US758006A - Wireless telegraphy. - Google Patents

Description

No. 758,006. PATENTED APR. 19; 1904. I F. J. GREEN.

WIRELESS TBLBGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 9. 1903.

N0 MODEL. I SHEETS-SHEET 1.

PATENTED APR. 19, 1904.

7 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

m 2 EWOR WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.. APPLIOATION FILED JAN. 9, 1903.

N0 MODEL.

No. 758,006. PATENTED APR. 19, 1904. F. J. GREEN.

' WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 9, 1903.

N0 MODEL. 7 SHEETSSHEET 3.

I/"ITNESSES. IWVEWTOR.

' PATENTED APR. 19, 1904.

F. J. GREEN. WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED June. 1903.

7 SHEETS-SHBET 4.

no MODEL.

53 SOUTH THIS TRAIN l5 RUNNING J0 EV NURTHQ gal r in 1liiliiiillllll||i|l|llliilillll WIT/YES s2 s.

H0 MODEL.

\ PATBNTBD APR. 19, 1904.

P. J. GREEN.

WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 0. 1903.

1 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

Port B Pq Fl: 13 a Peri Quarter gT/VESSES.

fii% wzw JAE UVVEWTORJ No. 758,006. .PATENTED APR. 19', 1904.

Fl JI I WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

7 APPLICATION FILED JAN- 9. 1903. K0 MODEL. I 7 SHEETBSHBBT 8- W'ITWE8SE8. 37 IWY TEWTOR.

5 road connections with semaphore or other sig- UNITE STATES I Patented April 19, 1904'.

ATENT 'FFICE.

FRANCIS J. GREEN, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR TO THE AMERICAN ENGINEERING COMPANY, or SOUTH DAKOTA.

DETROIT, MICHIGAN, Av CORPORATION OF WIRELESS TELEGRAPHY.

*PEcI'FIcATIoN forming part of Letters Application filed January 9, 1903.

To all whom, it nuty concern.- I

Be it known that I, FRANCIS J. GREEN, a citizen of the. United States, residing at Detroit, county of W'ayne, State of Michigan, have in- 5 vented a certain new and useful Improvement in \Vireless Telegraphy, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which forma part of this specification.

I My invention has for its object certain new and useful improvements in. wirelesst'legraphy and in signaling apparatus employed in connection therewith.

My present invention in some of' its fea- I tures is especially adapted for transmittingand receiving signals upon vessels and upon railway-trains. While other'features of mypresent invention are of wider scope and are adapted for various uses, I show the same herewith.

as applied to vessels for marine signaling and also to the cab ofa locomotive for railway signaling. 1

In all, present systems of danger-signals upon railways reliance is had upon track or nals placed alongside the track. I propose to do away entirely with'all outside connections and place on each locomotive a signaling appartus, utilizing Hertzian waves as a means of 3 communication. In this manner the signal is given directly in the cab of the locomotive and under the engineers immediate notice, so no matter how thick the weather may be the signal is in no way obscured. l WhileI do not limit myself to any particu- "-lar use-to which my invention may be put, when applied to vessels it is designed that each vessel shall be equipped both with the transmitting mechanism and with a plurality 4 of receiving mechanisms embodied: in my invention. So, also, ,whenapplied to railwaytrains each train is designed to be equipped with the transmitting mechanism and with a plurality of receiving mechanisms.

The objects of my invention include apparatus for giving and receiving signals, the apparatus 'at the same time denotingthe direction from which any given signal is received.

- M Y a paratus is also adapted to receive si Z1! Patent No. 758,006, dated April 19, 1904.

Berialllo. 138,343. (No 111M191.)

nals at a given station or location from more than one direction at the same time.

7 Certain principles of my invention, as well as certain features of the present apparatus, may be used for the wireless transmission and reception of messages, aswell as for signaling purposes.

The system of wireless transmission of electric waves or impulses as applied to dangersignals and for railways consists, essentially, of a transmitter and receivers of suitable form placed on each locomotive-cab on the road or uponeach vessel.

My invention contem automatic in their working, wherebyno train can approach another within agi-ven radius from any direction, either in front or behind, without each engineer being warned of the plates suitable devices,

approach of another train and the direction the approaching train isgoing, as well as whether it is in front or behind him.

In other systems of transmitting electrical impulses or Hertzian waves through the air dependence has heretofore been placed upon the Morse key system to effect the transmission of the signals or upon other analogous instruments. By my invention, however,

means are provided for making thetransmissingle short tap; to provide an improved cir;

cuit-br'eaker adapted to give varying signals; to provide a signal whereby the operator can see when the transmitting mechanism is working properly; to further provide a special annunciator toind icate the direction from which a given signal is received.

