US7017586B2 - Cigarette - Google Patents
Cigarette Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
 - US7017586B2 US7017586B2 US10/618,686 US61868603A US7017586B2 US 7017586 B2 US7017586 B2 US 7017586B2 US 61868603 A US61868603 A US 61868603A US 7017586 B2 US7017586 B2 US 7017586B2
 - Authority
 - US
 - United States
 - Prior art keywords
 - paper sheet
 - wrapping paper
 - cigarette
 - wrapping
 - outermost
 - Prior art date
 - Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
 - Expired - Lifetime
 
Links
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
 - 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
 - 241000208125 Nicotiana Species 0.000 claims abstract description 27
 - 235000002637 Nicotiana tabacum Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 27
 - 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
 - 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
 - 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
 - 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
 - 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 10
 - 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 10
 - 235000019506 cigar Nutrition 0.000 description 5
 - VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
 - 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 3
 - 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
 - 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
 - 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
 - 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
 - 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
 - 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
 - 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
 - 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
 - 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 description 2
 - 229960002635 potassium citrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
 - QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
 - 235000011082 potassium citrates Nutrition 0.000 description 2
 - 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
 - 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
 - 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
 - 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
 - 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 description 1
 - 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
 - XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
 - 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
 - 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 description 1
 - 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
 - 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 description 1
 - VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
 - 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
 - 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
 - 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
 - 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
 - 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
 - 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
 - 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
 - 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
 - 229910052624 sepiolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
 - 235000019355 sepiolite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
 - 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
 - NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
 
Classifications
- 
        
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
 - A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
 - A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
 - A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
 - A24D1/02—Cigars; Cigarettes with special covers
 
 
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cigarette, and more particularly, to a cigarette extinguishable unless smoked for a certain period of time after ignition.
 - Japanese Patent Disclosure No. 59-21800 discloses a self-extinguishing cigarette, in which an inflammable material such as an aluminum foil is formed annular around a wrapping paper sheet such that the burning of the cigarette is stopped at the annular inflammable material if the cigarette is not smoked for a certain period of time.
 - the conventional design technology of the self-extinguishing smoking article can be said to be satisfactory when it comes to only the aspect of providing merely a self-extinguishing cigarette.
 - the smoker feels very inconvenience, if the ignition is poor in smoking, for example, a cigar.
 - the pleasant smoking time is spoiled if the cigar is extinguished during the smoking.
 - Such a problem also takes place in the conventional self-extinguishing cigarette.
 - the cause of the problem is that, in the conventional cigarette design technology, attention is paid to the self-extinguishing properties alone, and the general smoking behavior of the smoker is neglected.
 - the time between the adjacent puffs (static burn time) is defined to be 58 seconds.
 - it is not reasonable to define uniformly the static burn time because smoking is a pleasure enjoyed by the individual smoker, though a cigarette that continues the static burn for a long time is not desirable in view of fire prevention.
 - an object of the present invention is to provide a self-extinguishing cigarette, in which the static burn time is assumed to be about 2 to 4 minutes, which is far beyond the static burn time in the ordinary smoking behavior, so as to permit the cigarette to be self-extinguished if the static burn of the cigarette is continued for at least 2 minutes.
 - the present inventors have found that the ignited cigarette is self-extinguished a certain period of time later if the outermost wrapping paper sheet among the wrapping paper sheets constituting the wrapping material of the tobacco filler material has a thermal conductivity of at least 0.5 W ⁇ K ⁇ 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 .
 - the present invention is based on this finding.
 - the present invention provides a cigarette comprising a tobacco section including a columnar tobacco filler material and a wrapping material including at least one cellulose-based wrapping paper sheet, wrapping the outer circumferential surface of the columnar tobacco filler material, wherein the outermost wrapping paper sheet of the wrapping material has a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W ⁇ K ⁇ 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 or more.
 - the outermost wrapping paper sheet contain 0 to 6% by weight of a loading or filler material.
 - a cigarette according to the present invention comprises a tobacco section including a columnar tobacco filler material and a wrapping material including at least one cellulose-based wrapping paper sheet, wrapping the outer circumferential surface of the columnar tobacco filler material.
 - the wrapping material wrapping the tobacco section includes at least one wrapping paper sheet.
 - the at least one wrapping paper sheet constituting the wrapping material is based on cellulose, and pulp used for manufacturing an ordinary wrapping paper sheet such as hemp pulp or wood pulp can be used as a base material of the wrapping paper sheet.
 - the wrapping sheet on the outermost side among the wrapping paper sheets constituting the wrapping material has a thermal conductivity of at least 0.5 W ⁇ K ⁇ 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 .
 - the thermal conductivity of the wrapping paper sheet can be controlled by controlling the amounts of a loading or filler material (generally, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, etc.) added to the pulp base material and the amount of pulp, as well as the paper layer structure.
 - a loading or filler material generally, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, etc.
 - the outermost wrapping paper sheet It is desirable for the outermost wrapping paper sheet to contain 0 to 6% of the loading material. It is possible to add a burn control agent such as sodium citrate or potassium citrate to the outermost wrapping paper sheet in an amount of, for example, 0 to 1.0% by weight.
 - a burn control agent such as sodium citrate or potassium citrate
 - the wrapping material wrapping the tobacco filler material may be formed solely of a wrapping paper sheet having a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W ⁇ K ⁇ 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 or more.
 - the current wrapping paper sheet having a thermal conductivity of 0.5 W ⁇ K ⁇ 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 or more has a high transparency.
 - the inside wrapping paper sheet may have a basis weight of 10 to 30 g/m 2 , and may contain 20 to 35% by weight of the loading material and 0 to 1.0 mass % of the burn control agent.
 - the tobacco filler material is not particularly different from that conventionally used in cigarettes.
 - the ordinary threaded tobacco and other substitute smoking materials can be used as the tobacco filler material.
 - the loading density of the tobacco filler material is not different from that used in the conventional cigarette.
 - the cigarette of the present invention may have an ordinary filter mounted to one end of the tobacco section.
 - Cigarettes were manufactured by the ordinary method by each using one wrapping paper sheet having the specification as shown in Table 1.
 - Table 1 shows the thermal conductivity, the basis weight, the loading material (% by weight of calcium carbonate), and the burn control agent (% by weight of potassium citrate).
 - the threaded tobacco was an ordinary commercial American blend and was loaded in a loading density of 237 mg/cm 3 .
 - each cigarette had a circumferential length of 24.8 mm.
 - the static burn rate of each cigarette was measured under a flat calm, with the cigarette disposed laterally.
 - the thermal conductivity of the cigarette was measured by the non-steady planar heat source method. Also measured was the time until the cigarette subjected to static burn to stop burning. The results are also shown in Table 1.
 - the cigarette of the present invention performs the function of self-extinction after static burn for about 2 to 4 minutes.
 
