US7006743B2 - Chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multiband chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber comprising successively, from the center toward the periphery, a central slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding, a buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding, and an annular slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding and lower than the maximum index of the central slice, a cladding of constant index, and having, on the one hand, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, firstly a chromatic dispersion of less than −8 ps/nm.km, secondly a chromatic dispersion to dispersion slope ratio whose absolute value is greater than 750 nm, and thirdly a mode diameter greater than 5 μm, and on the other hand, at the wavelength of 1625 nm, bending losses for a radius of 10 mm that are less than 400 dB/m.

Description

The field of the invention is that of optical fibers for wavelength division multiplex transmission networks.

The increase in information bit rates on this type of network imposes compensation of chromatic dispersion and dispersion slope over an increasingly wide band of the spectrum. The S band corresponds to a band of the spectrum from approximately 1460 nm to 1530 nm. The C band corresponds to a band of the spectrum from approximately 1530 nm to 1565 nm. The L band corresponds to a band of the spectrum from approximately 1565 nm to 1625 nm. The U band corresponds to a band of the spectrum from approximately 1625 nm to 1675 nm. The most widely used band of the spectrum is the C band. There is an increasing tendency to want to use, in addition to the C band, the S, L and even U bands.

Associating dispersion shifted optical fibers for reducing nonlinear crossed effects, known as nonzero dispersion shifted fibers (NZ-DSF), with dispersion compensating fibers (DCF), is known in the art, and produces a transmission line with zero dispersion over a wide band of the spectrum.

A first prior art solution, as described in patent application WO 01/01179, for example, uses a chromatic dispersion compensated optical fiber having a low dispersion slope, but the chromatic dispersion to dispersion slope ratio for the optical fiber concerned is too low and does not effectively compensate NZ-DSF line fibers of low dispersion slope.

In a second prior art solution, described at the OECC/IOOC′01 conference, in a paper entitled “Dispersion flattened fiber with high negative dispersion”, digital simulations describe a chromatic dispersion compensated optical fiber whose chromatic dispersion to dispersion slope ratio is very high, but the simulations, described orally at the same conference, do not confirm this and to the contrary yield usual values including a mode diameter of the order of 4 μm.

The invention proposes a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber which, having a chromatic dispersion to dispersion slope ratio that is sufficiently high, and advantageously having a low dispersion slope, can compensate an NZ-DSF line fiber of low dispersion slope. The chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention also has a relatively high mode diameter, and can therefore be used in optical transmission lines at very high bit rates, for example greater than 40 Gbits/s. The compromise obtained with the chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention enables effective compensation over a very wide range of the spectrum, possibly encompassing the S, C, L and U bands.

In accordance with the invention, there is provided an optical fiber for compensating chromatic dispersion over a plurality of bands of the spectrum, including at least the C band, for wavelength division multiplex transmission networks, including successively, from the center toward the periphery, a core having a varying index profile and then a cladding of constant index, the varying index profile of the core comprising successively, from the center toward the periphery, a central slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding, a buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding, and an annular slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding and lower than the maximum index of the central slice, the radii and the indices of each of the slices being determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, on the one hand, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, firstly a chromatic dispersion of less than −8 ps/nm.km, secondly a chromatic dispersion to dispersion slope ratio whose absolute value is greater than 750 nm, and thirdly a mode diameter greater than 5 μm, and on the other hand, at the wavelength of 1625 nm, bending losses for a radius of 10 mm that are less than 400 dB/m.

The radii and the indices of each of the slices are preferably determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion to dispersion slope ratio whose absolute value is greater than 1500 nm.

The chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention preferably compensates the chromatic dispersion of a line optical fiber over the S, C, L and U bands.

The radii and the indices of each of the slices are preferably determined so that said dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a dispersion slope whose absolute value is less than 0.02 ps/nm².km.

The radii and the indices of each of the slices of the chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention are preferably determined so that said dispersion compensation optical fiber has an effective area greater than 20 μm² at the wavelength of 1550 nm.

The chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention is associated with a line optical fiber in a fiber optic transmission system. In one embodiment the fiber optic transmission system comprises the combination of a line optical fiber and a dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention incorporated in the line. In another embodiment the fiber optic transmission system comprises the combination of a line optical fiber and a dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention accommodated in a module.

In a first preferred embodiment of the invention, the chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention has a first type of varying core index profile with three slices. The first type of varying core index profile consists in succession, from the center toward the periphery, of a central slice having a maximum index higher than the index of the cladding, a buried slice having a minimum index lower than the index of the cladding, and an annular slice having a maximum index higher than the index of the cladding and lower than the maximum index of the central slice. The central slice is preferably trapezium-shaped or rectangular, but can also be triangular or alpha-shaped, for example. The other slices are preferably rectangular, but can also be triangular, trapezium-shaped, or alpha-shaped, for example.

A number of preferred ranges or relations are given next, in particular for the indices and the radii of the second type of core index profile, that improve the range of the spectrum over which the chromatic dispersion of the line optical fiber is compensated as effectively as possible by the chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention and other properties of the chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention.

In a first family of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers, the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion from −40 ps/nm.km to −8 ps/nm.km. It is in this first family, rather than the second family described later, that it is particularly advantageous for the dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention to have a low dispersion slope.

The difference (Δn₂) between the minimum index of the buried slice and the index of the cladding is preferably from −3.10⁻³ to 0 and the outside radius (r₂) of the buried slice is preferably from 5.8 μm to 8.5 μm.

The difference (Δn₃) between the maximum index of the annular slice and the index of the cladding is preferably from 1.10⁻³ to 6.10⁻³ and the outside radius (r₃) of the annular slice is preferably from 7.2 μm to 9.7 μm.

The value $\left(S_1=2·{\int }_o^{\mathrm{r1}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$
of twice the integral between a zero radius and the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius by the index difference relative to the cladding is preferably from 39.10⁻³ to 65.10⁻³ μm².

The value $\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="US07006743-20060228-D00003.png,US07006743-20060228-D00005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2=2·{\int }_{\mathrm{r1}}^{\mathrm{r2}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$
of twice the integral between the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding and the radius (r₂) of the portion of the buried slice having an index lower than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius and the index difference relative to the cladding is preferably from −150.10⁻³ to −10.10⁻³ μm².

The value $\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="US07006743-20060228-D00002.png,US07006743-20060228-D00004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3=2·{\int }_{\mathrm{r2}}^{\mathrm{r3}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$
of twice the integral between the radius (r₂) of the portion of the buried slice having an index lower than the index of the cladding and the radius (r₃) of the portion of the annular slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius and the index difference relative to the cladding is preferably from 30.10⁻³ to 140.10⁻³ μm².

The value $\left(S_{11}=3·{\int }_0^{\mathrm{r1}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r"\; filenames="US07006743-20060228-D00003.png,US07006743-20060228-D00005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}^2·dr\right)$
of three times the integral between a zero radius and the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding of the product of the square of the radius and the index difference relative to the index of the cladding is from 59.10⁻³ μm³ to 123.10⁻³ μm³.

If the central slice is rectangular, the difference (Δn₁) between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is preferably from 14.10⁻³ to 20.10⁻³ and the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding is preferably from 1.4 μm to 1.9 μm.

If the central slice is trapezium-shaped, the difference (Δn₁) between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is preferably from 14.10⁻³ to 20.10^−3, the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding is preferably from 1.4 μm to 1.9 μm, and the radius (r_1a) of the portion of the central slice having the maximum index of the central slice is preferably from 1.3 μm to 1.9 μm.

In a second family of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers, the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion of less than −40 ps/nm.km.

The difference (Δn₂) between the minimum index of the buried slice and the index of the cladding is preferably from −5.10⁻³ to 0 and the outside radius (r₂) of the buried slice is preferably from 3.7 μm to 6.7 μm.

