US7420A - Improvement in electro-magnetic machines for shocks - Google Patents

Description

'lend 'of the iin'e wire. three springs F, Gr, and H is soldered onto the A'springs a small 'strip of silver, which alter- 'na-tely'strikes the'break-piece as 4it revolves.

UNITED STATES .PATENT OFFICE.

SAMUEL B. SMITH, OF NEW YORK,`N.` Y.

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 7,420, dated June 4, 1850.

To all whom it mag/concern:

Be it known that I, SAMUEL the city of New York, in -the county and State of New York, have invented a new and useful lMachine for Medical Purposes, for Electro- Magnetic Platin g, and for other Chemical Pur.

poses. The machine is an electro-magnetic machine. To 'distinguish-it from the ordinary electro-magnetic machines, and to designatel its action I call it the Automatch Direct and To and -fro Current Electro Magnetic vMeichine, and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, andexact description of the construction and operation of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings,4 making a part of this specification, of which- Figure 1 is a Vperspective yview.

Letter A is the'helix or coil of fine and coarser wire of copper; B B, the electro-magnet', C, the armature, which revolves with its vertical axis on two jewels; D, a screw for adjnstin g the armature; E, a brass post, to which the springs are screwed; F, a spring, which is in electric -communication with one end of the line and of the coarser wires of thel helix-in electro-magnet, and thus conveying the pri-` mary current to the break-piece on the axle of munlcation, through the post E, with the other Near the ends of the H,a spring,whch is in contact with the coarse' wire which leads direct to the battery I, the

,break-piece; K, a stay, at one end of which is fixed a. strip of gatta-perche', to keep the springsF'andG from approaching too near the break-pieceyL, a'movable wire, to be used when required to press the spring G oil from -vthe'break-piece; M M, two screws, insulated.,

[When the machine is in operation, and at the at one end of them, to press against thesprings F and Gr to regulate' their pressuzaeaganst' the break-piece; N; a brass post,into a hole near the upper end of which is placedla conduct ing-wirefrom the zincof thebattery; 0, another brassy post, for receiving a conducting wirefrom the copper of the battery; P, a brass post for receiving the conducting-wire of the secondary current; Q, another brass post for B. SMITH, of'

the armature G, a spring,.which is in comreceiving the conducting-wire of the secondary current-the one negative, `the other positive.

Explanation of the manner in which the Inachine operates and further explanations relative toparti'cular parts: Any of the ordinary galvanic batteries will answer for this machine. The connections for the passageotv the electricty are madefas follows: A connectingwvire lleads from the copper of' the battery to the post C. From this post it passes onat the bottom of thestand on whichthe helixis placed', to the helix. Having formed' two layers of the coil of the helix, it passes on to the magnet B, around which it makes two layers. It then passes on `over the bottom of the stand and terminates on thel spring F. Another connecting-wire leads from the zinc ofthe battery to the post N. It then passes over the bottom" of the stand and terminates on the spring H.

1n this way the entire galra-nic Acircuit of the4 wound over the two `layers of the coarse wire,)

after passing around and forming the helix,

lruns as follows: .One end of itis solderedonto the coarse wire of the primary coil onthe bottom of the stand. It is soldercdontoithe part` that .leads to the magnet B. The other end of the fine wire passes through, also, to the bottom of the stand, and it is soldered to the post 'P. It then passes on, terminates at, and is solderedonto the bottom of thevpost E. 'From this juncture, the post bein g brass, there is a metallic communication to the spring G,'but no such communication to the springs F and i H, which are insulated from vit by gutta-percha washers. There is a washer of gutta-pe'rcha between each of these two springs and the post, and between the springs and the heads of the screws which hold the springs to the post, the holes in Vthe springs through which the screws passbeingsufliciently large to prevent aicontact between the screws and the springs.

nication between the silver strip on spring H and the break-piece. Consequently at this juncture the circuit of the primary current is closed. At this instant of 'contact between the positive' ana negative electric states the shoclfrAk is transmitted and `felt at the terminations of the fine wire, or at any points in metallic communication with those terminations. y In other words, it is feltat the posts P antlnQ, -which are in communication with the terminations ot' the ne wire. Asthe armature revolves the 'break-piece ceases to bein contact with the silverstrip on spring F. Just previous to this break of contactthe break-piece comes into contact with thesilver strip on spring G, the contact on silver strip .on vspring H still' continuing. Under these circumstances when the contact at spring F is broken the shock is not transmitted nor felt at either of the posts P or Q, because the electric current of the secondary or tine wire passes throughthe battery. The armature still revolving, the break-piece again strikes-the silver strip at spring F, and the same results follow as' have been described.

In this manner no electric current is transmitted to the posts P and Q, but the direct current, the back current, .or the to-and-fro cur*- ren't ofthe ordinary electro-magnetic machines being thus wholly avoided.l y

.Y The following experiments demonstrate the accuracy of the above statements: Pour into a glass tumbler a metallic solutionthe sulphate of copper, for instance'. `(Care should.l be takenthat the solution be made of rain-water.) Introduce into this solution a piece of `platina Aplates'oldered onto the end ot' a metallic conductor leading to post P. In like manner introduce another pieceot wire into the solution with apiece of platina soldered to the end ofit', and connect this with the post Q. Let the two pieces of platina be a short distance apart in the solution. Put the machine into operation, and immediately the process of electroplating commences, and in a few minutes the platina on the negative conductor will be found to be Well coated with copper, Iwhile none of -the copper will be on the platinaat the end of the positive conductor. Reverse the poles-v that is, place the coarse connecting-wire that4 was in connection with the copper of the battery into' connection with the zinc, and that which was 1n connection with the zinc into connection with the copper-and the copper precipitate which was deposited on the former negative conductor will be driven from it, andthe platine on the end of the other wire, which is new made negative, will be found to receive a metallic coating. The deposition of metalson thenegative conductor of the voltaic battery is a welllknown fact. No such effect ever takes pla-'ce on the positive conductor, from whence the' electric'cnrrent Hows.

We will now try another experi ment illustrative ot the effect of the to-and-fro direction of the electric current inthe ordinary electromagnetic machines.

In the annexed drawing, L is a brass wire, movable on a journal at the top of the post Which supports it. By moving this wire around till the end of it presses vagainst the spring Gr said lspring is borne oft till the silver strip on it is no longer in contact with the break-piece. Under this circumstance this machine is made to act on the to-and-fro principle, the same as the ordinary electro -inagnetic machines. It lacts vnew on this principle, because the electric current of the secondary or ne wire does not now pass through the battery, but passes to and fro in a direction in which the postsQ and P are in the circuit. With the machine in this situation we willagaiu introduce the two'wires into the tumblcrin the same manner as in the former experiment. The machine is now put into operation, but-instead of finding the pla` tina on the negative conductor to become coated with copper, we'nd no such coating-'mo more than at the positive conductor. We may continue t-he operation any length of time and 11o metallic deposit takes place. Again, let us remove this wire Lfronl the spring, and the metallic coating immediately commences on vthe negative'conductor, as in the experiment 1. Separating the shock derived from the initial secondary current of the double-coil magneto-electric machine from that of the terminal secondary by causing the latter to pass through a closed circuit, substantially in the manner and .for the purposes set forth.

2. The manner of adapting the-same machine to transmit both the initial and terminal secondary currents at pleasure by bearing oli' the springA Gr by the arm L, substantially as described.

SAM. B. SMITH.

Witnesses J oHN B. GARDNER, N. H. Gann.

The to-and-fro

Images