US752394A - of paris - Google Patents

Description

No. 752,394. PATENTED FEB. 16, 1904, L. GAUMONT. MEANS FOR OPERATING SYNGHRONOUSLY PHONOGRAPHS AND KINEMATOGRAPHS.

PPLIOATION FILED DBO. 17, 1901.

N0 MODEL.

ilnrran S'ra'rns Patented Feb I.

Parent serene LEON GAUMONT, 0F PARIS, FRANCE, ASSlGNOR TO STE L. GAUMONT ET (11E, 0F PARlS, FRANCE.

MEANS FDR OPERATING SYNQHRONOUSLY PHONOGRAPHS AND KINEMATOGRAPHS.

SPECIFECAEIGN forming part of Letters Patent No. 752,394, dated February 16, 1

Application filed December 17,}901. Serial No. 86,Z77. No model.)

To (all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1. Laos; ta'onox'r, a citizen of the French Republic, residing in Paris, France, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Means for Operating synchronously Phonographs and Kinematographs, of which the following is specification.

This invention relates to a simple and electrical means for accomplishing the purpose set forth in the title and hereinafter explained.

in principle the velocity of the kinem'atograph. or rather the number of images trans-' mitted per second. is not absolute, the human eye being capable of supporting variations of velocity without being shocked thereby, while the ear cannot support the least variation in the velocity of a phonograph, because such variations would cause not only a change in the depth of the sounds, but also a, change in their ratio.

From what has been stated above it will readily be understood that the employment of motors, electric or other, for driving these appliances separately will not give good results if their synchronism is obtained by means of a speed regulator or governor upon each of them unless the phonographic cylinders employed have been recorded strictly at this velocity. Now unless these phonographs could be regulated once for all in such a manner that they should invariably operate exactly at the same velocity whatever might be the condition of the parts (including those of governor) as regards lubrication a cylinder recorded at Paris, for example, would not be correct for an apparatus sold in the provinces or abroad. Under these conditions it is essential that it should be possible to regulate the velocity of the phonograph so that it shall articulate correctlyhor be in tune, so to speakand that the kinematograph should instantly undergo these variationsthat is to say, should be absolutely synchronous with the phonograph, whatever the velocity of this,

latter may be. 1 have therefore soughtto construct mechanism requiring no regulation, and therefore incapable of getting out of order,'and permitting this synchronism of the two appliances to be obtained, while at the same time permittingthe.velocityof the kinematograph to be regulated. In order to effect this, I cause the phonograph or a part having a constant ratiowvith the phonograph to govern the velocity of the kinematograph by the means to be hereinafter described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein- Figure 1 is adiagrammatic view of the motor for driving the kinematograph, the connector at the phonograph, the circuits, and the generators. Fig. 2 is a somewhat diagrammatic general view of the entire apparatus. Fig. 3 illustrates the adaptation of an other form of motor for driving the kinematograph.

In Fig. 1, A designates a fixed 'Gramme ring forming the field-magnet of a motor and B the armature thereof in the nature of a Siemens H-coil. This is the motor for driving the kinematograph. I is a generator the poles of which are connected with the coils of the armature B..

A collector C, the number of the'sections of which is equai to the number of sections in the. Gramme ring A, (eight in this instance,) is arranged at any desired distance say ten, twenty, or thirty meters-from the ring and each of its sections connected, as shown in Fig. 1, to one of the corresponding sections of the ring by means of eight wires insulated one from the other, but forming together a flexible cable. Providing the successive sections of the ring are connected to the successive sections of the collector the connection may be made in either direction, theonly result being a change in the direction of rotation. Two brushes l) and E are mounted upon a support adapted to oscillate around the center of the collector C, which is fixed. if these two brushes are connected, respectively, tothe two poles of any convenient source of electricity J and if they are caused to rotate simultaneously in one direction or the other at any suit able velocity, 1. produce in the fixed ring A corresponding polarities, the law of displacement of which will be rigorously the same as. that of the brushes D and E. ()onsequently if 1 send through the Siemens coil B a permanent current this coil will exactly follow the movement of the brushes D and E. It is obvious that the Siemens coil may be replaced by a permanent magnet or even by an iron mass only; but the dimensions being equal the power of the motor will be thereby diminished. In these conditions it is only necessary to connect the coil B to the kinematograph by means of gearing having a suitable ratio and to corn nect in the same manner the brush tothe phonograph in order that the two appliances shall start ,at the same time and run with an absolutely synchronous velocity or what comes to the same thing with a suitable and perfectly constant velocity ratio. In this case the motor A 13 should be more powerful than is necessary in order to merely rotate the kinematograph, because itsvelocity depends only upon the phonograph, and it should (if this latter starts rapidly) have a couple sufficient to instantly overcome the inertia of the kinematograph. There is therefore no need to regulate the velocity of the motor by the employ? ment of a rheostat, brake, or the like. The driving-couple being sufficient with a predetermined voltage, it is only necessary to insert between the source of electricity and the motor A B a rheostat absorbing any excess of voltage. it, for example, the motor has been constructed for producing the needful. driving efi ort with twenty 'volts and ten am 'peres audit it is connected to a circuit of one hundred and ten volts, it will only be necessary to insert a rheostat absorbingninety volts ten amperes in order to insure absolutely syn chronous operation of the two appliances. Eesides as an excess of strength of the motor has been provided the voltage at the terminals may undergo a small variation without inconvenience.