The difference (Δn₃) between the maximum index of the annular slice and the index of the cladding is preferably from 1.10⁻³ to 8.10⁻³ and the outside radius (r₃) of the annular slice is preferably from 6.1 μm to 8.4 μm.

The value $\left(S_1=2·{\int }_o^{\mathrm{r1}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$
of twice the integral between a zero radius and the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius by the index difference relative to the cladding is preferably from 32.10⁻³ to 52.10⁻³ μm².

The value $\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="US07006743-20060228-D00003.png,US07006743-20060228-D00005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2=2·{\int }_{\mathrm{r1}}^{\mathrm{r2}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$
of twice the integral between the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding and the radius (r₂) of the portion of the buried slice having an index lower than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius and the index difference relative to the cladding is preferably from −70.10⁻³ to −4.10⁻³ μm².

The value $\left({\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="US07006743-20060228-D00002.png,US07006743-20060228-D00004.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3=2·{\int }_{\mathrm{r2}}^{\mathrm{r3}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$
of twice the integral between the radius (r₂) of the portion of the buried slice having an index lower than the index of the cladding and the radius (r₃) of the portion of the annular slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius and the index difference relative to the cladding is preferably from 7.10⁻³ to 150.10⁻³ μm².

The value $\left(S_{11}=3·{\int }_0^{\mathrm{r1}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="r"\; filenames="US07006743-20060228-D00003.png,US07006743-20060228-D00005.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">r</figure-callout>}}^2·dr\right)$
of three times the integral between a zero radius and the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding of the product of the square of the radius and the index difference relative to the index of the cladding is preferably from 40.10⁻³ μm³ to 80.10⁻³ μm³.

If the central slice is rectangular, the difference (Δn₁) between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is preferably from 17.10⁻³ to 25.10⁻³ and the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding is preferably from 1.2 μm to 1.7 μm.

If the central slice is trapezium-shaped, the difference (Δn₁) between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is preferably from 17.10⁻³ to 25.10^−3, the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding is preferably from 1.2 μm to 1.7 μm, and the radius (r_1a) of the portion of the central slice having the maximum index of the central slice is preferably from 1.1 μm to 1.7 μm.

For all chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers corresponding to the first embodiment, the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has a theoretical cut-off wavelength greater than 1600 nm.

In a second preferred embodiment of the invention, the chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention has a second type of varying core index profile with four slices. The second type of varying core index profile comprises, in succession, from the center toward the periphery, a central slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding, a first buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding, an annular slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding and lower than the maximum index of the central slice, and a second buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding. The central slice is preferably rectangular, but it can also be triangular, trapezium-shaped, or alpha-shaped. The other slices are preferably rectangular, but they can also be triangular, trapezium-shaped, or alpha-shaped, for example.

In a third embodiment, the chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention has a third type of varying core index profile that comprises, in succession, from the center toward the periphery, a central slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding, a buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding, a first annular slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding and lower than the maximum index of the central slice, and a second annular slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding and higher than the index of the first annular slice. The central slice is preferably rectangular, but it can also be triangular, trapezium-shaped, or alpha-shaped. The other slices are preferably rectangular, but they can also be triangular, trapezium-shaped, or alpha-shaped, for example.

In a fourth embodiment, the chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention has a fourth type of varying core index profile which successively comprises, from the center toward the periphery, a central slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding, a first buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding, a second buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding and higher than the index of the first buried slice, and an annular slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding and lower than the maximum index of the central slice. The central slice is preferably rectangular, but it can also be triangular, trapezium-shaped or alpha-shaped. The other slices are preferably rectangular, but they can also be triangular, trapezium-shaped or alpha-shaped, for example.

For all chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention conforming to the second, third, and fourth embodiments, the radii and the indices of each of the slices are preferably determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has a theoretical cut-off wavelength higher than 1550 nm.

