US7413595B2 - Control scheme for hybrid PSA/TSA systems - Google Patents
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- US7413595B2 US7413595B2 US11/101,789 US10178905A US7413595B2 US 7413595 B2 US7413595 B2 US 7413595B2 US 10178905 A US10178905 A US 10178905A US 7413595 B2 US7413595 B2 US 7413595B2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0462—Temperature swing adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/047—Pressure swing adsorption
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J20/08—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/16—Alumino-silicates
- B01J20/18—Synthetic zeolitic molecular sieves
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- B01J20/3408—Regenerating or reactivating of aluminosilicate molecular sieves
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- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
- B01J20/3433—Regenerating or reactivating of sorbents or filter aids other than those covered by B01J20/3408 - B01J20/3425
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- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
- B01J20/3483—Regenerating or reactivating by thermal treatment not covered by groups B01J20/3441 - B01J20/3475, e.g. by heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J20/34—Regenerating or reactivating
- B01J20/3491—Regenerating or reactivating by pressure treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/104—Alumina
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2253/108—Zeolites
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D2257/80—Water
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40007—Controlling pressure or temperature swing adsorption
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/40083—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption
- B01D2259/40088—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating
- B01D2259/4009—Regeneration of adsorbents in processes other than pressure or temperature swing adsorption by heating using hot gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/414—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents
- B01D2259/4141—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents within a single bed
- B01D2259/4145—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using different types of adsorbents within a single bed arranged in series
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
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- B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
- B01D2259/416—Further details for adsorption processes and devices involving cryogenic temperature treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
- B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
- B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
- B01D53/0431—Beds with radial gas flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
- B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
Definitions
- the present invention is directed to an adsorption process for removing water and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from a feed gas that uses a hybrid of both temperature swing (i.e. TSA) and pressure swing (PSA) to regenerate the adsorbent. More specifically, the present invention is directed to a process wherein:
- the process employs an adsorption vessel having a feed port for introducing the feed gas and a product port for withdrawing product gas;
- a water removal zone located adjacent to feed port is a water removal zone containing a water selective adsorbent (especially activated alumina or silica gel) for adsorbing the water from the feed gas;
- a water selective adsorbent especially activated alumina or silica gel
- (c) located between the water removal zone and the product port is a CO 2 removal zone containing a CO 2 selective adsorbent (especially molecular sieve) for adsorbing the CO 2 from the feed gas;
- a CO 2 selective adsorbent especially molecular sieve
- hybrid process TSA/PSA process
- Kalbassi Kalbassi et al.
- a key challenge in the hybrid process is to precisely calculate the quantity of heat that needs to be provided by the heating regeneration gas in (f)(ii) above so no energy is wasted heating the regeneration gas beyond what is necessary.
- the heat provided by the heating regeneration gas must be enough to drive the resultant heat pulse through the CO 2 removal zone such that it dies at a location (hereafter, the Design Location) inside the water removal zone that is far enough to have regenerated a significant portion of the water removal zone (i.e. by temperature swing), but not too far into the water removal zone such that the capacity of the cooling regeneration gas to complete the regeneration of the water removal zone (i.e. by pressure swing) is not fully utilized.
- the Design Location corresponds to the location within the water removal zone where the transition occurs from regeneration by temperature swing, to regeneration by pressure swing.
- Kalbassi addresses this key challenge in the hybrid process by adjusting the quantity of heat to be provided by the heated regeneration gas as a function of the water content of the feed gas. As opposed to establishing a fixed quantity of heat based on the most adverse ambient conditions likely to be encountered, this provides significant energy savings.
- Kalbassi is an incomplete solution however vis-à-vis the present invention because, unlike the present invention, Kalbassi's adjustment of the necessary quantity of heat does not take into account temperature data during the regeneration sequence and particularly temperature data taken within a strategic portion (the Strategic Portion) of the water removal zone which is centered around the Design Location. This temperature data allows one to measure the actual location where the heat pulse dies and reconcile any discrepancies with the Design Location by appropriately adjusting the quantity of heat to be provided in the next regeneration sequence. The ability to fine-tune the adjustment of the provided heat from cycle to cycle in this fashion further increases the energy savings in Kalbassi.
- the Strategic Portion could be any portion of the water removal zone other than at or near the edges since, as can be appreciated by one skilled in the art, the edges of the water removal zone are not practical Design Locations for the heat pulse to die in a hybrid process due to risk of water contamination of the CO 2 adsorbent. (In particular, if Design Location near edge of water removal zone adjacent to CO 2 removal zone, this means little, if any, of the water removal zone is being regenerated by temperature swing; similarly, if Design Location near the edge of water removal zone where the feed gas is introduced, this means, little, if any, of the water removal zone vessel is being regenerated by pressure swing).
