US67417A - Improvement in pump-pistons - Google Patents

Description

Quim] tetes ste-nt @frn F. A. CRAMBLI'IT, OF PETROLEUM CENTRE, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND JOSEPH R. DIOKEY.

Letters Patent'No. 67,417, dated August (3', 1867.

IMPRGVEMBNT 1N PUMP-Bierens.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONOERN:

Be it known thatv I, Il'. A. CRAMBLITT, of Petroleum Centre, inthe county of Venango, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Pistons for operating pumps in oil, salt, artesian, or other deep wells; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being-had to the accompanyeg drawings, making a partof this specification, in which- Figure 1 is an outside view 'of my improved piston, and

Figure 2 represents a ver/tical s *tion passing longitudinally through its axis.

Like letters of reference indicate like parts.

The nature of my invention ccnsists in the construction of itself-packing piston for operating oil, salt, artesian, or other wells of considerable depth. Such wells are commonly of small bore, and when' at all productive are filled with a. column of oil or water, or both. The obstacles which chiefly prevent the successful operation in such wells of the pistons ordinarily employed, consist in the great difficulty of packing a piston, so that when operated Anear the bottom of such well, and under a column of water or oil of from one hundred Vto one thousand or more feet in height, it will Work successfully,V and the packing not require frequent renewal in consequence of the wear and tear to which it is subject. Such a piston must be so constructed and provided with auch packing in order to be successful that it can easily be sunk to the place in the tubing where it'is to be operated, wl'latever map be the depth, and must possess sullicieut strength, and work with sufficient tightness to sustain and carry up with its upward stroke whatever oil or water may be above, and draw up a fresh supply, if need be, for the next upward stroke, 'and all this with the least'possible liability to get out of order.

'lo enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed more particularly to describe its construction and mode of operation. i

In manufacturing I employ any known materials in general use adapted to the purposes hereinafter to be designated. l v

a is a portion ofthe piston-rod, and by the thimble I) is connected with other rods leading 'to the top or mouth'of the well, though other modes ofjointing may be used, if preferred. Commonly I cut a screwthread, a on the lower end of the rod a, for convenience in raising or lowering the stand-box,idrawing tubing, etc. The upper end of the rod a plays through a hole or aperture in the arch c, and'its lower end through the inverted arch c. Attached to the lower and upper ends of the arches c and c respectively are the barrels d and d'. Their outer diameters being equal to or slightly less than the inner diameter of the well-tubinglor Ipnmp barrel in which they work. The lower and upper ends of the barrels d UZ respectively are reamed out suihciently to make room for the ends of the packing-pipe or sleeve e, which make usually of leather or other exible material. The ends of the packing-sleeve e are screwed into or otherwise secured beneathkor inside the lower and upper ends of the barrels d and d respectively, and held firmly between 'them and the inner pipes f and f', which latter are screwed into the heads of the barrelsd and d', screw-threads, as shown in the drawings, being properly 4cut for such purposes. The other ends of the pipcsf andf are made toit one into the other loosely, so as to allow the oil or water in the well tofiow out between su'ch ends and` fill the empty space s between them and the packing-sleeve e, or if there be no such empty space, to press against the inner surface of the packing sleeve at that point, and force it into close contact with the tubing of the well..

The several parts are screwed together, as described, and in such a way that the ends of the packingisleeve e shall be securely held between the barrels d d and the pipesff respectively; also, so that the end'm of one pipefshali. be distant about one-half or ivc-eighths of an inch, more or less,l from the shoulder m of the other pipef, thus allowing room for slight play to the upperbarrel cl and 'pipef, both working loosely on the roda. The ends mand 'n of the pipesf andfl must also be so fitted or adjusted to cach other as to permit the oil or water in the well to flow out between them against the packingsleeve c, as above mentioned. Attached to the rodV a, bet'wcen the inverted arch c and the head of the barrel d', is a bucket, o, ofl suc-h diameter and so fitted that when with the upward stroke it comes rrainst the head of the barrel c, it will make a joint therewith nearly or quite watertight. l

