US7273640B2 - Highly reflective optical element - Google Patents
Highly reflective optical element Download PDFInfo
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- US7273640B2 US7273640B2 US10/954,003 US95400304A US7273640B2 US 7273640 B2 US7273640 B2 US 7273640B2 US 95400304 A US95400304 A US 95400304A US 7273640 B2 US7273640 B2 US 7273640B2
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- polyester
- barium sulfate
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- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000001579 optical reflectometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
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- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims 1
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- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000106 Liquid crystal polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004977 Liquid-crystal polymers (LCPs) Substances 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [1-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1(CO)CCCCC1 ORLQHILJRHBSAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 KYTZHLUVELPASH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0808—Mirrors having a single reflecting layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0891—Ultraviolet [UV] mirrors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249978—Voids specified as micro
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249978—Voids specified as micro
- Y10T428/24998—Composite has more than two layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a highly reflective optical film comprising a layer containing a polyester voided with inorganic particles such as barium sulfate.
- the film is sufficiently voided to provide diffuse reflectance of at least 93% even at a thickness less than 150 ⁇ m and can exhibit reduced reflection of UV light below 40% by additional presence of UV absorbing particles.
- the invention relates to a liquid crystal display device employing such a reflector film.
- a side light system such as system disclosed in JP-A-SHO 63-62104, has been broadly applied as a means to illuminate a liquid crystal display.
- the advantages of a side light system is that it can be made thin and can illuminate the display or board uniformly.
- halftone dots are printed on one surface of a transparent substrate having a certain thickness such as an acrylic plate, and a light from a light source such as a cold cathode ray tube is applied to the substrate through the edge of the substrate.
- the applied light is uniformly dispersed by the halftone dot print, and a uniform brightness can be obtained across the surface of a display.
- the light source is provided directly in back of the display.
- a reflective optical element or reflector In either such light system, a reflective optical element or reflector must be provided on the back surface of the transparent light guiding plate in order to prevent light from escaping through the back surface.
- This reflector must be thin and must have a high reflectance property.
- a metal deposited layer such as one disclosed in JP-A-SHO 62-169105 or a white synthetic paper such as one disclosed in JP-A-SHO 63-62104 has been used as the reflector, the deposited layer is expensive and the synthetic paper cannot produce a sufficient reflectance. Accordingly, in practice, a white polyester film in which a white pigment such as titanium oxide is added, such as one disclosed in JP-A-HEI 2-269382, has been used as the reflector.
- the reflectance of the reflector can be increased to some extent by using such a white polyester film whitened by adding a pigment such as titanium oxide, the increase of the reflectance is limited to an insufficient level.
- Recently voided polyester films have been used, such as the ones disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,409, as the reflector.
- the voided film described offers high reflectance in a broader range of wavelengths.
- the reflector described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,672,409 has high average reflectance from 330-380 nm. Although this is claimed as an advantage, in practice the elimination of light from 200 to 400 nm is desirable as this light can be damaging to the liquid crystal polymer in the display. This will become more of a problem as the other optical elements in the display are simplified, a trend in the industry. Much of the harmful UV light, 200 to 400 nm, is currently absorbed by the other optical elements in current displays but will likely not be the case in future more simplified screen designs, especially for larger television displays Therefore, an optical element or reflector is required that can achieve high reflectivity, greater than 93% in the visible wavelengths at a range of thicknesses, especially below 150 ⁇ m. It is further required that reflectors be able to minimize reflectance at wavelengths from 200 to 400 nm.
- the invention provides a reflective optical film comprising a layer containing a polyester voided with inorganic particles such as barium sulfate in a size and an amount sufficient to provide a visible light reflectivity of at least 93% and a void volume from 40% to 70%, the film at least (1) having a thickness of less than 150 ⁇ m, or (2) containing UV particles in amounts sufficient to provide a UV light reflectivity of less than 40%. Also provided is a display such as an LCD display employing the film as a back light reflector.