- the Strategic Portion would comprise any 3-4 consecutive layers between (and including) layers 2 through 9 .
- the Design Location for the heat pulse to die in a typical hybrid system is typically somewhere between layers 6 and 9 , it follows that the Strategic Portion will typically comprise layers 6 through 9 .
- the present invention is an improved control scheme for an adsorption process that removes water and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from a feed gas using a hybrid of both temperature swing (i.e. TSA) and pressure swing (PSA) to regenerate the adsorbent.
- the control scheme comprises adjusting the quantity of heat to be provided by the regeneration gas as a function of temperature data taken within a strategic portion of the water selective adsorbent zone.
- the strategic portion corresponds to the location for the desired transition from regeneration by temperature swing, to regeneration by pressure swing.
- said quantity of regeneration heat is also adjusted as a function of the water content of the feed gas.
- FIG. 1 is a drawing of one embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention is directed to an adsorption process for removing water and CO 2 from a feed gas ( 12 ) wherein:
- the process employs an adsorption vessel ( 14 ) having a feed port ( 16 ) for introducing the feed gas and a product port ( 18 ) for withdrawing product gas ( 20 );
- a water removal zone ( 22 ) located adjacent to feed port is a water removal zone ( 22 ) containing a water selective adsorbent for adsorbing the water from the feed gas;
- a CO 2 removal zone ( 24 ) located between the water removal zone and the product port is a CO 2 removal zone ( 24 ) containing a CO 2 selective adsorbent for adsorbing the CO 2 from the feed gas;
- the water selective adsorbent contained in the water removal zone consists of ten equally thick layers, with layer 1 beginning at the end of the water removal zone adjacent to the feed gas port and proceeding sequentially to layer 10 at the end of the water removal zone which is adjacent the CO 2 removal zone;
- the present invention is more particularly an improvement to the above process comprising adjusting the quantity of regeneration heat referenced in (f)(ii) as a function of temperature data taken within a strategic portion of the water selective adsorbent zone that, as discussed previously, corresponds to the design location for the heat pulse to die which, in general could comprise any 3-4 consecutive layers between (and including) layers 2 through 9 , but more typically would comprise layers 6 through 9 as shown by the cross-shaded portion of the water removal zone in FIG. 1 .
- the temperature data is obtained from two locations within the strategic portion, namely from a location in layer 9 , and from a location in layer 6 .
- the quantity of heat to be provided by the heated regeneration gas is also adjusted as a function of the water content of the feed gas (i.e. as taught in Kalbassi).
- the feed gas is air.
- the product gas is fed to a cryogenic air separation unit and separated into its constituent components.
- the water selective adsorbent is activated alumina.
- the water selective adsorbent is silica gel.
- the CO 2 selective adsorbent is molecular sieve.
- the feed gas is natural gas.
- the feed gas is a synthesis gas comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen.
- the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 employs a vertical flow vessel where (such as taught in Kalbassi) where the feed port ( 14 ) is located at the bottom of the adsorption vessel and the feed gas ( 10 ) flows upwardly through the adsorption vessel before reaching the product port ( 16 ) located at the top of the adsorption vessel.
- the present invention could employ a radial flow vessel (such as taught in Bosquain) where the feed port distributes the feed gas into the exterior of the adsorption vessel, and the feed gas flows radially through adsorption vessel (first through the water removal zone and then through the CO 2 removal zone as in Kalbassi) before reaching the product port located in the interior of the adsorption vessel.
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Abstract
Description
-
- (i) feed gas is passed through the vessel beginning at the feed port;
- (ii) at least a portion of the water selective adsorbent becomes saturated with water;
- (iii) at least a portion of the CO2 selective adsorbent becomes saturated with CO2; and
- (iv) product gas is withdrawn from the product port;
-
- (i) the vessel is depressurized to a lower pressure;
- (ii) beginning at the product port, a heating regeneration gas is passed through the vessel that provides a quantity of regeneration heat to desorb (i.e. by temperature swing) substantially all of the CO2 adsorbed during the adsorption sequence and a portion (but not the entire portion) of the water adsorbed during the adsorption sequence; and
- (iii) beginning at the product port, a cooling regeneration gas is passed through the vessel to desorb (i.e. by pressure swing) most or substantially all of the remaining water adsorbed during the adsorption sequence; and
- (iv) the vessel is pressurized with feed gas to prepare the vessel for its next adsorption sequence.