The invention will be better understood and other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description and the appended drawings, provided by way of example, in which:

FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically one example of a first type of profile with three slices of a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a table containing radii and index difference values for ten examples of profiles for the FIG. 1 example of a first type of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention;

FIG. 3 is a table containing some properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a table containing other properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a table containing further properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a table containing still further properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 shows diagrammatically another example of a first type of profile with three slices of a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention;

FIG. 8 is a table containing radii and index difference values for ten examples of profiles for the FIG. 7 example of a first type of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention;

FIG. 9 is a table containing some properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 8;

FIG. 10 is a table containing other properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 8;

FIG. 11 is a table containing further properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 8;

FIG. 12 is a table containing still further properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 8;

FIG. 13 shows diagrammatically second, third and fourth types of profile with four slices of a chromatic dispersion optical fiber according to the invention;

FIG. 14 is a table containing radii and index difference values for ten examples of second, third, and fourth types of profile of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention;

FIG. 15 is a table containing some properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 is a table containing other properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 is a table containing further properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 14;

FIG. 18 is a table containing still further properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 14;

FIG. 19 shows the variation of the chromatic dispersion in the S, C, L and U bands, for the profile examples 8a, 8b, and 2c.

FIG. 1 shows diagrammatically one example of a first type of profile with three slices of a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention. The first slice, called the central slice, has a maximum index difference Δn₁ relative to the constant index of the cladding and an outside radius r₁. The maximum index difference Δn₁ is positive. The index is preferably constant and at a maximum between a zero radius and the radius r₁. The second slice, called the buried slice, has a maximum index difference Δn₂ relative to the constant index of the cladding and an outside radius r₂. The maximum index difference Δn₂ is negative. The index is preferably constant between the radius r₁ and the radius r₂. The third slice, called the annular slice, has a maximum index difference Δn₃ relative to the constant index of the cladding and an outside radius r₃. The maximum index difference Δn₃ is positive. The index is preferably constant between the radius r₂ and the radius r₃. Beyond the radius r₃ is the constant index cladding.

FIG. 2 is a table containing radii and index difference values for ten examples of profiles for this example of a first type of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention. The left-hand column lists the examples from 1a to 10a. The next three columns represent the radii in μm of the varying index profile of the core. The last three columns give 1000 times the index differences (no units).

FIG. 3 is a table containing some properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 2. The left-hand column lists the examples from 1a to 10a. For each example considered, the other columns represent properties of the optical fiber corresponding to the example concerned. The next column represents the dispersion slope C′ expressed in ps/nm².km at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The next column represents the chromatic dispersion C to dispersion slope C′ ratio expressed in nm at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The next column represents the mode diameter 2W₀₂ expressed in μm at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The last column represents the theoretical cut-off wavelength λ_cth expressed in nm.

FIG. 4 is a table containing other properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 2. The left-hand column lists the examples, as already explained hereinabove. For each example considered, the other columns represent properties of the optical fiber corresponding to the example concerned. The next four columns represent the effective area S_eff expressed in μm² at respective wavelengths of 1460 nm, 1550 nm, 1625 nm and 1675 nm.

FIG. 5 is a table containing further properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 2. The left-hand column lists the examples, as already explained hereinabove. For each example considered, the other columns represent properties of the optical fiber corresponding to the example concerned. The next four columns represent the chromatic dispersion C expressed in ps/nm.km at respective wavelengths of 1460 nm, 1550 nm, 1625 nm and 1675 nm.

FIG. 6 is a table containing still further properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 2. The left-hand column lists the examples, as already explained hereinabove. For each example considered, the other columns represent properties of the optical fiber corresponding to the example concerned. The next three columns represent maximum bending loss thresholds expressed in dB/m for a radius of 10 mm at respective wavelengths of 1550 nm, 1625 nm and 1675 nm. For example, said bending losses are less than 3 dB/m in example 1a. The next three columns represent maximum bending loss thresholds expressed in dB/m for a radius of 30 mm at respective wavelengths 1550 nm, 1625 nm and 1675 nm.