- the film and displays provide improved visible light reflection while providing low reflectance of UV light
- the invention provides a reflective optical film, usable in a surface light source, which has a high reflectance, at least 93% in the visible wavelengths, 400 to 700 nm, at thicknesses below 150 ⁇ m. Additionally, the present invention can provide low UV reflectance at wavelengths from 200 to 400 nm, at levels even below 40%.
- a reflector used in a surface light source according to the present invention comprises a white polyester film in which fine voids containing inorganic particles such as barium sulfate particles of a type and in an amount that provide visible reflectance above 93% (desirably at least 94 or 95 wt %) and provide at least (1) film thicknesses below 150 ⁇ m or (2) contain UV absorptive particles in an amount sufficient to achieve UV reflectance from 200 to 400 nm of 40% or less.
- the resulting voided layer After stretching the inorganic loaded polyester layer the resulting voided layer has a very high level of void volume fraction. It is this high level of voiding that results in such high reflectivity. High void volumes coupled with small void sizes results in a maximum number of air to polymer interfaces as light travels from void to void in the layer. Light reflects due to changes in the index of refraction at these interfaces resulting in high layer reflectivity.
- the void volume fraction is defined as the ratio of voided thickness minus un-voided thickness to the voided thickness. This can be multiplied by 100 and represented as a percent void volume. The actual thickness, if an extruded monolayer, can be easily measured by any film thickness measuring device.
- the layer is a co-extruded layer (extruded and stretched along with other layers)
- photo-microscopy of a cross-section can be used to determine the actual layer thickness.
- the un-voided thickness is defined as the thickness that would be expected had no voiding occurred, for example, the cast thickness divided by the stretch ratio in the machine direction and the stretch ratio in the cross direction.
- Voided layers of the invention have a void volume that can range from 40% to 70%. Improved reflectivity performance occurs with void volumes in the range of 50 to 70% and optimal reflectivity performance occurs between 60 and 70%.
- fine voids are formed in the polyester film by loading barium sulfate in a voided layer at levels between 40 and 70 wt %. If desired, UV reflectance is reduced to below 40% by loading UV absorbing particles in the voided layer, typically at 0.5 to 10 wt %.
- the white polyester film used as the reflective optical film according to the present invention must contain fine voids that are initiated by inorganic particles of sufficiently small size and concentration.
- the shape of the void is not particularly restricted, and the shape is typically an elongated sphere or ellipsoid or a flattened sphere.
- the size of the preferred barium sulfate particles which initiate the voids upon stretching should have an average particle size of 0.1 to 10.0, usually 0.3 to 2.0, and desirably 0.5 to 1.5 ⁇ m.
- “average particle size” is that as measured by a Sedigraph 5100 Particle Size Analysis System (by PsS, Limited).
- an additive UV light absorbing particle may be used to decrease the reflectance by the film of light in the 200 to 400 nm wavelength range.
- Such an additive is typically present in an amount of up to 10.0 wt % and suitably between 0.5 and 10.0 wt %. Titanium dioxide is one such UV light-absorbing particle that is preferred.
- the white polyester film according to the present invention must have at least one layer containing the preferred barium sulfate particles present at a concentration in the range of 40.0 to 70.0 wt %, suitably 50-65 wt %, and desirably 55-65 wt %. If the concentration of barium sulfate particles is below 40.0 wt %, visible light reflection of at least 93% cannot be attained when the film thickness is less than 150 ⁇ m. If the concentration of barium sulfate is above the maximum, the amount of the fine voids is too great, and film breakage occurs in the film formation process. It is, of course, desirable to achieve even higher levels of reflectivity such as 96% or more, especially for thin films of less than 150 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of a surface light source for an LCD display can be made sufficiently thin by using the white polyester film. Moreover, the white polyester film can be produced at a relatively low cost. Furthermore, since the polyester film has a high heat resistance, a high safety can be ensured even if the film is exposed to a light source having a relatively high temperature.
- polyester means a polymer obtained by the condensation polymerization, at least in part, of a diol and a dicarboxylic acid.
- dicarboxylic acid terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, or sebacic acid can be used.
- diol ethylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, or cyclohexanedimethanol can be used.
