental period of the elevated-conductor system, consisting of the metal plate V or other suitable laterally-extending member and itsconnection 0 I: E to earth or to soine harmonic of such fundamental period, and'for this purpose the electromagnetic constants ofthe sonorous circuit may be varied. {In inductance 'L or-a condenser (l may beconnected' in the circuit 012 fOFlJlIQDTlI'POSE-S hereinafter set forth.

The function of the auxiliary inductance L 1s, as explained in my hereinbefore-mentioned Letters Patent, to swamp the effect of the mutual'inductance between the sonorous circuit and. the elevated-conductor system and to thereby reduce the complex of interrelated circuitsto the equivalent of a system-of circuits each having a single degree of freedom, so that simple harmonic electromagnetic Waves of a frequency determined by the capacity and inductance of the sonorous circuit may be radiated.-

quency is equal to the fundamental frequency 3 The reactance at the driving-point 0 for n of the elevated conductor V. For any fur- ,ther increase in frequency from'this point the reactance at the driving-point 0 becomesin the nature of an nductance reactance.

which increases as the frequency is further increased, the curve which shows the variation of reactance with frequency becoming asymptotic with the ordinate drawn in the positive direction from the point on the axis of abseissae representing the first harmonic 2-" of the fundamental frequency 72/. As the frequency passes through the value 2" the reactance at the driving-point suddenly changes from an inductance reactance of infinite value to a capacity reaetance of infinite value, the curve which shows the variation of reactance with frequency being asymptotic to the ordinate drawn in the negative direction from the point on the axis of abseissae representing the first harmonic 2 of the fundamental frequency a. When the frequency is equal to the first harmonic 2 and the reactance at the driving-point 0 is infinite, the elevated-conductor system refuses to vibratez'. a, the elevated-conductor system is then equivalent in length to a half-wave length of the oscillations impressed upon it. As the frequency is further increased from the first harmonic the capacity reaetanee again wanes,-

becoming zero when the frequency is equal to the second harmonic 3 of the fundamental frequency w, and so on. In other words, the curve showing the variation of reactaneeat the driving-point o with frequency is a discontinuous curve, which is zero when thefrequency is equal to the fundamental frequency 72, which passes from plus infinity to minus infinity as the frequency passes through the value 2, which is zero when the frequency is 3, which passes from plus infinity to minus infinity when the frequency passes through the value 4, which is zero when thefrequency is 5, and 'so on, thepositive values of said curve representing inductance reactances and the negative values thereof representing capacity reactances. v

When the reactance at the driving-point 0 is a capacity reactance, an inductance of suitable value is inserted in the conductor 0 L; E, connecting the center 0 of the plate V to earth, as shown at L, Fig. 2, in order to balance said reactance, so that the fundamental period of the elevated-conductor system will be equal to the frequency of the oscillations or vibrations developed by the sonorous circuit s C Il L or to some multiple or submultiple of such frequency.

When the reactance at driving-point o is an inductance reactance, a condenser of suitable value is inserted in the conductor 0 I2 E, 'as shown at C, Fig. 3, in order to balance said reactance so that the fundamental period of the elevated-conductor system will be equal to the frequency of the oscillations or vibrations developed by the sonorous circuit s C11 L or to some multiple or submultiple of such frequency.

In Fig. 4 an alternating-current generator of frequency high compared with the alterdamental of the elevated-conductor system to.

the frequency of the currents developed by the generator or to some harmonic of such frequency.

This application is a division of my application. Serial No. 182,634, filed November, 25, 1903.

I clain 1. In a system of space telegraphy, an eler vated-conductor system comprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with its distance above the earth, and means fol-developing electric vibrations therein:

2. In a system of space telegraphy, an ele' vated-eonductor system comprising a'mctallie plate of periphery large compared with its distance above the earth and means for developing forced electric vibrations therein.

3. In a system of space'telegraphy, an elevated-conductor system comprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with its distance above the earth, and means for developing forced, simple harmonic electric oscilla-.

tions therein.

4. In a system of space telegraphy, an clc-.

vated-conductor system comprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with its distance above the earth, and means for developing therein electric vibrations of a period equal to the fundamental period of said clevated-eonductor system or to some harmonic of such fundamental period.

5. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor system comprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with its disi tance. above the earth and'means, including an inductance-coil, connecting said plate to earth.

6. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor system comprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with its distance above the earth and means, including an inductance-coil, connecting said plate to earth, in combination with means for developing electric vibrations in said elevated-conductor system.

