US685198A - Process of reducing metals. - Google Patents
Process of reducing metals. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US685198A US685198A US5239101A US1901052391A US685198A US 685198 A US685198 A US 685198A US 5239101 A US5239101 A US 5239101A US 1901052391 A US1901052391 A US 1901052391A US 685198 A US685198 A US 685198A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metallic
- carbid
- oxid
- compound
- reducing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 11
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229960005069 calcium Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 235000001465 calcium Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- -1 chromium Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 5
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Al]=O KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
Definitions
- the object of my invention is to reduce metals from their double oxidssuch as aluminates, titanates, chromates, manganates,
- &c.-in a rapid, efficient, and economical manner; and it consists, essentially, in exposing compound oxids of the character aforementioned to the action of metallic carbids in a heatedor molten condition, substantially as hereinafter set forth.
- My invention relates particularly to the reduction of aluminium and production of alloys therewith from metallic aluminates by the action of a metallic carbid, such as cal cium carbid, but is not confined to the reduction of aluminium and production of alloys therewith, but may be applied to the reducmanganese, titanium, &c.
- a metallic carbid such as cal cium carbid
- I may reduce other metals-much as manganese, titanium, chromium, &c.-by employing a double oxid of said metals with an alkali metal forming manganates, t-itanates, chromates, 850., it being noted that the oxid of the heavier metallic base of the compound exists as an acid constituent of the salt employed.
- I can also employ alkali-metal aluminate direct-i. a, not produced during the process of production-without departing from the spirit of my invention.
- metallic car-bid as employed in this specification and claims is intended to include any mixture of combination of carbids as well as a simple carbid per se, and
- metallic oxid relates to oxid of a metal naturally existing in liquid or solid form under ordinary atmospheric pressure and temperature before oxidation.
- I can perform the reduction of the compound of metallic oxid with alkali metal per se in molten condition by the action of metallic carbid, or I can employ in conjunction therewith other compounds which may facilitate the fusion or reduction by dissolving or suspending the same in a state of fusion, the object being to reduce the compound of metallic oxid with, alkali metal in a state of fusion by action of a metallic carbid.
- I can also mix the ingredicuts and expose them to a heat capable of fusing the compound to be reduced or add either or both the compound to be reduced and reducing agent after fusion or during fusion, or I can add to the fused bath more compound to be reduced and reducing agent from time to time as desired, making the process continuous, withdrawing the reduced metal at intervals, without departing from the spirit of my invention, which consists in reducing a fused compound of alkali metal with metallic oxid by the action of metallic carbid.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
. tion ofmany other metals, such as chromium,
- U ITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
IIENRY SPENCER ,BLACKMORE, OF MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK.
PROCESS OF REDUCING METALS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 685,198, dated October 22, 1901.
Application filed March 22,1901. Serial No. 52,391. (No specimens.)
in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.
The object of my invention is to reduce metals from their double oxidssuch as aluminates, titanates, chromates, manganates,
&c.-in a rapid, efficient, and economical manner; and it consists, essentially, in exposing compound oxids of the character aforementioned to the action of metallic carbids in a heatedor molten condition, substantially as hereinafter set forth.
My invention relates particularly to the reduction of aluminium and production of alloys therewith from metallic aluminates by the action of a metallic carbid, such as cal cium carbid, but is not confined to the reduction of aluminium and production of alloys therewith, but may be applied to the reducmanganese, titanium, &c.
It is well known that many attempts have been made to reduce aluminium oxid by heating with carbon ;-but it is found that the great amount of heat required to be supplied to perform the reaction volatilizes the metal thus reduced. I have found, however, that by combining the aluminium oxid with an oxid of another metal forming aluminates-- such as sodium aluminate, potassium aluminate, &c.-that the aluminium oxid combined therewith can be readily reduced to a metallic state by exposing the aluminate in a molten condition to the action of calcium carbid.