- polytetramethylene terephthalate polyethylene-p-oxybenzoate, poly-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate, or polyethylene-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate
- these polyesters may be either homopolymer or copolymer.
- a diol component such as diethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol or polyalkylene glycol and a dicarboxylic acid such as adipic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid or 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid can be used.
- poly-1,4-cyclohexanedimethylene terephthalate is preferable from the viewpoint of water resistance, chemical resistance and processing durability.
- the amorphous nature of this polymer results in a less brittle pre-stretched cast sheet allowing for the high levels of barium sulfate concentration without cracks forming prior to stretching.
- various kinds of known additives for example, an oxidation inhibitor, or an antistatic agent may be added by a volume which does not destroy the advantages according to the present invention.
- the polyester film is whitened by forming fine voids in the film and the resulting diffusion of light by the voids.
- the use of the barium sulfate present at concentrations greater than 40 wt % to initiate the voids results in a high reflectance (at least 93%), which has not been obtained in previously disclosed films at thicknesses less than 150 ⁇ m.
- a second voided polyester layer is adjacent to said barium sulfate voided layer.
- the two layers may be integrally formed using a co-extrusion or extrusion coating process.
- the polyester of the second voided layer can be any of the polyesters described previously for the barium sulfate voided layer.
- the polyester is polyethylene (terephthalate).
- the voids of this second voided layer are formed by finely dispersing a polymer incompatible with the matrix polyester material and stretching the film uniaxially or biaxially. When the film is stretched, a void is formed around each particle of the incompatible polymer.
- the incompatible polymer is a polymer that does not dissolve into the polyester.
- examples of such an incompatible polymer include poly-3-methylbutene-1, poly-4-methylpentene-1, polypropylene, polyvinyl-t-butane, 1,4-transpoly-2,3-dimethylbutadiene, polyvinylcyclohexane, polystyrene, polyfluorostyrene, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate and polychlorotrifluoroethylene.
- polyolefins such as polypropylene are suitable.
- the content of the incompatible polymer in the second layer is desirably in the range of 5 to 30 wt %. If the content is lower than the above range, the desired reflectance cannot be obtained. If the content is higher than the above range, the strength of the film becomes too low for processing.
- a third voided layer meeting the same requirements as the barium sulfate voided first layer is provided adjacent to the second voided layer and on the opposite side from the first barium sulfate voided layer.
- the mean reflectance of the white polyester film in the range of wave length of a light of 200 to 400 nm is preferably less than 40%. This low level of reflectance between 200 and 400 nm can be attained by the addition of UV absorbing particles as described previously.
- the process for adding the barium sulfate or the UV absorbing particles to the polyester matrix is not particularly restricted.
- the particles can be added in an extrusion process utilizing a twin-screw extruder.
- Barium sulfate is mixed into poly(ethylene 1,4-cyclohexane dimethylene) in a twin screw extruder at a temperature of 260-280° C. This mixture is extruded through a strand die, cooled in a water bath, and pelletized. The pellets are then dried at 65° C. and fed into an extruder “A”.
- Polypropylene is blended as an incompatible polymer with polyethylene terephthalate. After sufficient blending and drying at 120° C., the mixture is supplied to an extruder “B” heated at a temperature of 270-290° C.
- the two kinds of polymers are co-extruded in a multi-manifold die or feed block in conjunction with a single manifold die to form a laminated structure of A/B or A/B/A.
- the molten sheet delivered from the die is cooled and solidified on a drum having a temperature of 50-70° C. while applying either an electrostatic charge or a vacuum.
- the sheet is stretched in the longitudinal direction at a draw ratio of 2-5 times during passage through a heating chamber, and thereafter, the film is introduced into a tenter while the edges of the film are clamped by clips.
- the film is stretched in the transverse direction in a heated atmosphere having a temperature of 90-140° C.
- the area ratio between the non-stretched sheet and the biaxially stretched film is preferably in the range of 8 to 12 times. If the area ratio is less than 8 times, whitening of the film is insufficient. If the area ratio is greater than 12 times, a breakage of the film is liable to occur. Thereafter, the film is uniformly and gradually cooled to a room temperature, and wound.
