No. 695,088. Patented Mar. 11, I902.

- ,1. E. CAVANAGH.

WATER GIRGULATING SYSTEM FOR STEAM BOILERS. (Application filed A r; 13. 1901. (No Model.) 5 Sheets-8heet THE Noams PETERS do. uoTuumo" wAsuwm'ow, D- c.

No. 695,088. Patented Mar. II, 19 02.

J. E. CAVANAGH.

WATEB CIBCULATING SYSTEM FOR STE AM BOILERS. (Applcation fi ed Apt. 13. 1901. (No Model.) SSheets-Shemat 2.

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No. 695,03 Patented Mar. II, I902. M .1. E. CAVANAGH.

WATER GIRCULATING SYSTEM FOR STEAM BOILERS.

(Applic'ation filed Apr. 13. I901.)

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No. 695,088. Patented Mar. u, I902: J. E. GAVANAGH.

WATER CIRCULATING SYSTEM'FOR STEAM BOILERS.

(Application fllegi Apr. 13. 1901.)

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No. 695,088. Patented Mar. ll, I902.

Y J. E. CAVANAGH. WATER CI RCULATING SYSTEM FOR STEAM BOILERS.

(Application filed Apr. 13. 1901.!

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JOHN E. OAVANAGH, OF CLOQUET, MINNESOTA.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 695,088, dated March 11, 1902.

Application filed April 1S, 1901- Serial No. 55,611. (No model.) 4

T0 aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, JOHN E. CAVANAGH,

a citizen of the United States, residing at 010- quet, in the county of Carlton and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in \Vater-Girculating Systems of Steam-Boilers; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to steam-boilers, and is particularly directed to the improvement of the circulating system or connections therefor. v

The principal object of my invention is to provide circulating connections which will direct the circulating water back into the boiler in such manner that a spiral motion will be given to the. water within the boiler and around the generating-fines thereof. This spiral motion of the water is preferably started at one end of the boiler and continued to the opposite end thereof. Under this motion the temperature of the water throughout the boiler is kept very nearly even and an approximate equal amount of moving water is brought into contact with each generatingflue. Furthermore, by this same action or spiral movement of the water all mud or foreign material contained in the water will be kept stirred up and prevented from settling within the boiler, from which it follows that such sediment will be precipitated only within the mud-drum or other receptacle of the circulating connections which answers as a depository for such mud or sediment.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like characters indicate like parts throughout the several views.

Figure l is a view, partly in side elevation and partly in vertical section, showing an ordinary horizontal boiler having elected thereto a circulating system of connections arranged in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical section taken approximately on the irregular line 00 00 of Fig. 1, some parts being broken away. Fig. 3 is a View corresponding to Fig. 1, but illustrating a slightly-modified construction. Fig. 4. is a view corresponding to Figs. 1 and 3, but illustrating a construction in which a mud-drum is used in the circulating connections and illustrating also certain other novel features of my invention; and Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section taken approximately on the irregular line :0 03

In all the constructions described numeral 1 indicates the bodyof the boiler, the numeral 2 the fines, the numeral 3 the smoke-box, and the numeral 4 the smoke-stack of an ordinary horizontal boiler. The boiler is shown as supported and incased in the ordinary way by masonry, (indicated in its entirety by the numeral 5.)

Numeral 6 indicates the fire-box grate, the numeral 7 the front wall of the fire-box, and the numeral 8 the rear wall of the said firebox. The said wall 8 terminates below the bottom of the boiler 1 and serves to deflect upward the products of combustion as they pass from the fire-box or combustion-chamber 9 to the rearwardly-extended combustionchamber 10.

In the construction illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 the water circulates downward from the boiler through a downflow-pipe a, which is connected, as shown, by a T-head a to the rear end of a horizontally-extended pipe o to the forward end of which pipe another T- head a is shown as secured. The downfiowpipe Ct opens centrally from the lowermost and rearmost portion of the said boiler, and an exhaust or discharge pipe at, having a valve a opens from the T-head a and leads to a suit-able point of discharge. A removable cup-like section or cap a, normally closes the lower end of the T-head a shown in Fig. 1, the T-head a is located forward of the wall 8 and is exposed to the direct heat of the combustion within the fire-box. As best shown in Fig. 2, a two-pronged circulating-pipe 1) extends upward from the T- head a the same, as shown, being connected therewith by a suitable coupling Z). From the upper end of each prong or pipe I) a cir- As best flue-sheet l. Fromthe forward end of the other circulating-pipe b a single circulatingpipe 0 also opens into the right-hand side of the boiler, as viewed in Fig. 2, and through the said flue-sheet a. Preferably the pipes 0, c, and 0 should open through the flue-sheet 1 at points where they will not cause the removal of a flue or fiues.- Also the pipe 0 is advisably of such size that it will have a conductivity equal or approximately equal to the two pipes c and 0 taken together.

