US7534107B2 - Inoculation training kit - Google Patents
Inoculation training kit Download PDFInfo
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- US7534107B2 US7534107B2 US10/552,883 US55288305A US7534107B2 US 7534107 B2 US7534107 B2 US 7534107B2 US 55288305 A US55288305 A US 55288305A US 7534107 B2 US7534107 B2 US 7534107B2
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- simulated
- body part
- blood
- inoculation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/285—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine for injections, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, sigmoidscopy, insertion of contraceptive devices or enemas
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/28—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for medicine
- G09B23/30—Anatomical models
- G09B23/34—Anatomical models with removable parts
Definitions
- This invention relates generally to medical inoculations and, more particularly, to an inoculation training kit.
- Smallpox was essentially eradicated by 1977 through a comprehensive global immunization program. Therefore, smallpox vaccinations were globally terminated in 1977. As a result, people born after 1977 are unlikely to have been vaccinated against smallpox, and those vaccinated in 1977 or prior are unlikely to still be protected against the smallpox virus. Though smallpox was eradicated from the worldwide human population, smallpox virus samples still exist in various laboratories worldwide.
- a smallpox vaccination is administered using a bifurcated needle to administer the vaccination intradermally, unlike the more typical type of vaccination administered using a hypodermic needle in an intramuscular injection.
- intradermal technique it is important to administer the vaccination at the correct depth into the skin of a patient, and also to be familiar with characteristics of scarification that occur days after the vaccination to determine if the vaccination was properly administered and to determine if the patient had the proper reaction.
- health care workers have not used intradermal techniques since 1977 to administer smallpox vaccinations, it is possible that, if the need arises to rapidly perform smallpox vaccinations, the health care workers will not be able to properly administer the smallpox vaccinations and will not be able to properly interpret the resulting scarification.
- the smallpox vaccine uses live vacinia virus (similar to cowpox) to induce immunity to variola virus (smallpox). Therefore, when administering a smallpox vaccination, it is desirable to reduce or eliminate contamination of other people with the vacinia virus. Methods practiced decades ago to administer smallpox vaccinations were suitable for the elimination of contamination to the other people. It is possible that health care workers have not been trained in the techniques necessary to eliminate the contamination to other people by the vacinia virus.
- the present invention provides an inoculation training kit suitable to train health care workers in proper techniques used in an intradermal smallpox inoculation. While the training kit is discussed for training proper techniques used in the smallpox inoculation, it should be understood that, in other embodiments, an inoculation kit can provide training in proper techniques used in other types of inoculations, including but not limited to, intramuscular injections.
- an inoculation training kit includes a holding container for holding an inoculation needle and a simulated body part.
- the simulated body part provides a substantially realistic sensory feedback associated with practice inoculations applied with the inoculation needle to the simulated body part.
- a simulated body part includes a simulated skin covering and a blood container disposed within the simulated skin covering containing simulated blood.
- the simulated body part provides a substantially realistic sensory feedback associated with practice inoculations applied to the simulated body part.
- a holding apparatus in accordance with another aspect of the present invention includes at least one compartment adapted to hold a vial of vaccine in an upright position, while exposing an end of the vial to be accessible to an inoculation needle.
- the holding apparatus also includes at least one compartment adapted to hold a vial of vaccine at an angle between about thirty and sixty degrees while exposing the end of the vial to be accessible to the inoculation needle.
- FIG. 1 is a pictorial showing a disassembled inoculation training kit of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the inoculation training kit of FIG. 1 when assembled
- FIGS. 3-3C are diagrams that together show a simulated body part, which can be a part of the inoculation training kit of FIGS. 1 and 2 ;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a cap, which can be a part of the inoculation training kit of FIGS. 1 and 2 ;
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a plurality of inoculation training kits within a shipping container along with a stand used with the inoculation training kits;
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing training materials, which can be a part of the inoculation training kit of FIGS. 1 and 2 ;
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an alternate arrangement of portions of a simulated body part, which can be a part of the inoculation training kit of FIGS. 1 and 2 ;
- FIG. 8 is a portion of the alternate arrangement of FIG. 7 ;
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an alternate arrangement of an assembled inoculation training kit.
- an exemplary disassembled inoculation training kit 10 can include and outer container 12 and an inner container 14 adapted to fit within the outer container 12 .
- the inoculation training kit 10 also includes a simulated body part 16 , which is adapted to couple to a stand 11 .
- the simulated body part 16 corresponds to an arm
- the stand 18 corresponds to a shoulder.