- the white polyester film thus obtained has a high reflectance of not less than 93% in the range of wavelength of a light of 400 to 700 nm.
- a high light efficiency can be obtained.
- the white polyester film according to the present invention has an excellent mean reflectance in the specified range of wavelength, the film can be utilized for various uses other than a reflector of a surface light source.
- a 60 mm integrating sphere is attached to a spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Lambda 800).
- a reflectance is determined in the ranges of wavelengths from 200 to 700 nm.
- the reflectance of Spectralon is defined as 100% and the measured reflectances are based on a comparison to the Spectralon.
- a value is obtained at an interval of 1 nm, and the average value over any defined wave length range is defined as the mean reflectance.
- the mean reflectance at wavelengths from 200 to 400.nm is considered here as UV light reflectivity.
- the mean reflectance at wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm is considered visible light reflectivity.
- a 3-layer film (with designated layers 1, 2 and 3) comprising voided polyester matrix layers was prepared in the following manner.
- the BaSO 4 inorganic particles were compounded with the PETG polyester by mixing in a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder attached to a strand die. Strands of extrudate were transported through a water bath, solidified, and fed through a pelletizer, thereby forming pellets of the resin mixture. The pellets were then dried in a desiccant dryer at 65° C. for 12 hours.
- poly(ethylene terephthalate) (#7352 from Eastman Chemicals Company) was dry blended with polypropylene(“PP”, Huntsman P4G2Z-073AX) at 20% weight and dried in a desiccant dryer at 65° C. for 12 hours.
- Cast sheets of the noted materials were co-extruded to produce a combined support having the following layer arrangement: layer 1/layer 2/layer 3, using a 2.5 inch (6.35 cm) extruder to extrude layer 2, and a 1 inch (2.54 cm) extruder to extrude layers 1 and 3.
- the 275° C. melt streams were fed into a 7 inch (17.8 cm) multi-manifold die also heated at 275° C.
- the PP in layer 2 dispersed into globules between 10 and 30 ⁇ m in size during extrusion.
- the final dimensions of the continuous cast multilayer sheet were 18 cm wide and 860 ⁇ m thick.
- Layers 1 and 3 were each 215 ⁇ m thick while layer 2 was 430 ⁇ m thick.
- the cast multilayer sheet was then stretched at 110° C. first 3.0 times in the X-direction and then 3.4 times in the Y-direction.
- the stretched sheet was then heat set at 150° C. and its final thickness was 144 ⁇ m.
- a 3-layer film (with designated layers 1, 2 and 3) comprising voided polyester matrix layers was prepared in the following manner.
- the BaSO 4 inorganic particles were compounded with the PETG polyester by mixing in a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder attached to a strand die.
- poly(ethylene terephthalate) (#7352 from Eastman Chemicals Company) was dry blended with polypropylene(“PP”, Huntsman P4G2Z-073AX) at 20% weight and dried in a desiccant dryer at 65° C. for 12 hours.
- Cast sheets of the noted materials were co-extruded to produce a combined support having the following layer arrangement: layer 1/layer 2/layer 3, using a 2.5 inch (6.35 cm) extruder to extrude layer 2, and a 1 inch (2.54 cm) extruder to extrude layers 1 and 3.
- the 275° C. melt streams were fed into a 7 inch (17.8 cm) multi-manifold die also heated at 275° C.
- the PP in layer 2 dispersed into globules between 10 and 30 ⁇ m in size during extrusion.
- the final dimensions of the continuous cast multilayer sheet were 18 cm wide and 816 ⁇ m thick.
- Layers 1 and 3 were each 204 ⁇ m thick while layer 2 was 408 ⁇ m thick.
- the cast multilayer sheet was then stretched at 110° C. first 3.0 times in the X-direction and then 3.4 times in the Y-direction.
- the stretched sheet was then heat set at 150° C. and its final thickness was 127 ⁇ m.
- a 3-layer film (with designated layers 1, 2 and 3) comprising voided polyester matrix layers was prepared in the following manner.