Landscapes
- Cigarettes, Filters, And Manufacturing Of Filters (AREA)
 - Paper (AREA)
 - Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
 - Laminated Bodies (AREA)
 
Abstract
Description
| TABLE 1 | |
| Specification of Wrapping Paper Sheet | |
| Air | ||||
| Burn | Thermal | Permea- | Cigarette | 
| Basis | Loading | Control | Conduct- | bility | Static Burn | Time until | |
| Weight | Material | Agent | ivity | (CORESTA | Rate | Burn Stops | |
| Kind | (g/m2) | (%) | (%) | (W/Km) | unit) | (mm/min) | (min) | 
| Comp. Ex. | A | 30 | 32 | 5.0 | 0.39 | 29 | 6.89 | — | 
| B | 31 | 40 | 1.0 | 0.38 | 25 | 5.52 | ||
| C | 32 | 14 | 0 | 0.43 | 26 | 4.15 | ||
| Present | D | 30 | 6 | 0 | 0.52 | 12 | — | 3.5 | 
| Invention | (Natural | |||||||
| extinction) | ||||||||
| E | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0.56 | 8 | — | 2.5 | |
| (Natural | ||||||||
| extinction) | ||||||||
| F | 30 | 0 | 1 | 0.56 | 8 | — | 2.5 | |
| (Natural | ||||||||
| extinction) | ||||||||
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001-006763 | 2001-01-15 | ||
| JP2001006763 | 2001-01-15 | ||
| PCT/JP2002/000047 WO2002054892A1 (en) | 2001-01-15 | 2002-01-09 | Cigarette | 
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date | 
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2002/000047 Continuation WO2002054892A1 (en) | 2001-01-15 | 2002-01-09 | Cigarette | 
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date | 
|---|---|
| US20040011368A1 US20040011368A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 
| US7017586B2 true US7017586B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 | 
Family
ID=18874603
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date | 
|---|---|---|---|
| US10/618,686 Expired - Lifetime US7017586B2 (en) | 2001-01-15 | 2003-07-15 | Cigarette | 
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link | 
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7017586B2 (en) | 
| EP (1) | EP1352574B1 (en) | 
| JP (1) | JP3785145B2 (en) | 
| KR (1) | KR100532879B1 (en) | 
| CN (1) | CN1221191C (en) | 
| AT (1) | ATE521252T1 (en) | 
| CA (1) | CA2434453C (en) | 
| DK (1) | DK1352574T3 (en) | 
| ES (1) | ES2369353T3 (en) | 
| PT (1) | PT1352574E (en) | 
| TW (1) | TW537869B (en) | 
| WO (1) | WO2002054892A1 (en) | 
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060174904A1 (en) * | 2005-02-07 | 2006-08-10 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking articles having reduced analyte levels and process for making same | 
| US20070295348A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-27 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Free air burning smoking articles with reduced ignition proclivity characteristics | 
| US9149068B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2015-10-06 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Wrapper having reduced ignition proclivity characteristics | 
| US12144368B2 (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2024-11-19 | Kt&G Corporation | Externally heated aerosol generation device and cigarette used in aerosol generation device | 
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1839717B (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2012-02-29 | 施韦策-莫杜伊特国际公司 | Smoking articles with reduced ignition proclivity characteristics | 
| US6779530B2 (en) | 2002-01-23 | 2004-08-24 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking articles with reduced ignition proclivity characteristics | 
| US20050005947A1 (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2005-01-13 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking articles having reduced carbon monoxide delivery | 
