US6690930B1 - Process to control a subscriber identity module (SIM) in mobile phone system - Google Patents
Process to control a subscriber identity module (SIM) in mobile phone system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6690930B1 US6690930B1 US09/463,786 US46378600A US6690930B1 US 6690930 B1 US6690930 B1 US 6690930B1 US 46378600 A US46378600 A US 46378600A US 6690930 B1 US6690930 B1 US 6690930B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- sim
- control
- rand
- subscriber identity
- identity module
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W8/00—Network data management
- H04W8/22—Processing or transfer of terminal data, e.g. status or physical capabilities
- H04W8/24—Transfer of terminal data
- H04W8/245—Transfer of terminal data from a network towards a terminal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
- H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
- H04L63/0853—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using an additional device, e.g. smartcard, SIM or a different communication terminal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/06—Authentication
- H04W12/069—Authentication using certificates or pre-shared keys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
- H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
- H04W92/18—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between terminal devices
Definitions
- the invention pertains to a process to control a subscriber identity module (SIM) in mobile phone systems.
- SIM subscriber identity module
- SIM subscriber identity module
- Most SIM's are in the form of a chip card that establishes the subscriber relationship with the mobile phone system operator. Important individual subscriber data saved on the SIM facilitate the use of the mobile phone services.
- the SIM contains the mobile subscriber identification (IMSI), the secret individual subscriber key (Ki) an authentication algorithm (A3), a ciphering key generating algorithm (A8), a personal identification number (PIN) and other permanent and temporary data.
- IMSI mobile subscriber identification
- Ki secret individual subscriber key
- A3 an authentication algorithm
- A8 a ciphering key generating algorithm
- PIN personal identification number
- the SIMS are personalized with an IMSI, Ki, etc., ahead of time at a “personalization” center run by the mobile phone network operator and are then issued to the subscribers.
- a change to the permanent data saved on the SIM, to update procedures or make security-related improvements, for example, is usually no longer possible or can only be done at the personalization center. If the SIM data is to be changed for a large number of subscribers, this can become very labor- and cost intensive.
- a primary purpose of the invention is to present a process to control a subscriber identity module (SIM) for mobile phone systems which meets high security requirements and which is easy to implement.
- SIM subscriber identity module
- the invention consists of a process in which the mobile phone network sends one or more distinct control values to the subscriber identity module. These values then initiate certain actions or procedures within the subscriber identity module. Certain random values sent from the mobile phone network to the subscriber identity module for regular authentication are used as the control values (Control RANDs).
- Control RAND Prior to initiating an action or procedure in the subscriber module, a test of these received control values (Control RAND) is performed in which the control values are compared to certain comparison values available on the SIM (Comparison RANDs). There is at least one comparison value saved on the SIM either as a permanent parameter or that can be calculated. For example, Control/Comparison RANDs can be generated specific to each card by evaluating them as a function of the secret key Ki and/or other permanently stored parameters Z using the A3/A8 security algorithms implemented in the SIM.
- the comparison value can be stored on the SIM.
- each SIM must have more than one control value reserved for it. Each value must initiate a certain action or procedure on the SIM.
- a series of allowable control values is maintained at a suitable point in the mobile phone network, for example, at the authentication center (AC). Each of these control values is assigned to a particular SIM with particular actions to be initiated.
- A3/A8 security algorithms can be stored on the SIM. These algorithms can be alternated by receiving the correct control value.
- Each initiated action or procedure can be initiated not only by a single Control RAND, but also by a Control RAND that is part of a group of Control RANDS. Only a portion of the Control RAND is used, which allows subsequent Control RANDs to differ from one another but have the same control bits.
- An advantage of this invention is that no additional control values, which could otherwise be easily identified and misused, need to be transferred for this type of ‘remote control’ of actions or procedures on the SIM. Using a random number that is transferred during every authentication as a control value renders it unidentifiable. The control values appear as “common” RAND values that are sent by the network to the SIM for authentication. Also, there is no need to change the GSM protocols.
- FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a mobile phone network including an authentication center interacting with a mobile phone terminal in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of a subscriber identity module (SIM) showing values and algorithms contained on it; and
- FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating the process of the present invention.