- a simulated body part and stand can represent other body parts.
- At least one bifurcated inoculation needle 32 is provided to allow a user to perform practice injections with the inoculation needle 32 applied to the simulated body part 16 .
- the simulated body part 16 is further described in conjunction with FIGS. 3-3C , 7 , and 8 below.
- the inoculation training kit 10 can also include a reconstitution kit having a first vial 24 a filled with powdered vaccine, a second vial 24 b filled with diluent liquid, a syringe 31 with a needle 31 of approximately twenty-one gauge, and a vented needle 31 .
- the reconstitution kit allows a user to create a simulated vial of smallpox vaccine, in the same way that would be done for a real vial of vaccine.
- the user uses the syringe 31 to draw diluent from the second vial 24 b with the needle 31 and injects the diluent with the vented needle 31 into the first vial 24 a containing the powdered vaccine.
- the vented needle 31 allows air to escape from the first vial 24 a as the diluent is injected.
- the inoculation training kit 10 can also include one or more of rubber gloves 35 , hand sanitizer 22 , gauze pads 25 , a biohazard disposal bag 28 , a surgical marker 30 , adhesive dressings 34 , a compact disc (CD) 36 , and a CD tutorial pamphlet 37 .
- the CD 36 can have audio, visual, or both audio and visual information thereon, providing instructions in proper techniques for administering the smallpox vaccination, proper appearance of the inoculation site in the days following the inoculation, and proper techniques for keeping others from becoming infected with the vaccine.
- the inoculation training kit 10 can also include at least one end cap 26 a adapted to retain the above items in the inner container 14 , during transport of the inoculation training kit. As described below in conjunction with FIG. 4 , one or more of the end caps (only 26 a shown) can have features to assist with the inoculation.
- an assembled inoculation training kit 50 corresponds to the disassembled inoculation training kit 10 of FIG. 1 .
- the inner container 14 and the simulated body part 16 are adapted to fit within the outer container 12 .
- End caps 26 a , 26 b retain one or more of the first vial 24 a ( FIG. 1 ) filled with powdered vaccine, the second vial 24 b ( FIG. 1 ) filled with diluent liquid, the syringe 31 ( FIG. 1 ) with the needle 31 and the vented needle 31 , the rubber gloves 35 ( FIG. 1 ), the hand sanitizer 22 ( FIG. 1 ), the gauze pads 25 ( FIG.
- FIG. 1 the biohazard disposal bag 28 ( FIG. 1 ), the surgical marker 30 ( FIG. 1 ), the adhesive dressings 34 ( FIG. 1 ), the compact disc (CD) 36 ( FIG. 1 ), and the CD tutorial pamphlet 37 ( FIG. 1 ) within the inner container 14 during transport.
- End caps 52 , 54 retain the inner container 14 and the simulated body part 16 within the outer container during transport.
- the stand 18 shown in FIG. 1 is separately packaged for transport as shown in conjunction with FIG. 5 below.
- a simulated body part 100 corresponds to the simulated body part 16 of FIGS. 1 and 2 .
- the simulated body part 100 includes blood containers 104 a - 104 c containing simulated blood (not shown).
- the blood containers 104 a - 104 c can be disposed between a simulated skin covering 102 and an inner core 110 .
- the blood containers 104 a - 104 c each include a respective blood bag 106 a - 106 c with a respective sponge 108 a - 108 c disposed therein containing the simulated blood.
- a small amount of the simulated blood is released from one of the sponges 108 a - 108 c through the respective blood bag 104 a - 104 c and through the simulated skin 102 .
- the small amount of simulated blood may be released only after a number of stabs with the bifurcated needle.
- the simulated skin 102 has a thickness of ranging from about twenty to forty mils and a durometer in the range of about sixty to eighty Shore A.
- the blood bags 106 a - 106 c have a wall thickness in the range of about one to three mils and a durometer in the range of about eighty to ninety-five Shore A.
- the simulated blood within the sponges 108 a - 108 c has a viscosity in the range of about one hundred to two hundred fifty cps.
- the sponges 108 a - 108 c each have a durometer in the range of about zero to ten Shore A, and a thickness in the range of about one hundred twenty to two hundred mils.
- the sponges are each capable of holding about twenty-five to forty cubic centimeters of the simulated blood.
- the inner core has a durometer in the range of about thirty to forty-five Shore A.
- the simulated skin covering 102 , the blood bags 106 a - 106 c , the sponges 108 a - 108 c , and the inner core 110 are made from a urethane material, for example polyurethane, providing life-like characteristics.