My invention therefore conslsts'of these andother features of general construction, as well as the combination and arrangement of deviceshereinafter described and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a view in perspective, illustrating features of my invention. Fig. 2 is adia grammatic view illustrating features of the receiving mechanism embodied in my invention, the same being more particularly adapted in certain of its features for application to vessels., Fig. 3 is a general diagrammatic'view of the receiving-circuits embodying features of my invention more particularly adapted for use in railway signaling. Fig. i shows the connections for the special annunciator when applied to railway signaling. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic View showing features of my improved transmitting mechanism. Fig. 6 is a detail view showing one face of the signal-box for the circuit-breaker of the transmitter. Fig. 7 is an exterior View, in side elevation, of the special 'annunciator employed in marine signaling. Fig. 8 is an exterior view of the annunciator illustrated in Fig. 3, designed for railway signaling. Fig. 9 is a view in side elevation and vertical section showing the transmitting and receiving mechanisms for the railway signaling. Fig. 10 is adiagrammatic view illustrating the general principles by which the differentiation of the signals is accomplished. Fig. 11 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a modification in the arrangement of the compartments in which the plurality of receivers are located.

In carrying out my invention the transmitting'and receiving mechanisms are mounted upon any suitable support, the transmitting mechanism being preferably located above the receiving mechanism and segregated therefrom 'by means of a wire netting or gauze. While a solid-metal plate may be used to prevent the passage of electric waves through the air or to secure thesegregation of the transmitting mechanism, I have found that wire netting or gauze serves the same purpose at a much less expense, and'there'fore in insulating the various parts of this machine from the effect of the electric waves I prefer to universally adopt the use of the wire netting or gauze, although I dd not limit myself solely thereto, as in all places where the wire netting or gauze is shown or described a met-al'plate of any desired thickness might be substituted therefor and the action remain the same.

In the drawings, a represents any suitable support for my improved transmitting and receiving mechanisms. In Fig. l the support is more particularly adaptedfor use where my invention is applied to vessels. In Fig. 9 the support shown is more particularly designed for use where my invention is employed for railway signaling. I do not limit myself to any particular construction or form of the support in which the connections and mechanisms may be inclosed or upon which they maybe located. 1

My invention contemplates the employment of a plurality of receiving mechanisms, four receiving mechanisms being shown in Fig. 2.

The different receiving mechanisms are segregated the one from the other by suitable walls or partitions, preferably of wire netting orgauze. In Fig. 3 of the drawings two receiving mechanisms are indicatedat b and c. In Fig. 2- additional receiving mechanisms are indicated at d and c. The separate features of construction of said receiving mechanisms will be hereinafter more fully described. In order to differentiate the signals received by the plural receiving mechanisms, said mechanisms are separated and shielded the one from the other by suitabledividing-walls, (indicated at f',) preferably composed of wire netting or gauze,.said walls forming compartments opening only in the direction from which it is desired to receive signals by the particular receiving mechanism thus protected. 3 two such compartments are shown, (indicated at g and 7b,) said compartments being arranged so as to receive signals from opposite directions by corresponding receiving mechanisms. In Fig. 2 four such compartments are indicated at g, 7t, 71, and 7', each shielded by wallsf onefromthe other. The application of this principle of differentiating the signals one from another as applied, for example, upon vessels will be more clearly understood by reference to the diagrammatic view Fig. 10, said view beingintroduced simply to illustrate this principle of the differentiation of the dimotion from which any given signal isreceived. In said Fig. 10 k may denote a vessel upon which my improved apparatus is placed, and the numerals 1, 2, 3, and 4 denote the different wings of the dividing-wall. It will be readily apparent that if said wings were extended they would be carried out on the radial lines indicated by the longer dotted lines. Theoretically a metal plate intercepting a Hertzian wave will cast a sharp definite electrical shadow behind it; but in practice I find that instead of the edges of this electrical shadow being sharply defined there is a certain amount of diffusion. retically, Hertzian waves transmitted from any point between two adjacent radial lines, as between the lines 5 6, 6 7, 7 8, and 8 5, would affect the receiver in the corresponding compartment 1, 2, 3, or 4 only; but in practiceit is found that owing to the diffusion above mentioned there is certain space adjacent to each of the radial lines 5, 6, 7, and 8 within which the electrically transmitted Waves will affect two adjacent receivers in two adjacent compartments. Such spaccsare indicated by the shorter dotted radial lines 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 16. It will be obvious that Hertzian waves originating at any point between the lines 10 11, 12 13, 14 15, 16 9 In Fig.

