US666840A - Fluid-actuated motor. - Google Patents

Description

Patented lan. 29, |90I.

H. L. ARNOLD.

FLUID ACTUATED MOTOR.

(Application filed Apr. 9, 1900.'

5 Sheets-Sheet l.

No Model.)

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. Patented lan. 29, |90l. H. L. ARNDLD.

FLUID ACTUATED MOTOR.

(Applicatiun tiled Apr. 9 1900.: (No Model.)

5 Sheets-Shea 3.

`Nul 666,840. A Pa'tented-lan. 29, 190|.

H. L. ARNOLD. FLUID ACTUATED MDTUR..

' (Application led Apr. 9, 1900.1 (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

. Patented 1an.- 29, |901. 6 H. L..Anum n.

FLUID AGTUATED MOTOR.

(Application med Apr. 0, 1900 5 Sheets--Sheet 5.

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[faQ/enz??? I-IORAOE L. ARNOLD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,`ASSIGNOR TO JOHN A. HILL, OF

SAME PLACE.

FLUlDnACTUATED MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming` part of Letters Patent No. 666,840, dated January 29, 1901'.y

Application filed .April 9, 1900. Serial No. 12,174. (No model.)

To @ZZ zoll/m t may concern;

Be it known that I, HORACE L. ARNOLD, a citizen of the United States, residing in New York, (Brooklyn,) in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Fluid-Actuated Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to motorsdriven by 1o any suitable fluid-for instance, steam or compressed air; and it has for one object the provision of a simple and compact machine of such construction that it will be in. perfect standing and running balance and in which the usual connecting-rods and crank-shaft are dispensed with. p

A further object of the invention is the provision of a series of chambers, each constitutinga cylinder, disposed around a common zo axis and equipped with pistons Athe rods of which cooperate with a resistance-surface.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a carrier having a series of chambers, the end of the carrier constituting the head for all of said chambers and each chamber having projecting therefrom a guide for the rod of the piston mounted within the chamber.

A further object of the invention is the pro- 3o vision, in connection with aseries of cylinders, of an inclined or cam-like resistance-surface against which the force of the pistons is directed and by which the reciprocatory movement of the piston is converted into rotary motion and the power-shaft of the motor is thereby actuated. Either the cylinder-carrier may be fixed to the motor-shaft and the cam or inclined surface be stationary or this construction may be reversed and the cam 4o be secured to the motor-shaft, while the cyli-nder-carrier having the series of chambers is stationary, for in each construction the result will be the same and reciprocatory motion will be converted into rotary motion.

A further object of the invention is the provision of antifriction-rollers or equivalent devices for cooperation with the pistons of the cylinders and the resistance or cam surface, whereby friction is reduced to a minimum.

5o A furl her object of the invention is the provision of cams through the instrumentality of which the shaft is rotated andthe pistons are1 returned to their starting positions in the' chambers of the cylinder-carrier.

A further object of the invention is the pro vision of a valve of peculiar construction for regulating the admission of motive duid to the piston chambers or cylinders, said valve being adjustable` in such a way that it may be shifted either to drive the motor in a for- 6o ward or a reverse direction, as circumstances require, or to vary the quantity of motive fluid supplied to the motor-cylinders or shut off the supply of said iiuid.

In the accompanying` drawings, Figure 1 65 is a longitudinal vertical section of a motor embodying my invention, -taken on line at m, Fig. 2. Fig. 2 is a plan view,partiallyin section, of my improved motor. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a form of valve employed de- 7o tached from the motor. Fig. 4 is a righthand end view of the valve. Fig. 5 is a transverse section ot' the valve on line a d, Fig. 3, looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig.

6 is a front end view of the motor. Fig. 7 is 75 a rear end view of the motor. Fig. 8 is au end view of the motor-cylinder carrier with the head thereof removed,the valve and [inidsupply pipe being in section. Fig. 9 is a diagram of the main resistance surface or cam, 8o graphically illustrating by dotted lines the position of a roller carried by one of the pistous as it traverses said surface. Fig. lO is a similar View of the surface of the pistoncontrolling cam cooperating with the main cam. Fig. 11 is a side elevation of the cylinder, piston-guides, and shaft of the motor detached. Fig. l2 is a detail in section, illustrating the manner in which the rollers carried by the piston-rods of the motor are 9o mounted. Fig. 13 is a perspective View of the ring t'or adjusting one of the cam-surfaces. Fig. leL is a developed View of the valve, showing the ports in position for driving the motor in a forward direction. Fig. l5 is a similar view showing the ports of the valve in a different position relatively to the supply-ports of the motor. Fig-16 is a developed view of the valve, showing the ports employed when it is desired to reverse loo the movement of the motor; and Fig. 17 is a similar view-showing the valve-ports in a diferent position with relation to the motor-supply ports.