The manner in which I prefer to carry out my process on a practical basis is to melt a mixture of chlorid of sodium and potassium in proportion of about two parts, by weight, of chlorid of sodium with one part, by weight,
of chlorid of potassium and add thereto aluminium hydroxid. Thereupon a reaction takes place liberating hydrochloric acid and producing a mixture of potassium and sodium aluminate which remains in a molten condition, or, in case of excess of the molten chlorids, remains dissolved in or mixed therewith. The aluminate thus produced forms the subject-matter of Letters Patent No. 618,772, issued tome on January 1, 1899. The reaction which takes place may be illustrated by the following chemical formula or equation: 4NaCl+Al (OH) Na Al 0,,+2NaCl+2H O+2HC1. I then add to this molten bath of alkali-metal aluminate or molten alkali chlorids containing alkali-metal aluminate an equivalent of calcium carbid, at. which time a reaction takes place, finally producing aluminium, calcium oxid, alkali-metal oxid, and carbonic oxid. If, however, the calcium carbid is in excess of that necessary to reduce all of the aluminium oxid present in the compound, an alloy of calcium and aluminium results. It is not necessary to state that other metallic carbids may be employed-such as magnesium carbid, aluminium carbid, &c.-so long as the carbon content of the carbid employed has greater affinity for the oxygen content of the compound to be reduced, in which case aluminium or alloys with the metallic base of the carbid employed may be obtained. The reaction which takes place may be illustrated by the following chemical formula or equation:
It is obvious also that I may reduce other metals-much as manganese, titanium, chromium, &c.-by employing a double oxid of said metals with an alkali metal forming manganates, t-itanates, chromates, 850., it being noted that the oxid of the heavier metallic base of the compound exists as an acid constituent of the salt employed. I can also employ alkali-metal aluminate direct-i. a, not produced during the process of production-without departing from the spirit of my invention.
The term metallic car-bid as employed in this specification and claims is intended to include any mixture of combination of carbids as well as a simple carbid per se, and
the term metallic oxid relates to oxid of a metal naturally existing in liquid or solid form under ordinary atmospheric pressure and temperature before oxidation.
It is obvious that I can perform the reduction of the compound of metallic oxid with alkali metal per se in molten condition by the action of metallic carbid, or I can employ in conjunction therewith other compounds which may facilitate the fusion or reduction by dissolving or suspending the same in a state of fusion, the object being to reduce the compound of metallic oxid with, alkali metal in a state of fusion by action of a metallic carbid. I can also mix the ingredicuts and expose them to a heat capable of fusing the compound to be reduced or add either or both the compound to be reduced and reducing agent after fusion or during fusion, or I can add to the fused bath more compound to be reduced and reducing agent from time to time as desired, making the process continuous, withdrawing the reduced metal at intervals, without departing from the spirit of my invention, which consists in reducing a fused compound of alkali metal with metallic oxid by the action of metallic carbid.
Having now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
1. The process of reducing metals .which consists in exposing a compound of a metallic oxid with an alkali metal in a molten state to the action of a metallic carbid capable of reducing said compound.
2. The process of reducing metals which consists in exposing a molten bath containing a compound of a metallic oxid with an alkali metal, to the action of a metal carbid capable of reducing said compound.
3. The process of reducing aluminium which consists in exposing an aluminate in a molten state to the action of a metallic carbid capable of reducing said compound.
at. The process of reducing aluminium, which consists in exposing a molten bath containing aluminate to the action of metallic carbid capable of reducing said compound.
5. The process of reducing aluminium which consists in exposing a molten bath containing an alkali-metal aluminate to the action of a metallic carbid capable of reducing said compound.
6. The process of reducing aluminium, which consists in exposing an aluminate in a molten state to the action of calcium carbid.
'7. The process of reducing aluminium which consists in exposing a molten bath containing sodium aluminate to the action of calcium carbid.
In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.
HENRY SPENCER BLACKMORE.
Witnesses:
O. G. WRIGHT, WARREN O. STONE.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US5239101A US685198A (en) | 1901-03-22 | 1901-03-22 | Process of reducing metals. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US5239101A US685198A (en) | 1901-03-22 | 1901-03-22 | Process of reducing metals. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US685198A true US685198A (en) | 1901-10-22 |
Family
ID=2753741
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US5239101A Expired - Lifetime US685198A (en) | 1901-03-22 | 1901-03-22 | Process of reducing metals. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US685198A (en) |
-
1901
- 1901-03-22 US US5239101A patent/US685198A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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