I would call special attention to the fact that the motor for the phonograph may be of any convenient kind, such as a spring, gravity, electric, or other motor, and that the sole condition which should be fulfilled by the phonograph is that it shall be connected by parts of constant ratio, such as gear-wheels or tan: gcntial screws, with the brush. The phonograph therefore retains all its means of regulation, and no perturbation can be communicated to it by the operation of the kinematograph.

1 illustrate, by way of example, in Fig. 2 an arrangement of the two appliances as a v whole. Theirmutual positions may, however,

be varied according to requirements. A E is the motor previously described. A toothed clutch F enables the motor to rotate without This clutch is operated by means of the handle P. The toothed wheel (iwhi'ch is loose upon the driving-spindle, is adapmd to be driven by the clutch. It gears with the wheel H, fixed upon a spindle of the kinematograph K. A flexible cable 0, connecting the motor A B to the fixed collector G, contains all the conductors conmeeting the various sections of this collector with those of the ring A of the motor. The brush-holders D E are fixed upon the shaft of a sprocket-wheel N, which gears by a chain with the wheel M,-forming part of the mechanism of' the phonograph L. This wheel M iparts a movement of rotation to the pinion N, and consequently to the brushes D E. .0: indicates insulated metallic rings, respectively in contact with two brushes d e. They are connected to the source of electricity J and conduct the current'to the brushes D E.

it may be stated that the motor Z of the phonograph L drives the latter and also the wheel M through a suitable train of gears, as in ordinary clock mechanism. 9

The operation is as follows: 'A sfignal of any suitable kind, such as the ringing of a beli" or the sounding of a whistle, is arranged to be given some seconds before the commencement of the piece or the like to be rendered by providing upon the cylinder an appropriate mark either before the record has been made or subsequent thereto, the piece being repeated in this latter case for that purpose. This having been done and the apparatus being arranged as shown in Fig. 2, the phonograph is started. The kinematograph being thrown out of engagement, its motor A B at first runs 'free, and at the exact moment at which the signal is given by the phonograph the kinematograph is thrown into gear by means of the handle P, and the two appliances run with absolute synchronisin to the end of the piece.

lit is only necessary when the phonograph film or roller is being recorded to form the mark upon the same which produces the sig nal in order that this engagement may be effected rat the precise moment which will cause the views shown to correspond with the sounds uttered.

In order to prevent any injury to the parts or stoppage of the motor A. B at the moment at which engagement is efiected, I interpose between this motor and the clutch a spiral spring R, the torsional strength of which is such that-in its position of repose it corre sponds to the minimum of the couple necessary to maintain the kinematograph running. At the inoment of engagement this spiral spring receiving the movement suddenly will be wound up by several revolutions, and thus progressively increasing the driving-couple transmitted to the hinematograph will start this latter and enable it to attain its normai velocity. The variation thus introduced into the normal connection between motor and kinematographis but momentary, and when once the hinematograpfi is running the spring unwinds of itself. since its strength in the condition of rest is slightly greater than the normal driving-couple of the kinematographand synchronism will be established. The time occupied in effecting this is exceedingiy short assess and the variation so slight that it passes unring may rotate, the arrangement then-being as follows:

Fig. 3 represents a Gaifie motor the collector of which has been removed and upon which has been arranged between the armature and the bearing as many insulated rings as there are sections. Each of these sections is connected to the corresponding ring and each wire of the cable proceeding from the fixed collector of the phonograph is connected with a brush resting upon this ring. The result is the same as in the arrangement first described and the principle also remains the same.

Having thus described my invention, I claim- 1. The combination with a phonograph and its motor, of a kinematograph, an electric motor which drives the latter, a source of electricity, and meanscontrolled by the motor of the phonograph for distributing the current supplied to the field-magnet of said electric motor in constant angular relation to the phonograph, whereby synchronous relations are maintained between the movements of the phonograph and kinematograph.

2. The combination with a kinematograph, an electric motor for driving the latter, aphonograph, a suitable motor for driving it, a collector having its segments connected successively with the respective sections of the field- :nagnet of said electric motor, a generator which supplies the armature of said electric.

motor, and means whereby the phonographmotor drives the brushes of the collector as specified, of a generator having its terminals coupled to'the brushes of said coliector.

3. The combination'with a kinematograph, an electric motor for driving the latter, a phonograph, a suitable motor for driving it, acollector having its segments connected successively with the respective sections of the fieldmagnet of said electric motor, and a generator J having its terminals coupled to the respective brushes of said collector, of means where by the phonograph-motor controls the supply of current from said generator J to the fieldmagnet of the electric motor operating the kinematograph, whereby the latter motor is compelled to run synchronously with the motor of the phonograph, and means for uncoupling the kinematograph from its motor. In witnesswhereof I have hereunto signed my name, this 6th day of December, 1901, in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

LEON GAUMONT.

Witnesses:

JULES ARMENGAUD,JGI1I1G, MARCEL ARMENGAUD, Jeane.

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