The construction illustrated in Fig. 3 is the same as that illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, except that the T-coupling a is located to the rear of the wall 8 and is connected with the elbow of the discharge-pipe o by means of a depending settling leg or tube a and a horizontal pipe a w In the construction illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 the discharge-pipe a is omitted, and to the forward end of the horizontally-extended pipe a a transversely-extended settling-drum fis secured, as shown by co'upling f. The sediment from the drum f is adapted to be drawn oif through a pipe f having a valve f whichis normally closed. In this arrangement the drum fis connected to the forward end of the boiler 1 by means of a pair of pipes g g, which open through one side of the boiler, and by a third pipe 9 which opens through the other side of the boiler. With this construction twice as much water will be introduced at one side of the boiler as there will at the other side. Hence the water in the boiler will be circulated with a spiral motion, but not to the same extent as in the construction wherein all of the circulating water is returned into the boiler at a common side thereof.

With the circulating connections described the circulating water is in the one instance returned to the front end of the boiler and delivered entirely at one side thereof, while in the other instance it is delivered on both sides; but an excessive amount is delivered on the one side. The same principle is involved in both arrangements, although the best results are obtained by delivering the water entirely to one side. In both cases the water is drawn off from the other end of the boiler at the bottom and central portion thereof. The hot water delivered at one side of the boiler tends to rapidly rise, and if delivered on both sides the water at that side which receives the greatest amount of hot water will rise with the greatest force. This action of the water, due, of course, to the law of convection and the returning cooler-currents, will produce a rotary motion of the water, and as the water is constantly drawn toward theopposite end of the boiler it will take a spiral motion. The expression deliveringin excess at one side is herein used in a generic sense to indicate delivering the water entirely at one side or delivering the water at both sides, but a materially greater amount at one side than at the other.

In the several constructions illustrated the lower horizontal pipes at are covered by a layer of fire-brick or similar fireproof material. This layer of brick 7c protects the pipe at from the intense heat from the combustion within the overlying chamber 10 and prevents the water from becoming intenselyheated before it has reached the forward end of the said pipe a at which point it is free to pass upward and back to the boiler. In this way an exceedingly rapid circulation is insured.

As another feature of my invention the cold water from the injector or other means of supply is delivered by a pipe 10, which terminates within the boiler in direct vertical line with the downflow-pipefor the circulating water, which downflow-pipe in the several constructions illustrated is a short pipe or. This inlet-pipe p is provided with a valve p, and at its depending end it is shown as provided with a slightly-contracted dischargenozzle 19 while in its sides it is shown as provided with several lateral openings 19 As the water introduced through the pipe 1) is very cold as compared with the water in the boiler, it will of course upon its introduction into the boiler be rapidly precipitated to the bottom of the same, and as it is thus precipitated directly over the downflow-pipe a the downward flow of the circulating water is thereby accelerated. In all of the constructions illustrated the downfiow flow of the cold water is through a single large pipe, and the return flow of the heated water is through a plurality of relatively small pipes.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the mud or sediment in the water will be precipitated to a considerable extent in the outlet-pipe a and also within the cup or cap a and after these are filled, or nearly so, within the horizontal pipe a Hence it is evident that with this construction the said parts a a and a must be cleaned quite frequently. This, however, may be very readily done by opening the valve 0. and blowing out the pipes a and a and by removing the cup a to clean the same.

The pipes a a a and a (illustrated in Fig. 3) may all be cleaned by blowing them out while the valve a is open.

As already indicated in the construction illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, the mud-drum may be cleaned out by opening the valve f It will of course be understood that my invention is capable of many modifications other than those herein illustrated. The means for producing a spiral or circular motion of the water within the boiler I consider, broadly, new.

What I claim, and desire to secnreby Letters Patent of the United States, is as follows:-

1. The combination with ahorizontal boiler, of circulating connections therefor receiving the water from the lower portion of one end of the boiler and delivering the same back into the other end of the boiler, an excessive amount of water being delivered at one side of thcboilerand above the pointofontlet from let from the other end of the boiler, substanlo the other end of said boiler. tially as described.

2. The combination with a horizontal boiler In testimony whereof I affix my signature having horizontally-extended fines, of circuin presence of two Witnesses.

5 lating' connections therefor, receiving the Water from the lower central portion of one end JGHN CAVANAGH' of the boiler and delivering the same back Witnesses: into the other end of the boiler, entirely at M. K. WHITTEMORE, one side thereof, and above the point of out- WALTER L. CASE.