US703710A - Boiler-furnace. - Google Patents

Description

No. 703,7"). Patented July I, I902;v

I u. a. scarf.

BOILER FURNACE. (Appiicatibn Apr. 16, 1901.) {No.lpdol.) 5 Sheets-Shoot l.

EIEHIIEKCIEIEIEI I:

2 0. m .N u l.- d e t n 8 t a P -I- T 0 c s B H m 3 0 7 0 N BOILER FURNACE. (Application filed Apr. 16, 1901.)

5 Sheets-Shot 2.

(lo Model.)

DOQOOOODDDOOO (7000 0000000 000000 0 o o o o o 0 500000 No. 703,7!0. Patented July I, I902.

- H.- R. SCOT-L BOILER rumucs.

(lpplicntion filed Apr. 16, 1901.) (llo Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 3.

/l l/ I N0. 703,7"). r Patented July I, I902.

H. R. SCOTT. BOILER FURNACE. {-Ap ligatiofi filed Aipr. 10, 1901. (Io Nodal.) 5 Shoots-Shoat 4.

ms ubnms wsrzns co, mo'nnn'no. WASHINGTON D c.

No. 703,7I0. Patented July I, I902.

H. R. soon.

BOILER FURNACE.

(Application filed Apr. 16, 1901,,

(llo Model.)

4 5 Sheets-Sheet 5.

U ITE STAT-cs PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY R. SCOTT, OF-KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI.

. BOILER-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent-N0. 703,710, dated July 1', 1902.

Application filed April 16,1901.

To ctZZ whom it'ntcty concern:

Be it known that I, HENRY R. SCOTT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Kansas City, in the county of Jackson, in the State of Missouri, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Boiler-Furnaces, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to improvements in boiler-furnaces, having more particular reference to providing an auxiliary furnace communicating with the boiler-furnace proper and in which a complete combustion of the products of the fuel is efiected and obtained, so that only the highly-heated gases of com-' plete combustion and heat elements enter the boiler-furnace and come into contact with the boiler-surfaces, thus preventing the cooling of the boiler-surfaces by the inrush of cold air when the doors are opened and the cooling of the combustion-gases by contact with the colder boiler-surfaces before complete combustion takes place and the consequent formation of smoke.

In the usual construction and operation 0 the boiler-furnace very seriously objectionable features are met with, two of which, froman economic pointof view, are of prominent consideration.

First. It isa familiar observation that when the furnace-doorsare thrown open for firin g the inrush of cold air striking the boiler-surfaces reduces-the temperature thereof to a. very considerable degree, which must be restored before the boiler can resume its full efieotive work, and when it is considered how many'times during a day the doors must be, thus thrown open it is manifest that a very serious waste'of heat energy, and consequent waste of fuel, as wellas injury to the boiler from the sudden contraction and expansion due to the changes of temperature incident to the inrush of cold air, is due to this cause.

Second. It is an observation, perhaps not so familiar or so much taken into account as the preceding, that the fuel-gases heated almost to the point of combustion coming into contact with the colder boiler-surfaces are suddenly cooled down below the combustionmately not over 320.

'perature.

point and pass 0E unconsumed as smoke, in-

Serial No 56,149. (No model.)

curring a serious waste of heat energyand of fuel. Upon consideration of the conditions presented this is at once manifest. The temperature of combustion of the fuel products is approximately 800 to 1,000 Fahrenheit. The temperature of the boiler-surface is but little above the temperature of the water contained in the boilerthat is, approxi- Then when the fuelgas'es heated to the point of combustion and ready to be employed in the development of further heat energy come into contact with the boiler-surface they are immediately cooled down below the combustion-point and the heat energy contained therein Wasted, these gases passing off as smoke at a reduced'tem- To obviate and remove these objectionable features and to insure the complete combustion of all the fuel and the development and utilization of all the heat energy of such gases, with a consequent economy of'fuel,

are the leading objects of this invention; and

to accomplish these and other like objects in' the line of fuel economy and the conservation of the heat energy my invention consists of certain novel means and features of construction hereinafter described, and pointed out in the claims.

Figure 1 represents in vertical section one form of apparatus embodying my invention, in which an auxiliary furnace is located in front of the boiler-furnace, this View being taken upon the line x a: of Fig. 2, the damper or draft-regulator being opened. Fig. 2 represents a horizontal section on the linemac ofFig. 1. Fig. 3 represents a vertical sectional view in which an auxiliary furnace is located under the boiler, occupying part of the boiler-furnace proper. Fig. 4 represents an end elevation of the form shown in Fig. 3 with the front plate partly broken away. Fig. 5 represents a front end elevation of the auxiliary furnace, as shown in Fig. l, withv the draft-regulators.