- the simulated body part 100 can also have a bore 112 to accept a shaft portion of a stand, for example, of the stand 18 of FIG. 1 , for positioning the simulated body part 100 on the stand 18 .
- the simulated body part 100 can also have one or more ferrous portions 114 a - 114 c having attraction to a magnet (not shown) associated with the stand 18 , for retaining the simulated body part 100 to the stand 18 .
- the simulated body part 100 can be retained to the stand 18 ( FIG. 1 ) in a variety of ways, including but not limited to, latches, Velcro®, and pins.
- a practice inoculation involves reconstituting a simulated vial of vaccine into the vial of powered vaccine 24 a ( FIG. 1 ) as described above in conjunction with FIG. 1 , applying fluid from the simulated vial of vaccine 24 a ( FIG. 1 ) to the bifurcated needle 32 ( FIG. 1 ) and applying one or more practice jabs with the bifurcated needle 32 to the simulated body part 100 , and in particular to the simulated skin covering 102 in the vicinity of one of the blood containers 104 a - 104 c .
- a smallpox inoculation includes about fifteen stabs with the bifurcated needle if a person to whom the inoculation is administered has never had a smallpox inoculation. To a person previously vaccinated, about three stabs are applied.
- the simulated body part 100 provides a substantially realistic sensory feedback to the user.
- the simulated body part 100 can provide a substantially realistic haptic feedback to the user, wherein the simulated body part 100 has a substantially realistic hardness and a substantially realistic elastic deformation in response to the practice inoculation.
- the simulated body part 100 can provide a substantially realistic visual feedback to the user.
- the practice inoculations tend to create one or more punctures of the simulated skin covering 102 and in one of the blood containers 104 a - 104 b containing the simulated blood. The punctures can release a small amount of the simulated blood at the location where the practice inoculation occurred.
- the simulated body part 100 can release a small amount of the simulated blood when about three practice inoculations are applied and a greater amount of the simulated blood when about fifteen practice inoculations are applied.
- the viscosity of the simulated blood, the thickness and hardness of the simulated skin covering 102 , the thickness and hardness of the blood bags 104 a - 104 c , the thickness and hardness of the sponges 108 a - 108 c , and the hardness of the inner core 110 are selected to provide the realistic sensory feedback.
- the simulated body part 100 can have other ranges of characteristics, which in some combinations provide a reduced but still effective realistic sensory feedback.
- the simulated skin 102 has a thickness of ranging from about ten to one hundred mils and a durometer in the range of about twenty to eighty Shore A.
- the blood bags 106 a - 106 c have a wall thickness in the range of about one to twenty mils and a durometer in the range of about forty to one hundred twenty Shore A.
- the simulated blood within the sponges 108 a - 108 c has a viscosity in the range of about fifty to five hundred cps.
- the sponges 108 a - 108 c each have a durometer in the range of about zero to thirty Shore A, and a thickness in the range of about sixty to four hundred mils.
- the sponges are each capable of holding about ten to eighty cubic centimeters of the simulated blood.
- the inner core has a durometer in the range of about fifteen to ninety Shore A.
- blood containers 104 a - 104 c are shown, each disposed at a relative angle of about one hundred twenty degrees from others of the blood containers 104 a - 104 c , in other embodiments, more than three or fewer than three blood containers can be used and at different relative angles.
- one blood container surrounding the inner core 110 is provided, having one blood bag and one sponge disposed therein containing the simulated blood.
- no inner core 110 is included, and the one or more blood containers 104 a - 104 c are merely disposed within the simulated skin covering 102 .
- the end cap 26 a can have at least one compartment 152 that can hold one or more of the simulated vials of vaccine 24 a ( FIG. 1 ) in a generally upright position, not subject to being spilled, when placed in the compartment 152 .
- the cap 26 a can have another compartment 150 that can hold one or more of the simulated vials of vaccine 24 a ( FIG. 1 ) in a position between approximately thirty and sixty degrees from upright, not subject to being spilled, when placed in the compartment 150 .
- the cap can have yet another compartment 154 adapted to hold a top cap (not shown) of the simulated vial of vaccine 24 a .
- Another compartment 156 can be used to hold other items, for example, the bifurcated needles 32 ( FIG. 1 ).
- the same compartments having the same functions can be provided in an alternate piece that does not form the cap 26 a for the inner container 14 .
- the alternate piece can be retained within the inner container 14 during transport.