The mode of operating the devices thus desnibed is simple: The Vpiston thus constructed is sunk to the point desired, and by piston-rods attached to an engine o r other machine for communicating power at the mouth of the'well; The upward stroke carries, the bncket'o upward, so as to close the aperture of the pipef, and thereby prevent the con-tents of the well from passingdownward vthrough the piston as 'he piston rises. The upward movement of the pistonrod a then carries the whole 'piston up, and the oil or wateresc-aping outward between the eu'ds m and n of the pipesfandf, presses the packing-sleeve c against the tubing of thc well, and rendersit a tight packing. The upper half of the piston has sufficient play to fall 4slightly as the packinglsleeve e expands. The ends o f the packing-sleve vbeing securely fastened, as above described, no oi'l or water can escape downward through the piston, and the entire contents of the well necessarily are carried upward, causing the required discharge from the mouth of the well. The thimble I) is so adjusted on the piston-rod a that the thimble b will strike the top of the arch e with the downward stroke of the piston, nearly or exactly at the same time that the bucket o strikes the top of they inverted arch c', so as to carry theavhole piston down at once and prevent all possibility of the separation of the two halves of the pstomaiid consequently remove all danger of either end of the packing-sleeve e being drawn out of its socket. A collar encompassing the roda at that point may take the place of the thimble b. As a further security against the packing-,sleeve e working loose While the piston is being lowered or operated, I fasten it to the barrels d d and pipes ff', by pegs or pins ua running through holes u u drilled for the purpose, and also'through the packing-sleeve e, near its ends. Co'nmon shoe pegs are usually .sufcient for this purpose. The sleeve e cannot then be unscrewed, and the two 'coils of the piston are prevented from separating sufficiently to enable it to be drawn out; .The upper half ofthe piston has play enough to allow the packing-sleeve c to be pressed out as described, but not enough to allow it to be crumpled down or wrinkled. I thus secure a piston packing, convenient-,- tight, scliacting, and not liable to get out of. order, land as the friction of the outer face of the flexible packing-sleeve e against. the tubing of the well is inconsiderable, the packing thus described is exceedingly durable, and when worn out can be easily renewed. s the two halves ofthe piston thus constructed are counterparts to each other, thc piston lmay be reversed on the piston-rod a in case the lower end of the piston should become worn or injured so as not to make a suliiciently tight joint with the bucket o. i Y

Numerous variations of form may be introduced in the devices above described, without seriously injuring their practical working. What I claim as new, and as the essential features of my invention, in addition to certain combinations of devices, some of which devices are already in use, is substantially as follows: The making of the two ends of the piston separate, so that one or both may have suicientvertical play to admit of the outward expansion of the packing-sleeve e; also, so fitting the ends of such half pistons to cach other as to. leave room between them, or make holes or slots through them, so that the oil or water in the piston may pass out, and by its pressure slightly expand the flexible packing-sleeves, and make it press snugly against the tubing of the well or the pump-barrel in which it is worked; also, providing such a piston with a packing-sleeve of leather or other iierxible material, the endsof which shall beso secured to the upper and lower halves of the piston described as to make therewith tight working joints, and making the two ends of the piston counterparts to .each other, so as to secure a reversible piston. i

I claim, furthermore, the mode of packing above described by a packing-sleeve, e, of leather or other ilexible material adapted to such uses, as applied to all pistons for operating deep wells, not only when such pistons are made in halves, as hereinbefore set forth, but also when they are made, as I sometimes make them, with the `barrels d d connected by a single pipe or-tube. In such case I make slotsor holes through such pipe or tube about midway between its two endsfthrough which the water or oil in the pump may pass out against the inner surface of the sleeve e, substantially as above described, and for the same purposes. The mode of using the packing-sleeve c, in connection lwith such single tube, and the mode of securing its ends to the barrels cl d does not vary materially from those above described.

What Iclaim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. vMaking in separate parts the two ends of a piston for operating' pumps. in oil, salt, artesian, or other deep wells, and attaching such parts to the piston-rod in such a 'way that one or both may have sufficient vertical play on the rod'to admit of the outward expansion or bulging of the piston packing, substantially as and for the purposes described. I

2. Fitting the contiguous ends of such half piston to each other, so as to leave room between them for the oil or water in the piston to pass out against and expand or bulge the piston packing, substantially. as and for purposes above set forth.

3. Packing apiston for deep-well pumps by apacking-sleeve of leather, or other flexible material, in such a `way that the ends of such sleeve shall be securely fastened beneath the outer surface of the upper and lower ends of such piston, so as to make therewith tight working joints, substantially in the manner and for the purposes above specified.

4. Making the half piston described counterparts of each otherl so as to secure a reversible piston,'sub stantially as and for the purposes described. l

In testimony whereof I, the said F. A. CRAMBLITT, have hereunto s'et my hand in presence of F. A. CRAMBLITT.

Witnesses:

Guo. H. CHRISTY, A. S. NICHOLSON.

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