- the authentication procedure within GSM mobile phone system 3 is done by authentication center (AC) 2 of mobile phone network 1 .
- the SIM then sends the result back to AC 2 .
- the AC also knows with the secret key Ki is. It calculates a value SRES using the same A3/A8 algorithm and compares this value with the SRES provided by the SIM. If the two values agree, the SIM is authenticated.
- the SIM card contains two or more different A3/A8 algorithms with the same external interfaces for identical-length RAND, Ki and SRES.
- the SIM can have only one Ki here or else each A3/A8 algorithm must have its own Ki associated with it.
- Operation of the process as illustrated in FIG. 3 begins at block 10 .
- the network would like to change the algorithm A3/A8 for security reasons, he can have authentication AC) 2 produce a special random number RAND at block 20 that simultaneously represents a control value according to the invention, which is also called the Control RAND below.
- the Control RAND initiates a switching of the A3/A8 algorithm in the SIM card.
- the AC has already calculated the values for SRES for the authentication based on the new algorithm applied to the Control RAND.
- the Control RAND serves as regular authentication of the SIM and on the other hand it serves to switch the A3/A8 cipher algorithm used.
- a RAND serving as a Control RAND should be specific to the card and should be secure.
- the value resulting from A3/A8 (Ki, Ki) can be used as the Control RAND.
- the value A3/A8 (Ki, Ki) is card-specific and is not known by anyone who does not know the Ki.
- the Ki is used that is only known to the SIM and to the network. It is sufficient to control with only a portion of this value Ki. In this way, not all of the bits of this value need to be used.
- every RAND whose first n bits agree with those of the value A3/A8 (Ki, Ki) is a Control RAND.
- the value A3/A8 (Ki, Ki) can be calculated and safely stored when the card is personalized. Prior to each authentication, the bits of the RAND sent by the AC that are not used are masked out, and the result is compared in block 40 to the value of the Control RAND calculated and securely stored at the SIM. If the comparison value calculated by the card agrees with the received Control RAND at block 30 , the Control RAND is authenticated and, as indicated at block 50 , can initiate the associated actions or procedures on the SIM, and the operation ends at block 60 . If the A3/A8 algorithm has already been changed, a normal authentication procedure ensues. Another Control RAND received from the same Control RAND group is no longer recognized, and the operation ends at block 70 .
- the random number RAND that the AC produces and sends to the SIM for authentication is a pure random number.
- the number n of the bits of a Control RAND that are used is large enough, it is not necessary to test as to whether the randomly produced RAND is a reserved Control RAND or not. If the value n is chosen very large, it is improbable that the AC will randomly produce a RAND for everyday authentication that agrees with a reserved Control RAND.
- the AC should perform authentications a number of times in succession using Control RANDS in order to ensure that the SIM indeed receives this Control RAND in case there are connection problems.
- VLR Visitor Location Register
- HLR Home Location Register
- HLR Home Location Register
- AC 2 Home Location Register
- the VLR does not know that this is a Control RAND.
- the SIM switches the algorithm.
- the time of the switch at the SIM is much later than the time of the switch at the AC.
- the subscriber changes his VLR within his home network the RAND/SRES values stored in the last VLR are assumed and re-used.
- one or more VLR changes are not critical and do not delay the switching of the algorithm in the SIM.
- the secret key Ki can be changed in the SIM according to the same process.
- the new Ki can be securely stored on the SIM or be derived from the old Ki by a defined calculation process.
- the Control RANDs needed to switch the Ki have different values than the Control RAND to switch the A3/A8 algorithms and can be derived from another mathematical process, for example.
- a Control RAND can consist of the first n bits of the result from A3/A8 (Ki, Ki XOR Z) with z being an arbitrary but fixed value that is stored on SIM 4 .
- the AC must continue to operate using the new Ki right after producing the first Control RAND.