- the BaSO 4 inorganic particles were compounded with the PETG polyester by mixing in a counter-rotating twin-screw extruder attached to a strand die.
- poly(ethylene terephthalate) (#7352 from Eastman Chemicals Company) was dry blended with polypropylene(“PP”, Huntsman P4G2Z-073AX) at 20% weight and dried in a desiccant dryer at 65° C. for 12 hours.
- Cast sheets of the noted materials were co-extruded to produce a combined support having the following layer arrangement: layer 1/layer 2/layer 3, using a 2.5 inch (6.35 cm) extruder to extrude layer 2, and a 1 inch (2.54 cm) extruder to extrude layers 1 and 3.
- the 275° C. melt streams were fed into a 7 inch (17.8 cm) multi-manifold die also heated at 275° C.
- the PP in layer 2 dispersed into globules between 10 and 30 ⁇ m in size during extrusion.
- the final dimensions of the continuous cast multilayer sheet were 18 cm wide and 860 ⁇ m thick.
- Layers 1 and 3 were each 215 ⁇ m thick while layer 2 was 430 ⁇ m thick.
- the cast multilayer sheet was then stretched at 110° C. first 3.0 times in the X-direction and then 3.4 times in the Y-direction.
- the stretched sheet was then heat set at 150° C. and its final thickness was 144 ⁇ m.
- a description by manufacturer and code number are given for the comparative samples and a description by Layer 1 and 3 material content are given for the examples of the present invention.
- the thickness of each sample was measured and is listed. Reflectance measurements were made on all the samples as well.
- the mean reflectance at wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm is given as the visible reflectance for each sample.
- the mean reflectance from 200 to 400 nm is given as the UV reflectance for each sample.
- Typical films made as described in the inventive examples were cross-sectioned and photomicrographed such that the void volume percentages could be determined.
- Typical void volume percentages of the inventive films made in the examples were 61% to 65%.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
| Comparative 1 | Keiwa, BR-1 | ||
| Comparative 2 | Kimoto, RW 125 | ||
| Comparative 3 | Kimoto, RW 75CB | ||
| Comparative 4 | Kimoto, RW X3T | ||
| Comparative 5 | Kimoto, RW 188 | ||
| Comparative 6 | Tsujiden, RF-75 | ||
| Comparative 7 | Tsujiden, RF-188 | ||
| Comparative 8 | Tsujiden, RF-195E | ||
| Comparative 9 | Tsujiden, RF-215G | ||
| Comparative 10 | Tsujiden, RF-220EG | ||
| Comparative 11 | Tsujiden, MTN-W400 | ||
The comparative samples along with the examples of the present invention are listed in Table 1. A description by manufacturer and code number are given for the comparative samples and a description by Layer 1 and 3 material content are given for the examples of the present invention. The thickness of each sample was measured and is listed. Reflectance measurements were made on all the samples as well. The mean reflectance at wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm is given as the visible reflectance for each sample. The mean reflectance from 200 to 400 nm is given as the UV reflectance for each sample.
