US755686A - Stamping apparatus for crushing ores, &c. - Google Patents

Description

'No. 755,686. A A I PATENTED MAR. 29, 1904.- D. B. MORISON.

STAMPING APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING ORES, 8w.

APPLICATION F ILED JULY 6. 1900.

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PATENTED'MAR. 29, 1904.

. I D. B. MORISON.

STAMPING APPARATUS FOR GRUSHINGDRES, &0.

APPLICATION FILED JULY 6, 1900.

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R0 MODEL.

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No. 755,686. A. PATENTBDMAR.29,1904- 'D. B. MORISON. v

STAMPING APPARATUS FOR GRUSHING ORES, &0.

APPLICATION FjILED JULY 6; 1900.

N0 IODEL. 4 MEETS-SHEET}.

UNITED ST TES Patented. March 29, 1904.

PATENT ()FFICE.

STAMPING APPARATUS FOR CRUSHING ORES, 800.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 755,686, dated March 29, 1904.

Y Application filed July 6,1990. Serial No. 22,695. (No model.)

To all whmn it may concern.-

Be it known that I, DONALD BARNS Monr- SON, a subject of theQu'een of- Great Britain and. Ireland, residing at Hartlepool, in the county of Durham, England, have invented Improvements in Stamping Apparatus Suitable for Crushing Ores and .for other Purposes, of which the following is a specification.

This invention has reference to stamping apparatus (such as mills for crushing ores and other substances, stamp-hammers, and like apparatus) of the kindin which the stamp-heads are lifted by means of the rising movement of positively-driven parts communicated to the stamp-heads through the medium of bodies of liquid, as described in the specification of former Letters Patent, No. 591,560, granted to me. The liquid insuch a stamping apparatus is contained within cylinders beneath pistons connected to the stamp-heads, each cylinder being suspended from one of the cranks of a crank-shaft and being formed with a reservoir for the liquid, some ofwhich is caused by the relative movements of cylinder and piston to flow from the cylinder to the reservoir at a gradually-increasing velocity througha port of decreasing area during the lifting-t stroke, so as'to cushion the lift of the stamp. In such arrangements the work done in thus forcing the liquid through the port for the purpose of cushioning is lost.

Now an object of this invention is to obviate this loss as far as possible, for which purpose a hyd'ropneumatic cushioning arrangement is adopted. The elastic compressive resistance of air combined with a gradually-increasing passive resistance created by forcing water at an increasing velocity through a port of gradually-decreasing area is employed in such a manner that as the upward. acceleration of the piston and'stamp, due to the motion of the cylinder, diminishes the air reX pands and raises the'piston and stamp relatively to the cylinder through a distance corresponding to the compression and that the height of the lift due to reexpansion of the air will not be great 'enoughto interfere with the attainment under the action of gravity of the required number of drops per minute as would be the case if air alone were used as the cushioning medium.

' My invention also has reference to other improvements hereinafter described, and set forth in the claims.

Theaccompanying drawings illustrate, by way of example, a five-stamp battery for crushing ores with my improvements embodied therein, Figure l-being a front elevation and Fig. 2 a sectional end View of the battery. Fig. 3 is a plan, to an enlarged scale, of one of the positively-driven cylinders with the cover removed. I Figs. at and 5 are vertical sections taken, respectively, on the lines A A and B B of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line C C, Fig. 4; and Figs. 7 to 13 are detail views hereinafter referred to.

cm are the lifting-cylinders, similar to those used in my previous specification, each of which is formed with sleeves 6, working on guide-rods c, and has bolted to it a cover (Z. formed with lugs a, to which a gudgeon-pinf connects the bottom end of a connecting-rod whose upper end is attached to one of the cranks of the driving-shaft g.

h is the chamber or reservoir for liquid and surrounds the cylinder at and communicating freely with the upper part thereof and with the lower part thereof througha port 6. There may be, several ports at or about the samev level instead of a-single port '5, asshown.