FIG. 7 shows diagrammatically another example of a first type of profile with three slices of a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention. The first slice, called the central slice, has a maximum index difference Δn₁ relative to the constant index of the cladding and an outside radius r_1b. The maximum index difference Δn₁ is positive. The index is preferably constant and at a maximum between a zero radius and the radius r_1a; it becomes equal to that of the cladding for a value r₁ of the radius and reaches that of the second slice for a value r_1b. The second slice, called the buried slice, has a maximum index difference Δn₂ relative to the constant index of the cladding and an outside radius r₂. The maximum index difference Δn₂ is negative. The index is preferably constant between the radius r_1b and the radius r₂. The third slice, called the annular slice, has a maximum index difference Δn₃ relative to the constant index of the cladding and an outside radius r₃. The maximum index difference Δn₃ is positive. The index is preferably constant between the radius r₂ and the radius r₃. Beyond the radius r₃ is the constant index cladding.

FIG. 8 is a table containing radii and index difference values for ten examples of profiles for this example of a first type of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention. The left-hand column lists the examples from 1b to 10b. The next five columns express in μm the radii of the varying index profile of the core. The last three columns express 1000 times the index differences (no units).

FIG. 9 is a table containing some properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 8. Its description is analogous to that of FIG. 3.

FIG. 10 is a table containing other properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 8. Its description is analogous to that of FIG. 4.

FIG. 11 is a table containing further properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 8. Its description is analogous to that of FIG. 5.

FIG. 12 is a table containing still further properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 8. Its description is analogous to that of FIG. 6.

FIG. 13 shows diagrammatically second, third and fourth types of profile with four slices of a chromatic dispersion optical fiber according to the invention. The first slice, called the central slice, has a maximum index difference Δn₁ relative to the constant index of the cladding and an outside radius r₁. The maximum index difference Δn₁ is positive. The index is preferably constant between a zero radius and the radius r₁. The second slice, called the buried slice, has a maximum index difference Δn₂ relative to the constant index of the cladding and an outside radius r₂. The maximum index difference Δn₂ is negative. The index is preferably constant between the radius r₁ and the radius r₂. For the second and third types of profile, the third slice, called the annular slice, has a maximum index difference Δn₃ relative to the constant index of the cladding and outside radius r₃. The maximum index difference Δn₃ is positive. The index is preferably constant between the radius r₂ and the radius r₃. For the fourth type of profile, the third slice, called the buried slice, has a maximum index difference Δn₃ relative to the constant index of the cladding and an outside radius r₃. The maximum index difference Δn₃ is negative. The index is preferably constant between the radius r₂ and the radius r₃. For the second type of profile, the fourth slice, called the buried slice, has a maximum index difference Δn₄ relative to the constant index of the cladding and an outside radius r₄. The maximum index difference Δn₄ is negative. The index is preferably constant between the radius r₃ and the radius r₄. Beyond the radius r₄ is the constant index cladding. For the third and fourth types of profile, the fourth slice, called the annular slice, has a maximum index difference Δn₄ relative to the constant index of the cladding and an outside radius r₄. The maximum index difference Δn₄ is positive. The index is preferably constant between the radius r₃ and the radius r₄. Beyond the radius r₄ is the constant index cladding.

FIG. 14 is a table containing radii and index difference values for ten examples of second, third, and fourth types of profile of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention. The left-hand column lists the examples from 1c to 10c. The next four columns express in μm the radii of the varying core index profile. The last four columns express 1000 times the index differences (no units).

FIG. 15 is a table containing some properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 14. Its description is analogous to that of FIG. 3.

FIG. 16 is a table containing other properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 14. Its description is analogous to that of FIG. 4.

FIG. 17 is a table containing further properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 14. Its description is analogous to that of FIG. 5.

FIG. 18 is a table containing still further properties of profiles of chromatic dispersion compensation optical fibers according to the invention as defined in FIG. 14. Its description is analogous to that of FIG. 6.

FIG. 19 shows the variation of the chromatic dispersion in the S, C, L and U bands, for the profile examples 8a, 8b, and 2c, respectively by way of the curves A, A′, and A″, in which the chromatic dispersion C expressed in ps/nm.km is plotted on the ordinate axis and the wavelength λ expressed in nm is plotted on the abscissa axis.