For example, theoby the flashing of the light m.

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would simultaneously afiect the corresponding receivers 1, 2, 3, and 4 only, while any Hertzianwave originating at any point between the lines 11 12 would simultaneously affeet the two receivers in compartments 2 and 3. Also waves originating at any point between lines 15 and 16 would simultaneously affect the receivers in compartments 3 and 4, while waves originating at any point between the lines Sand 10 would simultaneously affect the receivers in the compartments 4 and 1. It is obvious that as applied to a vessel the receiver in compartment 1 opens to the front or how of the vessel, that in the compartment 2 to the starboard beam, that in the compartment 3 toward the stern, and that in the compartment 4' toward the port beam. If another vessel carrying the apparatus embodied in my invention was located between the lines 10 and 11 and was to send a signal, the receiver in the compartment 1 of a corresponding vessel would be actuated. The receiver in each I compartment is connected, as will hereinafter be described, with an annunciator, which,.as. illustrated in Fig. 7 for example, may be provided with fourlights, (indicated at Z, m, n, and 0.) These lights serve to indicate the direction. from which the signal is received, the lights being actuated by the corresponding receivers. Thus a signal received from a vessel between the lines 10 and 11 might be indicated by the flashing of the light Z. A signal received between the lines 12 and 13 would be indicated A signal received between the lines 14 and 15 would be indicated by the flashing'of the light or, while a signal received between the lines 16 and-9 would be indicated by the flashing of the light 0. So, also, it will be obvious that signals received between the lines 11 and 12 would be indicated by the flashing of both lights Z and m simultaneously. Signals received between the lines 18 and 14 would be indicated by the simultaneous flashing of both lights a and 0:

So, also, signals received between the lines 9.

and 10 would be indicated by the simultaneous flashing of both lights 0 and Z. In this manner the location of any vessel transmitting the signals either fromv ahead, from the starboard bow, the starboard beam, the starboard quarter, the stern, the portquarter, port beam, or port bow can be readily ascertained by the flashing of the corresponding light or lights, as hereinabove' stated.

, It will be understood that the receivingmech anisms all correspond in their construction and arrangement, so that the description of one receiving mechanism will serve for a full understanding of the construction and arrangement of each of the receiving mechanisms. I do not limit myself to any precise number of receiving mechanisms which may be employed. Should it be desired to still more sharply define the location of a vessel transmitting signals, a still larger number of receiving mechanisms might be employed, each receivingmechamsm being segregated from the others in a manner similar to that.

already described by intervening walls or wings placed at proper angles. I would have it understood that I do not limit myself to any particular construction or arrangement of said metal walls and the wings with which said walls are provided, a plurality of receiving mechanisms of any desired number being contemplated within the scope of 'my invention, each segregated from other receivers and the transmitting mechanism. As illustrated'in Fig. 11, the various compartments 9, 71,, 21, and j might be entirely separated one from another and located at points distant one from another,'but each opening outward in a manner similar to that already described,

p in circuit with a relay q and a battery 0'.

The tongue 8 of the relay is arranged so that .when the relay is closed by the action of the coherer it will form two separate contacts with instance, on the.

contact-points, (indicated att and 1a,) the contact point 2. being in circuit .with aretardingcoil 42, which is wound in-the shape of a hollow solenoid, the solenoid being in circuit with an-additional battery on, said battery being electrically connected with the opposite end of the relay-tongues, as indicated at m. It will thus be evident that .when the relay-tongue is in contact withthe point t the circuit is completed through the tongue, the contact 25 thereby actuating the solenoid 1). Within the solenoido is a baror core of soft iron (indicated at 3 and connected through a battery z to a hollow tapping-solenoid 17. The solenoid a) being actuated the core 1 is drawn up within it and comes in contact with a gontaet-plate 18 in electrical circuit with the tapping-solenoid 17. The contact being made between the core 1/ and the plate 18 the tapping-circuit is closed. The tapping-solenoid is provided with a tapping-core 19, similar to the core 7 When the tapping-solenoid 17 is actuated, the tapping-core 19 is operated, striking the coherer to decohere the same. Immediately upon this decoherence being effected the circuit through the coherer is broken, and the relay-tongue s is drawn back by means'of a spring 20, thus opening all of the circuits already described, as well as the signal-circuit. The signal-circuit is operated through the same relay-tongue a, closing with the contact 14, a circuit through an additional battery 21 actuating'the lights Z m 11 0, as the case, may be, forming a part of that the track is clear.