| UA92852C2 (en) * | 2006-12-11 | 2010-12-10 | Джапан Тобакко Инк. | Low fire spreading cigarette, wrapping paper for thereof and method for making wrapping paper | 
| CA2688276C (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2015-09-08 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking articles having reduced ignition proclivity characteristics | 
| BRPI0905963B1 (en) | 2008-02-22 | 2019-11-05 | Schweitzer Mauduit Int Inc | smoking article, paper wrapping and process for forming a paper wrapping for a smoking article | 
| CN101581060B (en) * | 2008-05-16 | 2013-03-13 | 印莫格不动产采购有限责任公司 | Cigarette packaging material and cigarettes | 
| GB201810738D0 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-08-15 | Nicoventures Trading Ltd | An aerosol generating component for a tobacco heating device and mouthpiece therefor | 
Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54151198A (en) | 1978-05-19 | 1979-11-28 | Kouji Kouda | Tobacco with fire extinguisher | 
| JPS5529955A (en) | 1978-08-21 | 1980-03-03 | Michiharu Nakayama | Tobacco winding paper for fire prevention | 
| JPS56144081A (en) | 1980-04-08 | 1981-11-10 | Tadayasu Hiraoka | Cigarette | 
| JPS5921800A (en) | 1982-07-29 | 1984-02-03 | 棚橋 胖 | Fire retardant paper | 
| JPS60164472A (en) | 1984-02-07 | 1985-08-27 | 加瀬 良三 | Cigarette | 
| JPS6384474A (en) | 1986-09-27 | 1988-04-15 | 徳田 雅生 | Tobacco with fire preventing device | 
| US5105835A (en) * | 1989-01-25 | 1992-04-21 | Imperial Tobacco, Ltd. | Smoking articles | 
| US5203355A (en) | 1991-02-14 | 1993-04-20 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Cigarette with cellulosic substrate | 
| DE4202750A1 (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-05 | Milkovic Ana Marija | Self-extinguishing cigarette wrapped in usual type of cigarette paper - has at mouthpiece end short sleeve of incombustible material of high thermal conductivity | 
| US5327915A (en) | 1992-11-13 | 1994-07-12 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. | Smoking article | 
| US5921249A (en) | 1997-07-14 | 1999-07-13 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | High and low porosity wrapping papers for smoking articles | 
| US6000404A (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1999-12-14 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Smoking articles | 
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2555957A1 (en) * | 1975-12-12 | 1977-06-16 | Martin Dipl Chem Muehlhaeusser | Cigarette with perforated aluminium foil casing - for cooling smoke and preventing continuous falling of ash | 
- 
        2002
        
- 2002-01-09 WO PCT/JP2002/000047 patent/WO2002054892A1/en active IP Right Grant
 - 2002-01-09 JP JP2002555641A patent/JP3785145B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
 - 2002-01-09 ES ES02729377T patent/ES2369353T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
 - 2002-01-09 DK DK02729377.8T patent/DK1352574T3/en active
 - 2002-01-09 CA CA002434453A patent/CA2434453C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
 - 2002-01-09 AT AT02729377T patent/ATE521252T1/en active
 - 2002-01-09 KR KR10-2003-7008867A patent/KR100532879B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
 - 2002-01-09 PT PT02729377T patent/PT1352574E/en unknown
 - 2002-01-09 EP EP02729377A patent/EP1352574B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
 - 2002-01-09 CN CNB028035836A patent/CN1221191C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
 - 2002-01-14 TW TW091100362A patent/TW537869B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
 