of water through the damper is employed to prevent overheating and burning out of the same. Fig. 8 represents a detail isometric view of such water-cooled damper with the shell partly broken away. Fig. 9 represents a cross-section of the coupling throughwhich the circulating-pipes have a water-tight connection with the stem of the damper. Fig. 10 represents an elevation, partly in cross section, of an automatic device for operating Fig. 11 represents an edgewise view of the same. Figs. 12 and 13 represent a cross-section of one of the valves of the same shown in opened and closed position. Fig. 14 representsadetail view showing the means by which said device is connected with the stem of the regulator.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

1 represents a boiler-furnace, over which is mounted a boiler 2, as in the usual and familiar construction. 3 represents an auxiliary furnace divided by adivision-wall at into compartments 5 and 6, said compartments communicating with each other through openings 7 in said wall over the grate-bars above the fuel-line. As shown in Fig. 1, the bridgewall 8 at the rear of said compartments may be extended to the top of the furnace and provided with openings, as shown by dotted lines, for the passage of the fuel products, such construction greatly facilitating the proper mixture of the air and oxygen with the fuel-gases and aiding in the process of combustion. Each of said compartments is provided with a separate and independent communication with the boiler furnace through the throats 9 and 10, and in said throats are mounted draft-regulators or dainpers 11 and 12 for regulating the draft through the same. Said draft-regulators are preferably pivotally mounted, as shown, and by means of a crank-arm 13, mounted upon a stem 35 of the draft-regulator, the connecting-rod 14 and the crank-arm 15 upon the pintle 16 of the feed-door may be so constructed and arranged that they will be closed by opening the feed-doors and opened by closing the same, or, as shown in Figs. 11 to 14, inclusive, a special device may be provided for operating the dampers. Said device consists of a cylinder 18, having a pistion 19, arranged to be operated by fluid-pressure, the piston-rod being connected to the crank-arm 13 on the stem 35 of the draftregulator. The pressure fluid is supplied to the cylinder atboth sides ofthe piston through pipes 20 and 21, connected with a supply-pipe '22, provided with a stop-cock 23, and the supply of pressure fluid is controlled by threeway valves 21 and 25, the passages in said valves being so arranged that when the valve is turned to admit the pressure fluid to the cylinder the exhaust-nozzle of said valve is closed, and when the valve is turned to shut off the supply of pressure fluid the communication of the cylinder with the exhaust-nozzle of said valve is opened, as shown in Fig. 13. The valve-stems of said valves 21 and 25 are connected by slotted links 26 and 27 with pins on the expanded upper end of a connecting-rod 28. The other end of said connecting-rod is recessed and arranged to engage the latch of the feed-door, as shown at 29, so that as the latch of the feed-door is raised to open the door by the action of the links the valve 21 is turned, the supply of pressure fluid is cut off, and communication with the exhaust-nozzle 30 opened, and the valve 25 is turned, closing the exhaust-nozzle 31 and opening the supply-port to permit the pressure fluid to flow into the cylinder at the left of the piston and moving the piston to the right, and thereby closing the draft-regulator, to the stem of which the piston-rod is connected, and when the door is closed the latch will again engage the connecting-rod and drawing it down will, through the action of the links, turn the valve 25 to close the inlet-port and open the exhaust-port and turn the valve 24 to admit the pressure fluid to the cylinder at the opposite end, Where it will act to open the draft-regulator, and by regulating the discharge from the exhaustnozzles by the petcocks 32 and 33, so that it will discharge rapidly from the nozzle 30 when the valve 25 is opened and discharge slowly from the nozzle 31 when the valve 24 is opened, the draft-regulator may be closed abruptly when the door is opened and opened very slowly after the door is closed. In Fig. 12 the valve is shown open, admitting the pressure to the cylinder, and in Fig. 13 the valve is shown closed, shutting off the pressure fluid from the cylinder and opening the communication to the exhaust-nozzle.

It will be observed that in Fig. 10 the parts are shown in position immediately upon closing the feed-door, the valve 25 having just been closed by the closing of the door and the valve 24 opened to admit the pressure fluid to the cylinder at the right of the piston to open the draft-regulator.

To prevent burningoutof the damper when exposed to the high temperature of the furnace, the damper is constructed as a shell inclosing a chamber and is provided with perforations 34 and is mounted upon a tubular stem The heat to which the damper is exposed generates a current of air down the stem and through the perforations, by which the damper is protected from the injurious effects of the heat. This current of air also adds an increment of oxygen at the throat, which is of beneficial effect in the action of the furnace, such air circulation being sufficient under ordinary circumstances to insure protection; but in some situations" where higher temperatures are maintained, under which the circulation of air through the damper is not sufficient to protect the damper, the construction shown in Figs. 7, 8, and 9 is employed, in which the perforations in the casing forming the damper are omitted and an ICC inclosed chamberprovided, with which the tubular stem 35 communicates. Said stem is provided at or near its upper end with a flange 36, by which it is mounted upon an internal rim 37 of a collar 38. A cap 39 telescopes with said collar and incloses the top of the stem, packing 40 being provided between said cap and the flange 36 to secure a Water-tight connection, the whole being clamped together by bolts passing through suitable flanges upon the collar and cap. Circulating- pipes 41 and 42 communicate with the boiler or other convenient water-supply entering through the cap, the inlet-pipe 41 extending a distance into the damper and the outlet-pipe merely passing through the cap and communicating with the top of the stem, and the stem and the damper by such construction are permitted a rotary motion. The circulation thus obtained through the heated damper is upon familiar principles, and the damper is fully protected thereby. The coupling, as above described,