an annunciator (shown more particularly in Fig. 7) in the signaling-circuit with the lastmentioned battery, the battery 21 .being electrically connected back to the relay-tongue s, as shown. in addition to thesignaling-light in the signaling-circuit an additional signal may be provided in the same circuit-as, for instance, a bell, (indicated at 22.)

in Figs. 3, 4, 8, and 9 is shown a slight modication in the annunciator in the signaling-circui t. The connection of the signaling-circuits are the same as those heretofore described, the

annunciator device being somewhat different.

from that illustrated in Fig. 2, for example. Where signals are only to be received from two opposite directions, as in railway signaling, the signaling-lights Z on n. 0 are replaced in the signaling-circuit by lights in the annunciator, which show when no signal is being received from either direction, and if at any time a signal should bereceived it will be shown at once by the changing of one or both of the lights aforesaid into those of another color. In this modified form of an annunciator I provide eleetromagnets 23 and 24 and a battery 25, in circuit of which battery are two lights 26 and 27, which may preferably be white lights, said lights being in circuit through contacts at 28 and 29 with corresponding armatures 30 and 31 of the electromagnets 23 and 24. Said armatures are constructed, preferably, in the form of bellcranks. When said magnets are actuated, the corresponding armatures are drawn down, causing the contacts at 28 and 29 to be broken,

the adjacent end of the armature forming new' contacts, as at 32 and 33, thus extinguishing the white lights 26 and 27 and operating additional lights 34 and 35, which may be colored .to denote front and rear, said lights 34 and 35 being fed from the same battery as those by which the white lights aforesaid are supplied. The light 34, for example, might be a red light and the light 35 a green light.

Thus when no signal is being received from .either direction the white lights to indicate the front and rear are in operation, showing Should a signal be received from the front, the white light 26 is extinguished and the red light is thrown into circuit. Likewise should no signal be received from the rear the white light 27 is in circuit; but should a signal be received from the rear the light 27 is cut out and the green light 35 is thrown into circuit.

The transmitting mechanism is more particularly shown in Figs. 5, 6, and 9, and consists, essentially, of an induction-coil 36, operated by a battery 37 in circuit therewith, a circuit-breaker being interposed in said circuit, the circuit-breaker being of such construction as to automatically send any desired combination of Hertzian waves at regular in. tervals. The circuit-breaker is shown operated by a motor, (indicated at 38,) and consists of a rotatable shaft 39, provided with disks 40 and 41, mounted thereupon and rotatable therewith, said disk 40 having on its periphery a suitable toothed portion or projection 42,

said arms being in the primary circuit of theinduction-coil 36. Contact- plates 47 and 48 are provided to form contact with the adjacent ends of the arms 44 and 45, a switch 49 being provided whereby either of the plates 47 and 48 may be turned into circuit bymoving the switch to the corresponding contacts 50 and 51. The arms 44 45 are also provided with contact-points 52 and 53, which when said arms are tilted form contact with the corresponding plates 47 and 48. The arms 44 and 45 arc actuated by the rotation of the adjacent disks 40 and 41. Thus, for example, when the projection 42 of the. disk 40 strikes the adjacent end of the arm 44 said arm is tilted and a contact is formed with the corresponding plate .47. So, also, when one of the projections 43 strikes the adjacent end of the arm 45 said arm is tilted, forming contact with the plate 48. 3 Obviously the arm 45 will be tilted three times, making and breaking corresponding contacts with the plate 48. will be evident that if it be desired to throw either one of the combinations of signals into circuit-by the rotation of the disks 40 and 41 it can be done by correspondingly adjusting the switch 49. In this manner, for example, the operation of the arm 44 by-the disk 40 might be understood to signify that the train sending forth the signal is going in a certain direction, while the combination of signals made by the rotation of the disk 41 might be understood to indicate that the train was traveling in the opposite direction. Upon the closing of these contacts 52 and 53 the circuit is closed through the primary winding of the induction-coil, thus causing an induced current in the secondary winding and the passage of'a spark between the terminals 54 and 55. At every passage of this spark between the terminals a Hertzian wave is sent forth in all directions, and any receiver within a given distance of the transmitter is affected by waves emitted from the transmitter and will indicate the direction from which this wave is received in the manner heretofore described. The light 56 is in parallel across the terminalsof the primary induction-coil and operates at every contact formed by the circuit-breaker. This light is to show that the circuit-breaker is operated each time the contact is closed, the circuit being thus closed through the light, and thereby flashing it. By this means the engineer on a locomotive can tell whether the transmitting apparatus is properly working. The entiretransmittingmechanismmust, with the exception of the terminals and the lights,

be inclosed within a covering of wire netting or gauze, as shown.