 - 
        2003
        
- 2003-07-15 US US10/618,686 patent/US7017586B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
 
 
Patent Citations (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS54151198A (en) | 1978-05-19 | 1979-11-28 | Kouji Kouda | Tobacco with fire extinguisher | 
| JPS5529955A (en) | 1978-08-21 | 1980-03-03 | Michiharu Nakayama | Tobacco winding paper for fire prevention | 
| JPS56144081A (en) | 1980-04-08 | 1981-11-10 | Tadayasu Hiraoka | Cigarette | 
| JPS5921800A (en) | 1982-07-29 | 1984-02-03 | 棚橋 胖 | Fire retardant paper | 
| JPS60164472A (en) | 1984-02-07 | 1985-08-27 | 加瀬 良三 | Cigarette | 
| JPS6384474A (en) | 1986-09-27 | 1988-04-15 | 徳田 雅生 | Tobacco with fire preventing device | 
| US5105835A (en) * | 1989-01-25 | 1992-04-21 | Imperial Tobacco, Ltd. | Smoking articles | 
| US6000404A (en) * | 1990-06-21 | 1999-12-14 | British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited | Smoking articles | 
| US5203355A (en) | 1991-02-14 | 1993-04-20 | R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Company | Cigarette with cellulosic substrate | 
| DE4202750A1 (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1993-08-05 | Milkovic Ana Marija | Self-extinguishing cigarette wrapped in usual type of cigarette paper - has at mouthpiece end short sleeve of incombustible material of high thermal conductivity | 
| US5327915A (en) | 1992-11-13 | 1994-07-12 | Brown & Williamson Tobacco Corp. | Smoking article | 
| US5921249A (en) | 1997-07-14 | 1999-07-13 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | High and low porosity wrapping papers for smoking articles | 
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20060174904A1 (en) * | 2005-02-07 | 2006-08-10 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking articles having reduced analyte levels and process for making same | 
| US20110000497A1 (en) * | 2005-02-07 | 2011-01-06 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking Articles Having Reduced Analyte Levels and Process For Making Same | 
| US8151806B2 (en) | 2005-02-07 | 2012-04-10 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Smoking articles having reduced analyte levels and process for making same | 
| US20070295348A1 (en) * | 2006-06-01 | 2007-12-27 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Free air burning smoking articles with reduced ignition proclivity characteristics | 
| US8869805B2 (en) | 2006-06-01 | 2014-10-28 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Free air burning smoking articles with reduced ignition proclivity characteristics | 
| US9149068B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2015-10-06 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Wrapper having reduced ignition proclivity characteristics | 
| US9247769B2 (en) | 2012-10-11 | 2016-02-02 | Schweitzer-Mauduit International, Inc. | Wrapper having reduced ignition proclivity characteristics | 
| US12144368B2 (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2024-11-19 | Kt&G Corporation | Externally heated aerosol generation device and cigarette used in aerosol generation device | 
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date | 
|---|---|
| US20040011368A1 (en) | 2004-01-22 | 
| JP3785145B2 (en) | 2006-06-14 | 
| CN1484500A (en) | 2004-03-24 | 
| PT1352574E (en) | 2011-10-24 | 
| EP1352574A1 (en) | 2003-10-15 | 
| WO2002054892A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 
| CA2434453C (en) | 2007-02-20 | 
| JPWO2002054892A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 
| CN1221191C (en) | 2005-10-05 | 
| TW537869B (en) | 2003-06-21 | 
| KR100532879B1 (en) | 2005-12-01 | 
| ATE521252T1 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 
| EP1352574B1 (en) | 2011-08-24 | 
| EP1352574A4 (en) | 2010-10-13 | 
| DK1352574T3 (en) | 2011-10-03 | 
| KR20030062453A (en) | 2003-07-25 | 
| CA2434453A1 (en) | 2002-07-18 | 
| ES2369353T3 (en) | 2011-11-29 | 
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description | 
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment | 
             Owner name: JAPAN TOBACCO INC., JAPAN Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:TSUTSUMI, TAKEO;MIURA, KEIGO;REEL/FRAME:014283/0207;SIGNING DATES FROM 20030627 TO 20030701  | 
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| STCF | Information on status: patent grant | 
             Free format text: PATENTED CASE  | 
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| FEPP | Fee payment procedure | 
             Free format text: PAYOR NUMBER ASSIGNED (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: ASPN); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY  | 
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| FPAY | Fee payment | 
             Year of fee payment: 4  | 
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| FPAY | Fee payment | 
             Year of fee payment: 8  | 
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| MAFP | Maintenance fee payment | 
             Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 12TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1553) Year of fee payment: 12  |