Like numerals designate similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 5 designates suitable framework composed, in the construction illustrated, of a base 5`Y and upright-s 52, 53, and 54 for su pporting the parts of the motor.

Journaled in bearings of the uprights 53 and 51 of the frame is a hollow shaft 6, carrying at one end a pulley or other power-transmitt-er 7, and integral with this shaft is a cylinder-carrier 9, having a series of pistonchambers or individual cylinders lO, 11, 12, and 13, projecting from each of which is a tubular longitudinally-slotted guide (designated, respectively, by the numerals 10', 1l', 12', and 13') for accomplishing a purpose hereinafter set forth. Secured to the cylinder-carrier 9 is a disk 8, which constitutes the head for all of the cylinders 10, 11, 12, and 13, and projecting from said disk is a hollow journal 8,mounted in a bearing of the upright 53.

Mounted within the piston chambers or cylinders 10, 11, 12, and 13 are pistons 14, 15, 16, and 17, respectively, which are equipped at their ends with suitable antifriction devices, (shown as rollers 18 1S,) although the invention is not limited to any particulardevice of this character. These rollers are mounted for free rotary movement on rods or bolts 19, secured in the end of each pistonrod, and one of said rollers rotates on an intermediate portion of the bolt 19 and is received within a slot 2() in the end of the piston-rod. Slots 21 are formed in each of the piston-rod guides for permitting free play of the bolts, and said bolts subserve the further purpose of preventing rotation of the reciprocating pistons on their axes. Slots are also formed in each piston-rod guide to receive the stationary resistance-cam 22. (See Fig. 1.)

Cooperating with the rollers 18 is an inclined surface, (shown in the nature of a cam 22 and illustrated dagrammatically in Fig. 9,) and this cam-surface as the pistons are reciprocated to force the rollers 13 against the same causes the cylinder-carrier 9 to be moved in the line of least resistance, or, in other words, in a rotary path. Cooperating with this cam-surface 22 is asecond cam-su rface 23, having an nndulatory outline, and against this last-named surface the rollerlS bears, and the two surfaces combine to canse the retraction of each piston and its rod at certain points in the rotation of the cylindercarrier.

For the purpose of taking up wear or for adjusting for any reason the cam-surface 23, which is adjustably secured by bolts S0 passing through slots S1 in the wall of a shell or casing 24, a threaded ring 25, (see Fig. 13,) having a series of Spanner-holes 26, is threaded into said shell 24, and by turning this ring cette@ the inner side thereof will bear against. the piston-controlling cam-surface 23 and adjust the same. Shell 24 is, as shown in Fig. l, equipped with a base 24', through which suitable screws 27 are passed for securing the shell to the standard 54of the frame, and this base 24 is also cut out at a point concentric to its axis to receive the tianged portion 22' of the cam-surface 22, bolts 28 serving to secure said cam-surface rigidly in position to said standard 54. In this manner avery rigid and compact structure is provided, all danger of vibration orchatteringof the framework and of the pistons cooperating therewith is avoided, and the shell acts to cover and protect the cam-surfaces and the pistonrod guides. Furthermore, the compact construction of the cylinder-carrier 9 and its attached parts serves in the manner of a iiywheel to equalize the mot-ion and store up power when the motor is in action.

Projecting from the carrier, and preferably integral therewith, is the main power-shaft 6 of the machine, which is cored out at 30 and has at the end opposite the journal 8' an eX- tension 92, journaled in the bearings of the standard 54, and to which extension a pulley '7 or other means for transmitting power is secured, as before stated.