'is the piston connectedto the stamp-head k. In communication with the cylinder at there is in the present arrangement an air vessel Z, the port at leading to which is preferably below the port 11. When astamp-shoe is is resting upon the die 0 and its cylinder (0 is at the bottom of its stroke, the port dis open and the lower portion of the cylinder is filled with liquid. Then the cylinder ascends, the water displaced by the relative motion of the cylinder and piston is forced partly through the port 2' and partly into the vessel Z, the air in which reduces shock. The effective area of the port i will be gradually decreased by the piston, the pressure beneath which. wii'l gradually increase until it becomes su-fficient to raise the stamp, at which'time the velocity of the cylinder will be moderate. Ordinarily the piston will close the port 2' just before the stamp is raised. The cylinder, carrying the stamp with it, continues to ascend at a velocity which increases up to about mid-stroke and gradually diminishes from that point to the top of the stroke. The pressure which has been established in the air vessel is that due to the maximum accelerating force exerted by the cylinder through the liquid upon the piston, which occurs at the point of pickup, and as the acceleration decreases the air reexpands and does work upon the piston by raising it relatively to the cylinder. Thus a portion of the work done in cushioning is rendered effective in raising the stamp; but the quantity of the air and the degree to which it is compressed are not so great as to cause such an increase in the lift as to preclude the stamp falling by gravity alone the required number of times per minute. Moreover, a comparatively slack piston without packing-rings can be employed without resulting losses, because the air vessel is always water sealed, and should any water leak past the piston no further loss would be incurred than if it had passed through the port.

To maintain sufficient liquid in the cylinders a notwithstanding leakage, liquid may be slowly and continuously circulated through the reservoirs-for example, by means of a small pump (not shown)the discharge side of which is connected to a supply vessel 1), which may be formed in or as part of the entablature or frame in which the crank-shaft g is mounted. The liquid flows thence into reservoir /1/ of each cylinder through loosely-fitting telescopic tubes 9, a passage u, and a channel 6, that is connected with the lower portion of the reservoir 7L, through a passage o. The liquid overflows from each reservoir 71 through a passage or port a: into a passage w and thence through other telescopic tubes 7' into a discharge vessel 8, formed in or aspart of a lower member of the frame which supports the guiderods 0. As each tube (1 communicates with the lower part of its respective reservoir it instead of with the upper part, the air displaced during each downward stroke from the air-space of the cylinder into that of its reservoir (owing to the displacement of liquid by the piston-rod) cannot reach and escape through the su pply-tube and carry liquid out with it, the flow of liquid into the reservoirs will be prevented from being disturbed, and the necessity for packing-glands which would prevent the telescopic tubes moving freely is obviated. To minimize increase in pressure of the air in the air-spaces of the cylinder at and reservoir h, an air-escape hole 2 establishes communication between the upper portion of the cylinder (6 and the overflowchannel w. Thus there is no air-cushion above the piston. The passage t is preferably cast in one with each cylinder. The passage t terminates below the normal level of the liquid in the reservoir lb. The upper part of this channel is in communication with the inlettube'q through the passage 20, and the lower portions of the channel 15 and reservoir [L are connected by the passage '0. w is another channel, into which liquid overflows from the reservoir through a passage or port 00, which which may be controlled by a valve y. The liquid passes from the channel w through the telescopic tube 7' to the vessel 8.

Zis a passage between the cylinder (1 and the channel w, through the external wall of which a soft-metal tube 2 is screwed, as shown in Fig. 4:. The tube 2 is formed with an aperture 3, and its inner end is formed with an internal seatA, against which a plug 5 is screwed. Should an upwardly-moving cylinder meet a downwardly-moving head and an excessive pressure be thus caused in the cylinder a, the soft-metal tube 2 will be forced out of its position and the pressure relieved. The plug 5 may be screwed back when it is desired to drain the cylinder, so as to enable the stamp to rest on the die without the motion of the cylinder being interfered with. Instead of the tube 2 and .plug 5 a safety-plug, consisting of a diaphragm held in position by a nut, may be employed, the nut being screwed into the wall of the cylinder and so arranged that an excessive increase of pressure ruptures the diaphragm, and thereby relieves the pressure in the cylinder.

The axis of the shaft g is, as shown in Fig. 2, placed in such a vertical plane relatively to the vertical plane containing the axes of the several cylinders a that at the commencement of the lift or upward stroke of each stamphead the rod connecting the cylinder thereof with the crank will be in a vertical or approximately vertical attitude. By this arrangement at the particular point at which the stamp-head commences to be lifted angular thrust on the guides c is practically eliminated and even during the remainder of the lifting stroke is less than would be the case if the axis of the shaft 9 were in the vertical plane containing the axes of the cylinders a.