7. In a system of space telcgraplrv, an elevated-conductor system comprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with its distance above the earth and means, including an inductance-coil, connecting said plate to earth, in combination with means for developing therein electric vibrations of a period equal to the fundamental period of said clevated-conduetor system or to some harmonic of such fundamental period.

8. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor system com prising a metallic plate of periphery large compared with its (listance above the earth and means connecting said plate to earth, in combination with also- ICC norous circuit for developingelectric vibrations in said elevated-conductorsystem.

9. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor system comprising a metallic plate of periphery large, compared With its distance above the earth-and means connecting said plate to earth, in combination with a sonorou's circuit for developing therein electric vibrations of a period equal to the fundamental period of said elevatedmonductor system orto some. harmonic, of such fundamental period.

In a system of space telegraphy; an elevated-conductor system comprising a later-- allyeextending conducting member and means connectlng sald member to earth, in comb1na- 'tion with a sonorous circuit for developing electric vibrations in saidlevtted-cdnductor system. a i

11. In a systemof space telegraphy, an elev vated-conductor system comprising a laterally-extending conducting member and means connecting said member to earth, in combina tioriwith a sonorous circuit for developing. therein electric vibrations of a periodequal to the fundamental period of said elevatedconductor system or to some harmonic of such fundamental per1od.-

12. In a system of space telegraphy, an elevated-conductor system comprising a laterally-extending conducting member and means, I

including an inductance-coil, connecting said member to earth, in combination with a sonorous circuit for developing electric vibrations in said elevated-conductor system.

f 13, In a system of space telegraphy,an ele vatedconductor system comprising a laterally-extending conducting member and means, including an inductance-coil; connecting said membe'rto earth, ,in'c'ombination with a so norous circuit for developing therein electric yi brationsof a period equal to the fundamental period of said elevated-conductor sys tem or to some harmonic of such fundamental I period.

14. In a system of space telegraphy, means for developing electric vibrations of [definite "frequency associated with an elevated-conductor system comprising a metallic plate of periphery large compared wlth its distance above the earth and means for balancing the I reactance of the elevated conductor system for electric vibrations of said'detinite frequency.'

15. ln a system of space telegraphy, a so-- norous circuit for developing electric vibrations of definite frequency associated with an elevated-conductor system comprising a metallic plate ,of periphery large compared w th its distance abovethe earth and means for 1: l-

ancing the reactance of theelevated-conductor Witnesses:

' tions of definite frequency associated with-an elevated-conductor system comprising a inetallic plateof periphery large compared withits distance above the earth and an inductance-coil for balancing the reactanceof the elevated-conductor system for electric v1bra tions of said defimte' frequency.

18. In a system of space telegraphy, meansfor developing electric vibrationsof definite 1 frequency associated with an elevated-con ductor system comprising a laterally-extendingcon'ducting .member and means for bal ancing the reactance of said elevated conductor system for electric vibrations of said definite frequency.

19. In a systemof space telegraphy, a sonorouscircuit for developing electric vibrationsof definite frequency associated with an elevated-c'onductorc system comprising a lateral'ly .-'extending conducting member and means for balancing the reactanceof said elevated-conductor system for electric vibrations of said definite. frequency.

20. In a system of space telegraphy. means for developing electric vibrations of definite frequency associated Withan elevated-conductor system comprising a laterallyextcnch,

lng conducting member and an inductancecoil for balancing the reactance of said elevated-cond'uctor system for electric vibrations of said definitefrequency.

21.- In a syste'mof space tele raph a sonorous circuit for developing e cctric vibrations of definite frequency associated with an elevated-conductor system "comp ri'siu g' a laterally-extending conducting member and an inductance-coil for balancing the reactance of said elevated-conductor system for electric vibrations of said definite frequency.

ISO

In testimony 'whereof I have hereunto sub- 7 scribed my name this 7th day of l.)ecenibor.

- JOHN STONE STONE.

ALEX. P. Bnowsn. BRAmnnp 'l. J'Uniuxs.

It is hereby certified that in Letters Patent No. 767,988, granted August 16, 1904, upon the application of John Stone Stone, of Cambridge, \lusszichusetts, for an improremeut in Space Telegraphy, errors appear in priuted specification requiring correction, as follows: On page 1, line 38, the Word drawing should read drawings,

: the word figure should read figures, and the word represents should read represent; on page 2, in lines 7, S, 16, 1S, and 35, the symbol 2" should read Zn, in lines 27 and 36 the symbol 3" should read 3n, in line 38 the symbol 1" should read 4n,

and in line 39 5" should read 5:1 and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oflice. I

Signed 21nd sealed this 4th day of July, A. D. 1905.

[SEAL] I F. I. ALLEN,

Conmnissioner of Patents.

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