- the cap 26 a having the compartments 150 - 156 has been described to be part of the inoculation kit 10 ( FIG. 1 )
- the alternate piece having the same features and functions as the cap 26 a can be provided apart from the inoculation training kit, to hold vials of vaccine during real inoculations.
- cap 26 a is shown to have the compartments 150 - 156 it should be apparent that others of the caps 26 b , 52 , 54 ( FIG. 2 ) can also have compartments, which may be the same or different than the compartments 150 - 156 in the cap 26 a.
- an exemplary transportation box 200 can hold one or more of the assembled inoculation training kits, for example one or more of the assembled inoculation training kits 50 shown in FIG. 2 .
- the transportation box 200 can also hold the frame 18 of FIG. 1 .
- the training materials 36 , 37 can provide a visual description 250 of the appearance of the site of a real smallpox vaccination as a scar forms and heals on the arm of a real patient.
- the visual description 250 can include a plurality of descriptions associated with different patients, for example day-six descriptions 252 , 258 from two patients, day-eight descriptions 254 , 260 from two patients, and day-ten descriptions 256 , 262 from two patients.
- the inoculation training kit is not limited to smallpox vaccinations or to a bifurcated needle. Many types of vaccinations are applied by injection with a hypodermic needle into a muscle of a patient. Therefore, in an alternate arrangement, the inoculation training kit can have one or more hypodermic needles and associated syringes in place of or in addition to the one or more bifurcated needles.
- a CD similar to the CD 36 ( FIG. 1 ) can be provided to teach a user about other types of inoculations.
- the simulated body part 100 ( FIG. 3-3C ) can be adapted to provide the realistic sensory feedback, including release of a predetermined amount of the simulated blood when practice injections are applied with the hypodermic needle.
- an alternate arrangement 300 of portions of a simulated body part includes an alternate arrangement for providing the substantially realistic visual feedback to the user (i.e., the release of simulated blood).
- the alternate arrangement 300 includes a simulated skin covering 302 , which can be the same as or similar to the simulated skin covering 102 of FIGS. 3-3C .
- a region 314 includes an orifice 316 through the simulated skin covering 302 .
- a piezoelectric switch 308 a - 308 c (also denoted 308 herein) is provided in the region 314 .
- the piezoelectric switch 306 can include a piezoelectric film layer 306 a , an insulating layer 306 b , and a conductive reference layer 306 c.
- a blood reservoir 310 a holding a volume of simulated blood 310 b is fluidly coupled to the orifice 316 .
- a control circuit 306 is adapted to activate one or more features 310 c associated with the blood reservoir 310 a in accordance with the signals received from the piezoelectric switch 308 , causing a small amount of the simulated blood 310 b to be released from the orifice 316 , giving a user a substantially realistic visual feedback.
- the one or more features 310 c are Nitinol bands adapted to generate a hydraulic force in the blood reservoir 310 a in response to a signal 312 from the control circuit 306 .
- Nitinol (Nickel Titanium Naval Ordnance Laboratory) is a nickel-titanium alloy known to have a shape memory and to deform or return to its original shape upon application of a temperature. The temperature can be induced by application of a voltage or current.
- the blood reservoir 310 a having the one or more Nitinol bands 310 c is described more fully below in conjunction with FIG. 8 .
- a user applies one or more practice inoculations to the region 314 .
- the region 308 can be clearly marked on the simulated skin covering 302 .
- the piezoelectric switch 308 provides a signal to the control circuit 306 upon each practice inoculation, i.e., upon each practice stab with a bifurcated needle 32 ( FIG. 1 ) upon the region 314 .
- the practice inoculations can be counted by the control circuit 306 .
- control circuit 306 After a predetermined number of practice inoculations have been applied, the control circuit 306 generates a signal 312 , causing the one or more Nitinol bands 310 c to deform, resulting in a hydraulic force upon the blood reservoir 310 a and a release of a small amount of the simulated blood 310 b from the orifice 316 .
- the predetermined number of inoculations i.e., practice stabs with the inoculation needle
- the predetermined number of inoculations can be any number.
- a person who has never received a smallpox inoculation receives about fifteen stabs with the bifurcated needle in a real smallpox vaccination, and a person who has previously received a smallpox vaccination is subjected to about three stabs with the needle. Therefore, in one particular embodiment, the control circuit 306 can be selectively set to count either about fifteen or about three practice inoculations and to provide the signal 312 to the one or more Nitinol bands 310 c accordingly.
- piezoelectric switch 308 While a piezoelectric switch 308 is shown and described, it will be understood that a variety of types of switch can be used, including but not limited to, a mechanical switch.