In Fig. 6 is shown a front elevation of the signal-box 57 in which is inclosed the motor engineer as he occupies his accustomed seat.-

1' have shownthe transmitting mechanism actuated by the motor 38, but I would have it understood that the transmitting mechanism might be operated in any suitable manner or by any suitable means, asby clockwork, for example. It'willbe understood that if a motor 88 be employed it may be connected with any suitable source of electrical supply.

The operation of the various features of my invention will now readily be understood and is as follows: For transmitting signals either upon vessel, a locomotive, or otherwise, where signals alone are desired .to be used, the transmitting mechanism is designed to be in constant and automatic operation, giving out'continuously a definite series of Hertzian waves, the particular kind of signals being governed by the circuit-breaking mechanism. Ido not, however, limit myself to any specific circuit-breaking mechanism, my invention including within its scope any suitable mechanism for causing a desired system of signals. My invention contemplates a different series of signals to be given out by the transmittingmechanism under the control of the operator, so that one system of signals may be caused, for example, by a transmitter carried by a locomotive running in one direction, while a different system of signals may be caused by the transmitting mechanism upon a locomotive running in the opposite direction, these systems being under the control of the engineer through the switch 49. In this matter the rules of theroad might direct one particular system of signals to be employed upon a locomotive running northward, for example, and another system of signals to be employed upon locomotives running southward, so that when the signals are received by the receiving mechanism of another engine the engineer can readily tell in which direction the corresponding engine is running. Supposing an engineer to be leaving the yard to go in a certain direction, he adjusts his switch *9 accordingly and he pays no further attention to the transmitting mechanism, as he is constantly kept informed that his mechanism is operating by means of the white light 56 flashing at regular intervals. If, for instance, his trip is northward,

he would move the switch 49 to the eontact' point 50. This being done, it would throw into operation the disk 40, thereby closing the contact 53 at regular intervals. At each closingof the contact 53 the circuit is closed through the primary of the induction-coil at regularintervals, thereby causing a single spark to pass between the secondary terminals 54c and55 of the induction-coil 36. -At each passage of this spark a Hertzian wave is formed, which from its character travels in all directions from the point of origination. Also at each closing of the contact 53 the circuit is closed in which is located the light 56, thereby flashing the light at every spark passed between the terminals and constantly notifying the engineer that his transmitting apparatus is working properly. If now while running in this northward direction he should approach another train in front of him and going in the same direction, the corresponding receiverof the other engine for instance, the receiver designated at b, Fig. 9would be affected. Upon the reception of the wave at this receiver the circuit is closed through the corresponding coherer p, which in turn actuates the corresponding relay (1, drawing over the relay-tongue a and closing the contact through the retarding-circuit and the signaleircuit. The retarding-circuit being closed, the core y is drawn within the corresponding solenoid and coming into contact with the contact-plate 18 the tapping-solenoid is actuated. Immediately upon this tapping-solenoid being actuated the tapping-core 19 is drawn Within it, thereby striking the coherer, and decohering it breaks the circuit, and the relay-tongue flies baekto its original position. While contact may be made direct with the tapping-solenoid by means of the relay-tongue, it is found in so doing the decoherence of the coherer is effected too rapidly and the. signaling-circuit is not given timeto properly perform its functions. In order to appreciably lengthen the time of contact, the retarding-coil c, as'above, is introduced, which by means of its peculiar action takes an appreciable length of time to operate, and so delays the closing of the tapping-circuit, thus giving time for afull and perfect contact in the signalingcireuit. At the same time that the relay-tongue s is operating the retarding and tapping circuits it makes a contact through a with the signalingcircuit, in which circuit is situated the annunciator and the alarm-bell. The annunciator is so arranged that upon the face of it there are two divisions, front and rear. In each of thesedivisions is a white light,which burns constantly as long as no signal is being received. The contact through which this white light is operated is at 28, which contact is closed by means of the rocking armature 30. Immediatel y upon the signal ing-circuit being actuated draws over the armature the clectromagnet 23 IOC IIO