-
- (i) feed gas is passed through the vessel beginning at the feed port;
- (ii) at least a portion of the water selective adsorbent becomes saturated with water;
- (iii) at least a portion of the CO2 selective adsorbent becomes saturated with CO2; and
- (iv) product gas is withdrawn from the product port;
-
- (i) the vessel is depressurized to a lower pressure;
- (ii) beginning at the product port, a heating regeneration gas is passed through the vessel that provides a quantity of regeneration heat to desorb substantially all of the CO2 adsorbed during the adsorption sequence and a portion of the water adsorbed during the adsorption sequence; and
- (iii) beginning at the product port, a cooling regeneration gas is passed through the vessel to desorb most or substantially all of the remaining water adsorbed during the adsorption sequence;
- (iv) the vessel is pressurized with feed gas to prepare the vessel for its next adsorption sequence; and
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (11)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/101,789 US7413595B2 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2005-04-08 | Control scheme for hybrid PSA/TSA systems |
SG200601702A SG126836A1 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-03-15 | Improved control scheme for hybrid psa/tsa systems |
AT06251844T ATE523234T1 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-03-31 | REGENERATION CONTROL OF A PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE CHANGE ADSORPTION SYSTEM |
EP06251844A EP1710008B1 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-03-31 | Regeneration control of hybrid PSA/TSA systems |
ES06251844T ES2371926T3 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-03-31 | PSA / TSA HYBRID SYSTEM REGENERATION CONTROL (ADSORTION BY TEMPERATURE VARIATION / ADSORTION BY PRESSURE VARIATION). |
MYPI20061485A MY140785A (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-04-03 | Control scheme for hybrid psa/tsa systems |
IL174739A IL174739A0 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-04-03 | Improved control scheme for hybrid psa/tsa systems |
TW095112061A TWI308503B (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-04-04 | Control scheme for hybrid psa/tsa systems |
KR1020060030534A KR100777998B1 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-04-04 | Improved control scheme for hybrid psa/tsa systems |
ZA2006/02789A ZA200602789B (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-04-05 | Control scheme for hybrid psa/tsa systems |
CNA2006100793333A CN1872388A (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2006-04-07 | Improved control scheme for hybrid PSA/TSA systems |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/101,789 US7413595B2 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2005-04-08 | Control scheme for hybrid PSA/TSA systems |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US20060225569A1 US20060225569A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
US7413595B2 true US7413595B2 (en) | 2008-08-19 |
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ID=36685777
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US11/101,789 Active 2027-04-27 US7413595B2 (en) | 2005-04-08 | 2005-04-08 | Control scheme for hybrid PSA/TSA systems |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7413595B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1710008B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100777998B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1872388A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE523234T1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2371926T3 (en) |
IL (1) | IL174739A0 (en) |
MY (1) | MY140785A (en) |
SG (1) | SG126836A1 (en) |
TW (1) | TWI308503B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA200602789B (en) |
Cited By (7)
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US8999039B2 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2015-04-07 | Koninklijke Philips N.V. | Oxygen separation membrane |
US9108145B2 (en) | 2013-05-16 | 2015-08-18 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Purification of air |
US9409120B2 (en) | 2014-01-07 | 2016-08-09 | The University Of Kentucky Research Foundation | Hybrid process using a membrane to enrich flue gas CO2 with a solvent-based post-combustion CO2 capture system |
US10427090B2 (en) | 2017-10-18 | 2019-10-01 | Praxair Technology, Inc. | Control of swing adsorption process cycle time with ambient CO2 monitoring |
EP3939687A1 (en) | 2020-07-17 | 2022-01-19 | Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. | Radial adsorber, adsorption system, and adsorption methods |
EP4122581A1 (en) | 2021-07-21 | 2023-01-25 | Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. | Air separation apparatus, adsorber, and method |
EP4163005A1 (en) | 2021-09-23 | 2023-04-12 | Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. | Pre-purification arrangement for air separation and method of hybrid air purification |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US7959720B2 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2011-06-14 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Low mesopore adsorbent contactors for use in swing adsorption processes |
US8529663B2 (en) * | 2007-05-18 | 2013-09-10 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Process for removing a target gas from a mixture of gases by swing adsorption |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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ZA200602789B (en) | 2008-04-30 |
TW200640562A (en) | 2006-12-01 |
MY140785A (en) | 2010-01-15 |
CN1872388A (en) | 2006-12-06 |
ES2371926T3 (en) | 2012-01-11 |
KR100777998B1 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
SG126836A1 (en) | 2006-11-29 |
ATE523234T1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
EP1710008B1 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
IL174739A0 (en) | 2006-08-20 |
TWI308503B (en) | 2009-04-11 |
EP1710008A1 (en) | 2006-10-11 |
US20060225569A1 (en) | 2006-10-12 |
KR20060107320A (en) | 2006-10-13 |
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