| TABLE 1 | ||||
| VISIBLE | UV | |||
| REFLECTANCE | REFLECTANCE | |||
| THICKNESS | (400-700 nm) | (200-400 nm) | ||
| SAMPLE | DESCRIPTION | (μm) | (%) | (%) |
| Comparative 1 | Keiwa BR-1 | 206 | 95.7 | 50.7 |
| Comparative 2 | Kimoto RW 125 | 122 | 92.2 | 49.4 |
| Comparative 3 | Kimoto RW 75CB | 107 | 92.4 | 41.8 |
| Comparative 4 | Kimoto RW X3T | 137 | 92.5 | 9.4 |
| Comparative 5 | Kimoto RW 188 | 188 | 94.9 | 51.5 |
| Comparative 6 | Tsujiden RF-75 | 81 | 85.3 | 47.7 |
| Comparative 7 | Tsujiden RF-188 | 183 | 94.2 | 50.3 |
| Comparative 8 | Tsujiden RF-195E | 188 | 94.6 | 47.0 |
| Comparative 9 | Tsujiden RF-215G | 216 | 95 | 50.0 |
| Comparative | Tsujiden RF-220EG | 218 | 94.9 | 47.1 |
| 10 | ||||
| Comparative | Tsujiden MTN-W400 | 249 | 94.9 | 50.3 |
| 11 | ||||
| Example 1 | PETG/BaSO4 (No | 143 | 94.8 | 48.4 |
| TiO2) | ||||
| Example 2 | PETG/BaSO4 w/2% | 127 | 95.1 | 29.9 |
| TiO2 | ||||
| Example 3 | PETG/BaSO4 w/7% | 144 | 95.7 | 25.2 |
| TiO2 | ||||
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/954,003 US7273640B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2004-09-29 | Highly reflective optical element |
| PCT/US2004/037270 WO2005052656A2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2004-11-09 | Highly reflective optical film of voided polyester for use in displays |
| KR1020067009686A KR20060120124A (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2004-11-09 | Highly reflective optical film of voided polyester for use in displays |
| JP2006541241A JP2007512578A (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2004-11-09 | Highly reflective optical film |
| TW093134859A TW200517680A (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2004-11-15 | Highly reflective optical element |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US71890203A | 2003-11-21 | 2003-11-21 | |
| US10/954,003 US7273640B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2004-09-29 | Highly reflective optical element |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US71890203A Continuation-In-Part | 2003-11-21 | 2003-11-21 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20050112296A1 US20050112296A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
| US7273640B2 true US7273640B2 (en) | 2007-09-25 |
Family
ID=34591186
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/954,003 Expired - Lifetime US7273640B2 (en) | 2003-11-21 | 2004-09-29 | Highly reflective optical element |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7273640B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1882855A (en) |
| TW (1) | TW200517680A (en) |
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| US20090035544A1 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2009-02-05 | Teijin Dupont Films Japan Limited | Laminated film for reflection plate |
| US20100009208A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2010-01-14 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc. | Matte biaxially oriented polylactic acid film |
| US20100321953A1 (en) * | 2009-05-01 | 2010-12-23 | Zane Coleman | Light emitting devices and applications thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20070030574A1 (en) * | 2003-10-27 | 2007-02-08 | Takayuki Watanabe | Reflective film |
| US8268215B2 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2012-09-18 | Teijin Dupont Films Japan Limited | Laminated film for reflection plate |
| US20090035544A1 (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2009-02-05 | Teijin Dupont Films Japan Limited | Laminated film for reflection plate |
| US20100009208A1 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2010-01-14 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc. | Matte biaxially oriented polylactic acid film |
| US8815390B2 (en) * | 2008-06-13 | 2014-08-26 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc. | Matte biaxially oriented polylactic acid film |
| US8808854B2 (en) | 2008-06-13 | 2014-08-19 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc. | Matte biaxially oriented polylactic acid film |
| US20100321953A1 (en) * | 2009-05-01 | 2010-12-23 | Zane Coleman | Light emitting devices and applications thereof |
| US8721152B2 (en) | 2009-05-01 | 2014-05-13 | Abl Ip Holding Llc | Light emitting devices and applications thereof |
| US8783898B2 (en) | 2009-05-01 | 2014-07-22 | Abl Ip Holding Llc | Light emitting devices and applications thereof |
| US8794812B2 (en) | 2009-05-01 | 2014-08-05 | Abl Ip Holding Llc | Light emitting devices and applications thereof |
| US20110013420A1 (en) * | 2009-05-01 | 2011-01-20 | Zane Coleman | Light emitting devices and applications thereof |
| US20100321952A1 (en) * | 2009-05-01 | 2010-12-23 | Zane Coleman | Light emitting devices and applications thereof |
| US10598349B2 (en) | 2014-11-07 | 2020-03-24 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Lighting component including switchable diffuser |
| US11708962B2 (en) | 2015-03-05 | 2023-07-25 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical system with switchable diffuser |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1882855A (en) | 2006-12-20 |
| US20050112296A1 (en) | 2005-05-26 |
| TW200517680A (en) | 2005-06-01 |
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