. and opens the contact 28, thereby cutting out the white light and closing the contact 32,

informed by the white lights in the annunciator. Immediately,however, upon a signal being received from an approaching locomotive the corresponding front or rear light is extinguished and the red or green light is' thrown into circuit, as the case maybe. It is understood that in constructing this apparatus the transmitting mechanism and connections should be carefully segregated by inclosing them in appropriate envelops, as by means of wire netting or gauze, for example, as already described, with the exception of the light 56 and the transmitting- terminals 54 and 55, which should be free and capable of transmitting waves in all directions. Also all parts of the receiving mechanism and connections should be similarly inclosed, with the exception of the coherers, which should be open or exposed in the direction from which it is desired to receive a'signal. Similar results, it will be understood, would be attained where vessels are thus equipped. Within the scope of my invention also receivers may be located at all cross-roads and railway-stations to indicate to the station or to passers-by the approach of the trains, said receivers at such locations being provided with any suitable danger-signals actuated thereby. W ithin the scope of my invention also transmitters may be located in the caboose of freight-trains, for example, whereby the engineer of the train would at once be notified .if his train should break in two.

While I have shown in Fig. 1, for example, certain relations of the mechanisms, I would have it understood that I do not limit myself to any particular relations of the various elements embodied in my invention. The assemblage of mechanisms illustrated in Fig. 1 will be a convenient arrangement for the application of my invention to vessels; but I do not limitinyself thereto, the said figure being introduced more particularly to show the method of segregating the transmitting from the receiving mechanisms and the receiving mechanisms one from the other.

From the foregoing description it will be understood that the direction in which another train may be is indicated by the color of the light, and the direction in which it is moving, whether north or south, is indicated by the character of the intervals of the flashing of the lights or the ringing of the bells. For instance, one ring and one flash of the light at regular intervals'might be made to mean that the train was moving northward ,and three rings, with the corresponding three flashes of the light, would mean that the train was moving southward. In this Way the engineer can tell both whether the train is in located may be called a signal-circuit. The

circuit operated by the relay in which the retarding-coil is situated may becalled the retarding-circuit, and the circuit operated by the retarding-coil in-which the tapper is located may be called the tapping-circuit.

What I claim as my invention is i 1. The combination with a Hertzian-wave receiver, of an electrical circuit through said receiver, a relay actuated by the circuit through the receiver, a signal-circuit actuated by the relay-circuit, and variable signal-lights in the same signal-circuit- 2. The combination with a Hertzian-wave receiver, of an electrical circuit through said receiver, a relay-circuit actuated by the circuit through the receiver, a signal-circuit actuated by the relay-circuit, and differing signal-lights in the signal-circuit to indicate the .direction from which an electrical impulse vcomprising a plurality of receiving-circuits, a

plurality of relay-circuits, a single signal-circuit, and plural signals in .the signal-circuit.

5. A Hertzian-wave-receiving apparatus comprising a plurality of receiving-circuits, a plurality of relay-circuits, and a single signalcircuit, said single signal-circuit actuated by any one of the relay-circuits.

6. A HertZian-wave-receiving apparatus comprising plural receiving-circuits, plural relay-circuits, a single signal-circuit actuated by any one of the relay-circuits, and variable signals in the signal-circuit.

7. A Hertzian-wave-receiving apparatus comprising plural receiving-circuits, plural relay-circuits, plural retarding-circuits,plural tapping-circuits, and a single signal-circuit.

8. The combination with-a Hertzian-wave receiver of an electrical circuit through said receiver, a relay-circuit actuated by the cir-- cuit through the receiver, a signal-circuit actuated by the relay-circuit, and means to give diflering signals in said signal-circuit whereby the diifering signals will be cut in or outv of the signal-circuit upon the reception of a Hertzian-wave impulse.

9. The combination with a Hertzian-wave receiver of an electrical circuit through said receiver, a relay-circuit actuated by the circuit through the receiver, a signalcircuit, variable signallights in the same signal eircuit, and a signal-bell in the relay-circuit.

10. The combination with plural Hcrtzianwave receivers of' a receiving-circuit through each of said receivers, relay-circuits actuated, respectively, by the corresponding receivingcircuit, a signal actuated by each of' said relay-circuits, and screens to electrically segregate each of said receivers.

11. The combination with plural llertzianwave receivers of an electrical circuit through each of said receivers, relay-circuits actuated, respectively, by the corresponding receivingeircuits, a signal-circuit, a danger-signal in the signal-circuit actuated by each of the relay-circuits, and metal screens to electrically segregate and shield each of said receivers.