- the SIM also uses the new Ki right away for authentication, which should also be carried out when the Control RAND is received.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Computing Systems (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Databases & Information Systems (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Telephone Function (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19823532A DE19823532C2 (en) | 1998-05-26 | 1998-05-26 | Method for controlling a subscriber identity module (SIM) in mobile radio systems |
DE19823532 | 1998-05-26 | ||
PCT/DE1999/001531 WO1999062275A2 (en) | 1998-05-26 | 1999-05-25 | Method for controlling a subscriber identity module (sim) in mobile radio telephone systems |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US6690930B1 true US6690930B1 (en) | 2004-02-10 |
Family
ID=7868984
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US09/463,786 Expired - Lifetime US6690930B1 (en) | 1998-05-26 | 1999-05-25 | Process to control a subscriber identity module (SIM) in mobile phone system |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6690930B1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1000517B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE284116T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5149599A (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ299767B6 (en) |
DE (2) | DE19823532C2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2234277T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HU224990B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL338581A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1999062275A2 (en) |
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US20030166398A1 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2003-09-04 | Eran Netanel | Method and apparatus for secure immediate wireless access in a telecommunications network |
US20030220096A1 (en) * | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-27 | Bernard Smeets | Paired SIM card function |
US20040232220A1 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2004-11-25 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System for biometric security using a fob |
US20050077349A1 (en) * | 2000-03-07 | 2005-04-14 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for facilitating a transaction using a transponder |
US20050159184A1 (en) * | 2004-01-16 | 2005-07-21 | U.S. Thermoelectric Consortium | Wireless communications apparatus and method |
US20050286721A1 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2005-12-29 | Nokia Corporation | Providing content in a communication system |
US20060003738A1 (en) * | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | Ntt Docomo, Inc. | Authentication vector generation device, subscriber identity module, mobile communication system, authentication vector generation method, calculation method, and subscriber authentication method |
US20060172723A1 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2006-08-03 | Ntt Docomo, Inc. | Authentication vector generation device, subscriber identity module, wireless communication system, authentication vector generation method, calculation method, and subscriber authentication method |
US20070055873A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2007-03-08 | Manuel Leone | Method and system for protecting data, related communication network and computer program product |
US20070079142A1 (en) * | 2003-12-30 | 2007-04-05 | Manuel Leone | Method and system for the cipher key controlled exploitation of data resources, related network and computer program products |
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US20080026740A1 (en) * | 2002-03-04 | 2008-01-31 | Eran Netanel | Method and apparatus for secure immediate wireless access in a telecommunications network |
US20080023063A1 (en) * | 2006-07-28 | 2008-01-31 | Richard Allen Hayes | Solar cell encapsulant layers with enhanced stability and adhesion |
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US7668750B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2010-02-23 | David S Bonalle | Securing RF transactions using a transactions counter |
US7690577B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2010-04-06 | Blayn W Beenau | Registering a biometric for radio frequency transactions |
US7705732B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2010-04-27 | Fred Bishop | Authenticating an RF transaction using a transaction counter |
US20100112253A1 (en) * | 2008-10-31 | 2010-05-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | High-clarity ionomer compositions and articles comprising the same |
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US20100136961A1 (en) * | 2007-03-30 | 2010-06-03 | Communology Gmbh | Controlling Mobile Terminals |
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US7768379B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2010-08-03 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for a travel-related multi-function fob |
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Cited By (101)
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US7837116B2 (en) | 1999-09-07 | 2010-11-23 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Transaction card |
USRE43460E1 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2012-06-12 | Xatra Fund Mx, Llc | Public/private dual card system and method |
US8818907B2 (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2014-08-26 | Xatra Fund Mx, Llc | Limiting access to account information during a radio frequency transaction |
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DE59911185D1 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
ES2234277T3 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
AU5149599A (en) | 1999-12-13 |
HUP0002429A2 (en) | 2000-11-28 |
DE19823532A1 (en) | 1999-12-02 |
EP1000517A2 (en) | 2000-05-17 |
WO1999062275A3 (en) | 2000-01-13 |
CZ299767B6 (en) | 2008-11-19 |
WO1999062275A2 (en) | 1999-12-02 |
EP1000517B1 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
CZ2000309A3 (en) | 2000-06-14 |
DE19823532C2 (en) | 2003-08-21 |
ATE284116T1 (en) | 2004-12-15 |
HUP0002429A3 (en) | 2001-12-28 |
PL338581A1 (en) | 2000-11-06 |
HU224990B1 (en) | 2006-05-29 |
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