v is mounted upon a bracket 43, secured upon the furnace.

In' Figs. 3 and 4 the auxiliary furnace is shown as located under the boiler and taking up a part of the space of the boiler-furnace proper. In such construction and arrangement the throat 9, as shownin Fig. 3, is formed by carrying a wall 9 horizontally over the auxiliary furnace and between it and the boiler, so that the combustion is completed in passing through the throat before the gases issue therefrom to come into contact with the boiler-surface. In the drawings but two compartments in the auxiliary furnace are shown; but it is manifest that as many'compartments maybe provided as may be desired or required by the exigencies of the work.

In the construction herein described by providing a plurality of compartments communicating with each other and each having separate and independent draftregulated outlets very great and important advantages are realized.

By such arrangement,as hereinbefore noted, when the feed-door of any compartment is opened to replenish the fire direct communication with the boiler-furnace is closed and the cold air entering at the door is carried through the openings in the division-wall into and over the live .fire in the adjoining compartment, and thus cold air is prevented from entering and coming in contact with the boiler-surface, and'again when the door is closed after firing, the arrangement being for the draft-regulator to open slowly, so that during the time it is opening and before the direct draft is reestablished the smoke or unconsumed fuel-gas arising from the green fuel may pass to and over the hot fire in the adjoining compartment, where such will be consumed, and thus a practically smokeless furnace will be obtained. It will also be ob served that in the throats or combustion- passages 9 and 10 time and space are provided in which complete combustion of the fuel gases and fuel products is effected before coming in contact with the'cooler boiler-surfaces, to be thereby cooled below the combustion-point and sent off as smoke to the chimney. It is well recognized that the temperature of the boiler-surface is much below the combustion-point of the fuel-gases, so that in ordinary furnace construction such fuelgases heated almost to the point of combustion coming in contact with the boiler-surface are thereby suddenly cooled greatly below that point and pass off to the chimney as smoke, this being a Very prolific source of the smoke nuisance, as well as the occasion of very great'waste of fuel and heat energy. It is then very apparent that by providing such combustion-passages in, and in passing through which the complete combustion of the fuel-gases and fuel'products is consummated before reaching the boilersurface a very great saving of fuel and heat energy is efiected and the smoke nuisance to a very considerable degree abated.

A further very important advantage is realized in electric-light plants and other situations in which the load is variable, where during a part of the day the full capacity of theboiler is required and during the remainder of the day but a small part of the full capacity is required. In such situation with the large boiler required for the heavy full load a large gratearea in the furnace is necessary; but with such large grate areato keep up such light fire only as is necessary for the light load is impossible without great Waste of fuel or heat energy, or both. With the construction herein described, however, when the full. load is on all the compartments may be brought into useand when only the light load is to be provided for only one or two, as may be needed, of the compartments need be used, the fires in the remaining compartments being banked and the draft-regulators closed, the draft through the openingsiinfihe division-walls being suflicient to keep the fires alive and the compartments heated ready when by the requirements of the heavy load they are called into use and are at instant command for full duty.

Having thus fully described my improvements, what I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1; The combination substantially as described of a boiler furnace, an auxiliary furnace independent of said boiler-furnace and comprising a plurality of communicating compartments, independent combustion-passages between each of said compartments and the boiler-furnace, and draft-regulators arranged to control the draft through said passages.

2. The combination substantially as described of' a boiler-furnace, an auxiliary furnace independent of said boiler-furnace and comprising a plurality of communicating compartments, independent combustion-passages between each of said compartments and the boiler-furnace, draft-regulators controlling the draft through said passages with the boiler-furnace, and means operated by the latch of the feed-doors for operating said draftregulators.

In a furnace having draft-regulators, the combination with said regulators, of a fluidpressure cylinder, a piston operating in said cylinder and having its piston-rod connected to the stem of said regulator, valves controlling the supply to and exhaust from said cylinder, cocks controlling the exhaust from said cylinder, a connecting-rod engaging and arranged to be operated by the latch of the feed-door and links directly connecting said rod with the valve-stems, whereby the valves HENRY R. SCOTT.

Witnesses:

O. A. LUCAS, A. JOHNSTON.

Images