12. The combination with plural Hertzianwave receivers of an electrical circuit through each of said receivers, relay-circuits actuated, respectively, by the receiving-circuits, a signal-circuit, variable dangersignals in the signal-circuit actuated by each of said relay-circuits, and screens to electrically segregate and shield each of said receivers.

' 13. The combination with a transmitter constructed to transmit Hertzian waves simultaneously in plural directions, of plural Hertzian wave receivers, anelectrical circuit through each of said receivers, a relay-circuit actuated by the circuit through the receiver, a signal-circuit actuated .by the relay-circuit, and means to electrically segregate said rcceivers from said transmitter.

14. The combination with a Hertzian-wave receiver, of an electrical circuit through said receiver, a tapping device to vibrate said receiver, and means to increase the time constant of the tapping device.

15. The combination with a HertZian-wave receiver, of an electrical circuit through said receiver, a'relaycircuit actuated by the circuit through the receiver, a tapping device to vibrate the receiver, and a hollow solenoid actuated by the relay-circuit to retard the action of the tapping device.

16. The combination with plural Hertzianwave receivers arranged tosinmltaneously receive electric impulses from different directions, of a signal to make the direction of said impulses known.

17. The combination with plural l'lertzianwave receivers arranged to simultaneously receive electric impulses indepemlently the one of' the other from different directions, and a signal whereby each receiver may make its impulses known.

18. The combination with plural Hertzianwave receivers arranged to simultaneously receive electrical impulses independently the receiver may make its impulses known.

21. In combination apparatus for simultaneously transmitting and receiving electric impulses or Hertzian waves simultaneously from different directions, and means for segregating the impulses received from different directions at the same location or station.

22. In combination apparatus for simultaneously transmitting and receiving electric impulses or -Hertzian waves simultaneously from different directions, means for segregatmg the impulses received from different d1rections at the same location or station, and signals to make the direction of the segregated impulses known.

23. The combination with plural liertzianwave receivers arranged to simultaneously receive electric impulses from different directions, of a signal-circuit actuated by both of said receivers, and differing signals in the signal-circuit to make the direction of said impulses known.

24. The combination with plural Hertzianwave receivers arranged to simultanegmsly receive electric impulses from different directions, plural relay-circuits actuated by said receivers respectively, asignal-circuit actuated by each of the relay-circuits, and differing signals in the signal-circuit to make the direction of said impulses known.

25. The combination of plural Hertzianwave receivers arranged to receive electric impulses independently from different directions, plural relay-circuits actuated by the receivers respectively, acommon signal-circuit actuated by each of the relay-circuits, differing signals in the signal-circuit to make the direction of said impulses known, a transmitter, a support for the receivers and transmitter, and means to segregate the impulses of the transmitter from the receivers.

26. The combination with pluralllertzianwave receivers arranged to receive electric impulses indepemlently the one from the other from different directions, relay-circuits actuated by the receivers respectively, retardingcircuits actuated by said relay-circuits respectively, tapping-circuits actuated by the retarding-circuits respectivcly,a eonunon signz'il-circuit actuated by each of the relay-circuits, and differing signals in th signal-circuit to make the directions of said impulses known:

27. In combination apparatusfortransmitting Hcrtzian waves in different directions,

cuit actuated by each of said receivers, and means 111 the signal-circuit whereby a clear 28. The combination with plural Hertzianwave receivers adapted for railroad dangersignaling without ground connections, of a signal-circuit actuated by each of said receivers, and means in the signal-circuit whereby a clear track in any given direction is indicated.

29. The combination with plural Hertzianwave receivers adapted for railroad dangersignaling wi-thout utilizing the track as a ground or part of the circuit, of a signal-cirtrack in any given direction is indicated.

30. The combination with plural Hertzianwave receivers adapted for railroad dangersignaling without ground connections, of a signal-circuit actuated by each of said receivers, and means in the signal-circuit whereby danger-signals may be received from either front or rear, and whereby the direction of the danger may be indicated.

31. The combination with plural receivers for electrical impulses or Hertzian waves adapted for railroad danger-signaling without ground connections, of a signal-circuit actuated by each of said receivers, a clear signal and a danger-signal in said signal circuit, and means for cutting out the clear signal and cutting in the danger-signal when an electrical impulse is received by the corresponding receiver.

32. The combination with a Hertzian-wavereceiving apparatus adapted for railroad danger-signaling without ground connections, of an annunciator, said annunciator provided with means to simultaneously indicate a normally clear track in front and rear when no -Hertzian\vave impulse is received, and with means to indicate the direction of danger when a Hertzian-wave impulse is received.