In a first additional preferred embodiment of a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention, the radii and the indices of each of the slices are also determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber also has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion from −200 ps/nm.km to −40 ps/nm.km and a difference Δn₁ between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding from 17.10⁻³ to 25.10⁻³. The moderate range of the values of the difference between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding yields a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber having not only improved attenuation and/or improved bending losses compared to optical fibers in which the difference between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is around 30.10⁻³ or more but also a chromatic dispersion more negative than optical fibers in which the difference between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is approximately 12.10⁻³ or less.

In a second additional preferred embodiment of a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention, the radii and the indices of each of the slices are also determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber also has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion less than −40 ps/nm.km, a difference Δn₁ between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding from 17.10⁻³ to 25.10⁻³, and a value $S_{}$ ${}_2=2·{\int }_{\mathrm{r1}}^{\mathrm{r2}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr,$
of twice the integral between the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding and the radius (r₂) of the portion of the buried slice having an index lower than the index of the cladding, of the product of the radius by the index difference relative to the cladding which is from −70.10⁻³ to −4.10⁻³ μm². The moderate range of the values of the difference between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding yields a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber having not only improved attenuation and/or improved bending losses compared to optical fibers in which the difference between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is around 30.10⁻³ or more but also a chromatic dispersion more negative than optical fibers in which the difference between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is approximately 12.10⁻³ or less.

The first and second additional preferred embodiments of the invention relate to optical fibers intended for use in modules.

In a third additional preferred embodiment of a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention, the radii and the indices of each of the slices are also determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber also has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion from −40 ps/nm.km to −15 ps/nm.km, and a negative dispersion slope. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber having a moderate absolute value of chromatic dispersion is advantageous compared to a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber whose chromatic dispersion has an absolute value that is low because a shorter length is then required to compensate a given line optical fiber; the chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber having an attenuation that is generally higher than the attenuation of the line optical fiber, it is advantageous for the transmission line to contain as little chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber as possible and as much line optical fiber as possible. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber whose dispersion slope is negative is advantageous compared to a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber whose dispersion slope is positive because the positive dispersion slope of the great majority of line optical fibers can then be easily compensated.

According to a preferred option of the third additional preferred embodiment of the invention, in the chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to the invention, the radii and the indices of each of the slices are also determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber also has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a difference Δn₁ between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding that is from 14.10⁻³ to 20.10⁻³. The moderate range of values of the difference between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding yields a chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber having not only improved attenuation and/or improved bending losses compared to optical fibers in which the difference between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is approximately 30.10⁻³ or more but also a chromatic dispersion more negative than optical fibers in which the difference between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is approximately 12.10⁻³ or less.

The third additional preferred embodiment of the invention relates to optical fibers for use as line fibers.

Claims (39)

1. An optical fiber for compensating chromatic dispersion over a plurality of bands of the spectrum, including at least the C band, for wavelength division multiplex transmission networks, including successively, from the center toward the periphery, a core having a varying index profile and then a cladding of constant index,

the varying index profile of the core comprising successively, from the center toward the periphery,

a central slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding,

a buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding, and

an annular slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding and lower than the maximum index of the central slice,

the radii and the indices of each of the slices being determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has,

on the one hand, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, firstly a chromatic dispersion of less than −8 ps/nm.km,

secondly a chromatic dispersion to dispersion slope ratio whose absolute value is greater than 750 nm, and

thirdly a mode diameter greater than 5 μm,

and on the other hand, at the wavelength of 1625 nm, bending losses for a radius of 10 mm that are less than 400 dB/m.

2. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion to dispersion slope ratio whose absolute value is greater than 1500 nm.

3. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber compensates the chromatic dispersion of a line optical fiber over the S, C, L and U bands.