To enable the stamp-head to be held at the top of its stroke without stopping the motion of the cylinder, above the central guide 6 and on one or both sides of each stamp-stem 7 I arrange a holder, which in one form, Figs. 7 and 8, comprises a metal block 8 of less width at the bottom than at the top, suitably supported in a frame 8 in proximity to the stem.

9 is an adjusting screw or key, whereby the block 8 can be forced toward the stem, so as to bring its upper edge into contact therewith, when upon the upward movement of the stem the block will be tilted and the stem be free to move up, while on the stem moving downwardly the block will act after the manner of a toggle and jam the stem. The cylinder is of such a length that when the cylinder-head is in its lowermost position it will be above the piston when the stamp-head is held up.

In order to compensate for the wearing away of the shoes and dies, each stem 7 is divided into two parts connected by an adjusting-sleeve 10, one end of which is provided with a tapered socket 11, which receives the end of one portion of the stem. I

11 is a keyway, through the upper part of which a key can be inserted. and passed through a slot in the stem end for the purpose of drawing the stem 7 into the tapered socket 11. A wedge inserted through the lower part of the keyway may be used for forcing the stem out of the sleeve when desired. The other portion of the stem fits into the sleeve telescopically, and the stem is held firmly in the sleeve by a gib 12 and keys 13 in such wise that it can be quickly released to admit of rapid adjustment. To prevent the adjustment becoming accidentally altered, the stem is formed at a suitable distance from its upper end with a collar 14, between which and the bottom of the sleeve 10 interlocking horseshoe-shaped washers 15 are inserted. These washers are in one arrangement formed with downwardly-extending end portions 16 and with recesses 17, so that by arranging them oppositely one above the other around the stem the portions 16 of one will engage with recessed portions of that below it and prevent accidental dislodgement, as a washer cannot be withdrawn until the sleeve has been raised. The collar 14 may also be formed with recesses 17 to receive the portions 16 of the lowermost washer. Preferably the washers are about half an inch thick, so that by the disconnection of the parts of the stem and the insertion of each additional washer each half an inch of wear of shoe and die is readily compensated for, not only as regards the relative position of the piston and. the die-face, but also as regards the reduction in the total weight of the stamp caused by the wearing away of the shoe.

For the purpose of keeping the stampheads slowly turning in one direction, so that the faces of the shoes and dies may be maintamed approxlmately even, turning mechanism 1s arranged at a convenient distance from each stem 7 and the motion communicated thereto by a band, rope, or other flexible connector. In the arrangement illustrated (see particularly Figs. 12 and 13, which are respectively a side elevation and a front elevational view of the turninggear,) the adjustment-sleeve 10 is formed with a V-groove 18, adapted to receive an endless rope 19, which also passes around a grooved pulley 20, arranged in aplane at right angles thereto and provided with a ratchet-wheel 21. The pul,

ley 20 is carried by one arm of a bell-crank lever 22, the other arm of which is suitably loaded for the purpose of maintaining tension in the rope. This bell-crank lever is pivoted upon a suspension-shaft 23, so as to-be capable of turning freely thereon, and an'arm 24., carrying a weighted pawl 25, engaging with the ratchet-wheel 21, is fixed to said shaft. During the fall of the stamp the lever 22 is .free to swing about the shaft 23, and the pulley 20 is free to turn about its own axis, and therefore there will be no tendency to turn the stamp-stem 7 about it axis; but on the lift of the stamp the pulley 20 is prevented from turning about its axis by the pawl 25, and as the motion of the sleeve relatively to the pul ley 20 tends to cause a difference in the lengths of the two sides of the rope'a transfer of rope consequently takes place, the stampstem being turned thereby. As will be understood, the turning of the stamp-head may be obtained during the downstroke instead of the upstroke of the stamp-head, as may be desired, the turning mechanism being arranged accordingly. In some cases the weighted pawl may-be mounted direct on the suspension-shaft.

In carrying out my invention the details can be varied to suit circumstances and, as will be evident, some of my improvements may be used without the others.

What I claim is 1. Stamping apparatus comprising a gravity-stam p, lifting means for same, including a cylinder, a liquid-cushioned piston and an airchamber, closed except for free connection with the liquid cushion, as set forth.

2. Stamping apparatus comprising a gravity-stamp, lifting means for same, including a cylinder, a liquid-cushioned piston and an airchamber, in free connection with the liquid cushion, as setforth.