The combination with a Hertzian-wavereceiving apparatus adapted for railroad danger-signaling without ground connections, of an annuneiator provided with a safety-signal to indicate a normally clear track when no HertZian-wave impulse is received and with a danger-signal to indicate danger when a Hertzian-wave impulse is received, means to cut out the safety-signal and to cut in the danger-signal when a Hertzian-wave impulse is received.

34. The combination with a Hertzian-wavereceiving apparatus adapted for railroad danger-signaling without ground connections, of an annunciator, s'aid annunciator provided with means to simultaneously indicate a normally clear track in front and rear when no Hertzian-wave impulse is received, and with means to indicate the direction of danger when Hertzian-wave impulses are simultaneously received from the front and rear.

35. The combination with a Hertzian-wave transmitter of circuit-breaking mechanism in electrical circuit with the primary of the transmitter adapted to give varying signals, and a signal whereby the action of the circuitbreaker may'be known.

36. In a wireless receiving and transmitting apparatus a Hertzian-wave transmitter, means whereby the transmitter will automatically give varying signals, means to denote the operation of the transmitter, a plurality of Hertzian-Wavereceiving mechanisms. means to protect the receiving mechanisms from the influence of the transmitter, means to retard the action of the receiving mechanisms, a safety device for indicating that no Hertzian-wave impulses are being received, a danger device whereby the actuation of any of said receivers is indicated, means to cut out the safety device and to cut in the danger device on the reception by any receiver of a Hertzian-wave impulse, said apparatus constructed to indicate the direction from which such an impulse is received without ground connections, and a danger-signaling apparatus adapted to simultaneously send and receive Hertzian-wave impulses from any direction.

37. A danger-signaling apparatus adapted to simultaneously send and to receive Hertzian-wave impulses from different directions, andto indicate the direction from which a given impulse is received.

38. The combination with a Hertzian-wave receiver comprising an electrical circuit through said receiver, of a relay-circuit actuated by the circuit through the receiver, aretardingcircuit actuated by the relay-circuit, a tapping-circuit actuated by the retardingeircuit, and a tapping device in the tappingcircuit to vibrate the receiver, said retardingcircuit arranged to retard the action of the receiving-circuit, and the action of the tapping device.

39. The combination with Hertzian-wave receivers without ground connections, of electrical circuits through each receiver, a signalcircuit, electric magnets in said signal-circuit, variable signals operated by the signal-circuit, and means actuated by each of said magnets to cut out and to cut in either of said signals.

40. In combination a transmitter for transmitting electric impulses or Hertzian waves, a plurality of Hertzianwave receivers arranged to simultaneously receive electrical impulses from different directions, and means to electrically segregate said transmitter and receivers at the same location or station, said receivers and transmitter arranged to act simultaneously.

41. In combination a transmitter for transmitting Hertzian waves simultaneously in dif- IIO different directions at the same location or station.

42. A wireless receiving and transmitting apparatus comprislng means fOP'SlIIlIlltttHG- ously transmitting signals by Hertzian waves in different directions, means for simultaneously receiving signals by Hertzian waves from different directions, andmeans whereby the direction from which a signal is received may be indicated.

43 A wireless receiving and transmitting apparatus comprising means for "simultaneouslytransmitting signals by Hertzian waves "in different directions, means for simultanesame station.

ously receiving signals by Hertzian Waves from different directions, and means whereby the direction from Which a signal is 'received may be indicated, the transmitting apparatus and the receiving apparatus arranged to simultaneously transmit. and receive signals atsthe 44. A wireless receiving and transmitting apparatus comprising means for simultaneously transmitting a plurality of signals by Hertzian waves in different directions, means for simultaneously receiving a plurality of signals by Hertzian waves from different directions, means to segregate said impulses from different directions, and means to indicate the direction from which any electric impulse is received, said transmitting and receiving apparatus arranged to simultaneously transmit and receive signals from difierent directions.

45. The combination with plural Hertzianwave receivers, of a receiving-circuit through each of said receivers, relay-circuits actuated, respectively, by the corresponding receivingcircuit, a signal actuated by each of said relay-circuits and means to electrically segregate each of said receivers, the one from the other. 7 v

46. The combination with plural Hertzia'nwavereeeivers arranged to simultaneously receive electric impulses from different directions, of a'common signal-circuit actuated by either or both of said receivers, anddifferiug signals in the signal-circuit to make the direction of said impulses known.

Intestimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence'of two subscribing witnesses. FRANCIS J. GREEN.

Witnesses:

N. S. WRIGHT, O. B. BAENZIGER.

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