4. A dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the varying index profile of the core successively comprises, from the center toward the periphery,

a central slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding,

a buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding, and

an annular slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding and lower than the maximum index of the central slice.

5. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 4, characterized in that

the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion from −40 ps/nm.km to −8 ps/nm.km,

the difference (Δn₂) between the minimum index of the buried slice and the index of the cladding is from −3.10⁻³ to 0, and

the outside radius (r₂) of the buried slice is from 5.8 μm to 8.5 μm.

6. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 5, characterized in that

the difference (Δn₃) between the maximum index of the annular slice and the index of the cladding is from 1.10⁻³ to 6.10⁻³, and

the outside radius (r₃) of the annular slice is from 7.2 μm to 9.7 μm.

7. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 6, characterized in that the value $\left(S_3=2·{\int }_{\mathrm{r2}}^{\mathrm{r3}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$

of twice the integral between the radius (r₂) of the portion of the buried slice having an index lower than the index of the cladding and the radius (r₃) of the portion of the annular slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius and the index difference relative to the cladding is from 30.10⁻³ to 140.10⁻³ μm².

8. A dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 4, characterized in that the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has a theoretical cut-off wavelength greater than 1600 nm.

9. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion from −40 ps/nm.km to −8 ps/nm.km.

10. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 9, characterized in that

the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion from −40 ps/nm.km to −8 ps/nm.km, and

the value $\left(S_1=2·{\int }_o^{\mathrm{r1}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$

 of twice the integral between a zero radius and the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius by the index difference relative to the cladding is from 39.10⁻³ to 65.10⁻³ μm².

11. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 10, characterized in that the value $\left(S_{11}=3·{\int }_0^{\mathrm{r1}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r^2·dr\right)$

of three times the integral between a zero radius and the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding of the product of the square of the radius and the index difference relative to the index of the cladding is from 59.10⁻³ μm³ to 123.10⁻³ μm³.

12. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 9, characterized in that

the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion from −40 ps/nm.km to −8 ps/nm.km, and

the value $\left(S_2=2·{\int }_{\mathrm{r1}}^{\mathrm{r2}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$

 of twice the integral between the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding and the radius (r₂) of the portion of the buried slice having an index lower than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius and the index difference relative to the cladding is from −150.10⁻³ to −10.10⁻³ μm².

13. A dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 9, characterized in that the central slice is rectangular.

14. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 13, characterized in that

the difference (Δn₁) between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is from 14.10⁻³ to 20.10⁻³, and

the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding is from 1.4 μm to 1.9 μm.

15. A dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 9, characterized in that the central slice is trapezium-shaped.

16. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 15, characterized in that

the difference (Δn₁) between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is from 14.10⁻³ to 20.10⁻³,

the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding is from 1.4 μm to 1.9 μm, and

the radius (r_1a) of the portion of the central slice having the maximum index of the central slice is from 1.31 μm to 1.88 μm.

17. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion of less than −40 ps/nm.km.

18. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 17, characterized in that

the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion from −40 ps/nm.km to −8 ps/nm.km,

the difference (Δn₂) between the minimum index of the buried slice and the index of the cladding is from −5.5×10⁻³ to 0, and

the outside radius (r₂) of the buried slice is from 3.7 μm to 6.7 μm.

19. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 18, characterized in that

the difference (Δn₃) between the maximum index of the annular slice and the index of the cladding is from 1.10⁻³ to 8.10⁻³, and

the outside radius (r₃) of the annular slice is from 6.1 μm to 8.4 μm.

20. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 19, characterized in that the value $\left(S_3=2·{\int }_{\mathrm{r2}}^{\mathrm{r3}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$

of twice the integral between the radius (r₂) of the portion of the buried slice having an index lower than the index of the cladding and the radius (r₃) of the portion of the annular slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius and the index difference relative to the cladding is from 7.10⁻³ to 150.10⁻³ μm².

21. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 18, characterized in that the value $\left(S_2=2·{\int }_{\mathrm{r1}}^{\mathrm{r2}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$

of twice the integral between the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding and the radius (r₂) of the portion of the buried slice having an index lower than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius and the index difference relative to the cladding is from −70.10⁻³ to −4.10⁻³ μm².

22. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 17, characterized in that

the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm, a chromatic dispersion from −40 ps/nm.km to −8 ps/nm.km, and

the value $\left(S_1=2·{\int }_0^{\mathrm{r1}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$

 of twice the integral between a zero radius and the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius by the index difference relative to the cladding is from 32.10⁻³ to 52.10⁻³ μm².

23. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 22, characterized in that the value $\left(S_{11}=3·{\int }_0^{\mathrm{r1}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r^2·dr\right)$

of three times the integral between a zero radius and the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding of the product of the square of the radius and the index difference relative to the index of the cladding is from 40.10⁻³ μm³ to 80.10⁻³ μm³.

24. A dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 17, characterized in that the central slice is rectangular.

25. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 24, characterized in that

the difference (Δn₁) between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is from 17.10⁻³ to 25.10⁻³ , and

the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding is from 1.2 μm to 1.7 μm.

26. A dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 17, characterized in that the central slice is trapezium-shaped.

27. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 26, characterized in that

the difference (Δn₁) between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is from 17.10⁻³ to 25.10⁻³,

the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding is from 1.2 μm to 1.7 μm, and

the radius (r_1a) of the portion of the central slice having the maximum index of the central slice is from 1.11 μm to 1.70 μm.

28. A dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the varying index profile of the core comprises successively, from the center towards the periphery,

a central slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding,

a buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding,

a first annular slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding and lower than the maximum index of the central slice, and

a second annular slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding and higher than the index of the first annular slice.

29. A dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 28, characterized in that the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has a theoretical cut-off wavelength greater than 1550 nm.

30. A dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the varying index profile of the core comprises successively, from the center toward the periphery,

a central slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding,

a first buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding,

a second buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding and higher than the index of the first buried slice, and

an annular slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding and lower than the maximum index of the central slice.

31. : A dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the varying index profile of the core comprises successively, from the center toward the periphery,

a central slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding,

a first buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding,

an annular slice whose maximum index is higher than the index of the cladding and lower than the maximum index of the central slice, and

a second buried slice whose minimum index is lower than the index of the cladding.

32. A dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has a dispersion slope whose absolute value is less than 0.02 ps/nm^2.km at the wavelength of 1550 nm.

33. A dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has an effective area greater than 20 μm² at the wavelength of 1550 nm.

34. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm,

a chromatic dispersion from −200 ps/nm.km to −40 ps/nm.km, and

a difference (Δn₁) between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding from 17.10⁻³ to 25.10⁻³.

35. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined so that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm,

a chromatic dispersion less than −40 ps/nm.km,

a difference (Δn₁) between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding from 17.10⁻³ to 25.10⁻³, and

a value $\left(S_2=2·{\int }_{\mathrm{r1}}^{\mathrm{r2}}\Delta n\left(r\right)·r·dr\right)$

 of twice the integral between the radius (r₁) of the portion of the central slice having an index higher than the index of the cladding and the radius (r₂) of the portion of the buried slice having an index lower than the index of the cladding of the product of the radius and the index difference relative to the cladding that is from −70.10⁻³ to −4.10⁻³ μm².

36. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that the radii and the indices of each of the slices are determined such that the dispersion compensation optical fiber has, at the wavelength of 1550 nm,

a chromatic dispersion from −40 ps/nm.km to −15 ps/nm.km, and

a dispersion slope that is negative.

37. A chromatic dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 36, characterized in that the difference (Δn₁) between the maximum index of the central slice and the index of the cladding is from 14.10⁻³ to 20.10⁻³.

38. An optical fiber transmission system comprising the combination of a line optical fiber and a dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, the dispersion compensation optical fiber being incorporated in the line.

39. An optical fiber transmission system comprising the combination of a line optical fiber and a dispersion compensation optical fiber according to claim 1, the dispersion compensation optical fiber being accommodated in a module.

Images