3. In stamping apparatus, the combination of a gravity-stamp, a positively-reciprocated lifting-cylinder, a piston connected to the stamp-head and located in said cylinder, a liquid-containing chamber communicating with the cylinder-space beneath the, piston and a closed air vessel which also communicates with the cylinder-space beneath said piston but not withthe cylinder-space above it and is sealed by the liquid, as set forth.

4. In stamping apparatus, the combination of a gravity-stamp, a positively-reciprocated cylinder, a piston connected to the stamp-head and located in said cylinder, a liquid-containing chamber, a port between said chamber and the cylinder-space beneath the piston, and an air vessel which communicates with said cylinder-space through another port at a lower level than the first-mentioned port, as set forth.

5. In gravity stamping apparatus, the combination with the positively-reciprocated cylinder, of a liquid-containing chamber formed around said cylinder and communicating with its lower part, a liquid-supply channel that containing chamber, and an air vessel com municating with the cylinder only below the communication between 1t and the liquid-containing chamber, as set forth.

6. In gravity stamping apparatus, the combination with the positively-reciprocated cylinder, of a liquid-containing chamber formed around said cylinder and communicating freely with the upper part thereof and with the lower part thereof through a port, a liquid-upply channel that communicates with the lower part of the liquid-containing chamber, a discharge-channel that communicates with the upper part of the liquid-containing chamber and an air vessel communicating with the cylinder only below the communication between it and the liquid-containing chamber, as set forth.

7. In gravity stamping apparatus of the kind referred to, the combination of a positively-reciprocated cylinder, a piston connected to the stamp-head and located in said cylinder, a liquid-containing chamber communicating with the cylinder-space beneath said piston, a discharge-passage communicating with the upper part of said chamber, a port betweenthe lower parts of said cylinder and passage, a pressure-relieving soft-metal tube connecting said port with said passage and the exterior of the apparatus and a drain-plug adapted to close communication through said soft-metal tube between said passage and the cylinder and the exterior of the apparatus, as and for the purpose specified.

8. In stamping apparatus, the combination of a stamp-stem formed in two parts, an adjusting-sleeve into which one part fits telescopically, means for fixing said part in the desired position in the sleeve and a tapered socket formed in said sleeve into which the other part tightly fits as and for the purpose specified.

9. In stamping apparatus, the combination of a stamp-stem formed in two parts, an adjusting-sleeve into which one part fits telescopically, a gib and keys for fixing said part .in the desired position in said sleeve and a tapered socket formed in said sleeve into which the other part tightly fits, as and for the purpose specified.

10. In stamping apparatus, the combination of a stamp-stemin two parts, one of which is formed with a collar, a sleeve into which the part with the collar fits telescopically, means for securing said part in the desired position in the sleeve, washers arranged between the collar and sleeve and adapted to prevent the adjustment becoming accidentally altered and to compensate for the loss of Weight of the stamp-head due to wear of its shoe, and means for fixing the other part of said stem to said sleeve, as set forth.

11. In stamping apparatus the combination with an adjustable stamp-stem formed in two parts one of which is formed with a collar, a sleeve into which the part with the collar fits telescopically, means for securing said part in the desired position in the sleeve, washers of horseshoe shape arranged between the collar and sleeve and having recesses and projections which are adapted to interlock, and means for fixing the other part to said sleeve, as and for the purposes specified.

12. In stamping apparatus, the combination with a stamp-stem of means for holding the same in its raised position comprising a block of less width at the bottom than at the top, means for supporting said block adjacent to said stem but leaving it free to tilt, and means for moving said block so that its wide part comes into contact with the stem and for holding said block in that position but allowing it to tilt, as set forth.

13. In stamping apparatus of the kind re ferred to, the combination of a stamp-stem, a pulley whose axis is at an angle/to that of the stem and which is free to turn in one direction only and a flexible part passing around said stem and pulley and adapted to impart to the pulley a turning movement when the stem moves longitudinally in one direction and to impart aturning movementtothe stem itself when it moves longitudinally in the other, as set forth.

14. In stamping apparatus, the combination of a stamp-stem, a pulley whose axis is at right angles to said stem, an endless band encircling said stem and pulley, a ratchet-wheel connected to said pulley, a weighted bellcrank lever carrying said pulley and ratchetwheel and a pawl adapted to engage said ratchet-wheel, as set forth.

Signed at- West Hartlepool, in the county of Durham, England, this 29th day of May,-

DONALD BARNS MORISON.

Witnesses:

T. STROVER, T. HARRY TILLY.

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