- apparatus 400 can be used to generate the hydraulic force described above.
- the apparatus 400 includes a blood reservoir 402 having an outlet 410 and containing simulated blood 404 .
- Nitinol bands 406 a , 406 b surround at least a portion of the blood reservoir 402 .
- the apparatus 400 can include a piezoelectric switch 414 , which can correspond, for example, to the piezoelectric switch 408 of FIG. 7 .
- the blood reservoir 402 can correspond, for example, to the blood reservoir 310 a having the simulated blood 310 b of FIG. 7 and the Nitinol bands 406 a , 406 b can correspond to the one or more Nitinol bands 310 c of FIG. 7 .
- the Nitinol bands 406 a , 406 b are adapted to deform when a voltage, V+, V ⁇ , is applied to them.
- the amount of deformation is proportional to the voltage. Therefore, it will be understood that the Nitinol bands 406 a , 406 b can provide a hydraulic force to force an amount of the simulated blood 404 out of the outlet 410 in response to the voltage.
- a control circuit for example, the control circuit 306 shown in FIG. 7 , can be used to provide the voltages V+ and V ⁇ to one or more of the Nitinol bands 406 a , 406 b .
- the voltages V+ and V ⁇ can correspond, for example, to the signal 312 of FIG. 7 .
- the control circuit 306 as described above, can count a number of practice jabs with a needle, for example upon the region 314 ( FIG. 7 ) having the piezoelectric switch 414 .
- the control circuit 306 can provide the voltage to the Nitinol bands 406 a , 406 b accordingly.
- Nitinol bands 306 a , 306 b adapted to provide the hydraulic force are shown, other configurations of Nitinol material can also be used.
- a spring made from the Nitinol material can be used.
- an inoculation training kit 500 can be packaged in a tray 502 having a removable cover 504 .
- the inoculation training kit can contain a simulated body part 506 , and a CD 508 having training instructions thereon.
- the simulated body part 506 can be the same as or similar to the simulated body part 16 of FIGS. 1 and 2 , and the simulated body part 100 of FIG. 3 .
- the CD 508 can be the same as or similar to the CD 36 shown in FIG. 1 .
- the inoculation training kit 500 can include some or all of the other items described in conjunction with the inoculation training kit 10 of FIG. 1 , including but not limited to one or more of the first vial 24 a ( FIG.
Abstract
Description
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US10/552,883 US7534107B2 (en) | 2003-04-14 | 2004-04-13 | Inoculation training kit |
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- 2004-04-13 WO PCT/US2004/011346 patent/WO2004093029A2/en active Application Filing
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US7866984B1 (en) * | 2005-04-29 | 2011-01-11 | Jawalekar Shreeniwas R | Epidural and combined spinal epidural anesthesia administration instructional aid |
US20090035737A1 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2009-02-05 | Pocket Nurse Enterprises, Inc. | Injection Training Pad |
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US8690580B2 (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2014-04-08 | Stiftelsen Arcada | Cannulation simulator |
US20110200977A1 (en) * | 2008-10-20 | 2011-08-18 | Stiftelsen Arcada | Cannulation simulator |
US20100203489A1 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2010-08-12 | Koster Erika S | Method and system for maintaining injection reminders via stuffed doll |
US8113845B2 (en) * | 2009-02-11 | 2012-02-14 | Koster Erika S | Method and system for maintaining injection reminders via stuffed doll |
US20110024323A1 (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-02-03 | Martorano Joseph G | Multi purpose personal protection equipment kit |
US8684744B2 (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2014-04-01 | Finox Ag | Injection training dummy |
US20120301857A1 (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2012-11-29 | Finox Ag | Injection training dummy |
WO2013126707A1 (en) * | 2012-02-24 | 2013-08-29 | Luna Innovations Incorporated | Medical training kits and methods to simulate treatment of uncontrolled hemorrhage |
US9542861B2 (en) | 2012-02-24 | 2017-01-10 | Luna Innovations Incorporated | Medical training kits and methods to simulate treatment of uncontrolled hemorrhage |
US20170316719A1 (en) * | 2016-05-02 | 2017-11-02 | Greenville Health System | Fistula cannulation simulator |
US11900828B2 (en) | 2016-05-02 | 2024-02-13 | University Of South Carolina | Fistula cannulation simulator |
USD882795S1 (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2020-04-28 | Mark L. Anderson | Inoculator marker |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2004093029A3 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
WO2004093029A2 (en) | 2004-10-28 |
US20060204939A1 (en) | 2006-09-14 |
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