Mounted within the journal 8' and shaft 6 is a valve of peculiar construction,which will now be described, and this valve consists, in the illustration given, of a cylindrical sleevelike structure, (designated by 31,) on a reduced portion of which the hub 32 of the adjusting handle or lever 33 is secured, as shown in Fig. 1. This valve 31 is mounted for endwise reciprocation and adjustment over a stationary Huid-supply pipe 34, said pipe being provided with a series of openings 35, through which the motive finid escapes to the interior of the valve. Valve 3l is so mounted that it will be held stationary as regards rotative movement no matter how adjusted, and it is provided ata point. intermediate its length with ports 3h' and 37, through which when the valve is in the position shown in Fig. 1 motive finid is allowed to pass and enter, through ports 38 and 39, respectively, the chambers or piston-cylinders 14and 1G to force the pistons thereof forward, and thereby cause the rods at the ends of said pistons, with their coacting rollers, to be driven against the stationary inclined cam-surface 22 and rotate the shaft 6.

It will be observed that the ports or openings 36 and 37 of the valve 31 are of peculiar shape and that as the cylinder-carrier E), with its ports 38and 39 and 3S' and 39', rotates over them from the position shown in the developed plan of the valve in Fig. 14 to that represented in Fig. 15, cut off of the motive fluid delivered by the pipe 34 will ensue and said fluid will then be employed expansively to drive the pistons 14 and 16 forward, causing them to do their Work.

Mounted in or secured in any suitable man- IOO IIO

ner to the handle 33 of valve 3l is a detent 40, (shown as a spring-actuated pin,) and this detent cooperates with any of a series of depressions or notches 4l in a holding-plate 42, secured in any desirable man nerto the standards 52 53 of the frame. By adjusting this valve endwise the ports thereof may be made to cover or uncover more or less of the openings 38 and 39 leading to the cylinders 10 l2 of' the carrier 9, and thereby the amount of motive fluid delivered to said cylinders may be regulated With nicety or the supply shut off at pleasure.

Referring to Fig. 3, it will be seen that the body of the cylindrical valve is channeled out at 43 43 and the cylinders are so distributed around the axis of the valve that when one pair of cylinders-for instance, l0 and l2-is receiving motive fiuid through ports 36 and 37 of the valve the other pair of cylinders l1 13 is exhausting through ports 38 and 39 into the channels 43 43 of said valve. (See Fig. 8.)

Located at some distance from the ports 36 and 37 of the valve are other ports 44 and 45, which when the valve is adjusted to its limit within the shaft 30 will admit motive fluid to the pistons of the cylinders when the rollers of said pistons are on the portions of the inclined surface or cam 22 which are utilized to give a reverse motion to the motor. In this manner by a simple adjustment of the valve the motor may be driven in one way or another way, as desired.

Any even number of single-acting cylinders and pistons may be used set in a circle about a common axis of revolution, the bore of the cylinders being parallel to said axis of revolution, and while I have shown in the drawings four cylinders and pistons it is distinctly to be understood that my invention is not limited to this number.

Each cylinder has a port adjacent to the cylinder-head on the side nearest the axis of revolution, and the cylinders, the piston-rod guides projecting therefrom, and the shaft preferably constitute a single casting.

The middle portion of the cylinder-carrier 9 between the four cylinders is bored, in the construction shown, to form a cylindrical seat for the valve 31, and, as above pointed out, this valve maybe moved longitudinally to vary the point of cut-off and to stop, start, and reverse the motor, as desired. While in the drawings this endwise motion of the valve is shown manually controlled, itis distinctly to be understood that the invention is not limited to such construction, for, as is obvious, the valve may be placed under the control ot' a governor, and it may also be constructed so as to cause the motor to turn in one direction only.

The exhaust from the cylinders passes through the center of the motor-shaft and leaves the motor at the driving-pulley end.

As shown, the pistons and piston-rods are integral, the latter projecting forward away from the cylinder-heads and being preferably round in section and of such diameter that they will slide freely in the piston-rod guides 10' 1l' 12' 13, which are axially coincident wit-l1 the bores of the cylinders in which said pistons reciprocate. In the construction shown the cams 22 and 23 are so shaped and proportioned that they coact with the rollers 18 and 18 closely to control the pistons in their positions in the cylinders at all points in the' revolution of the cylinder-carrier 9, and these rollers traverse the und ulatory surfaces of both the cams.

In some constructions the piston-control-A ling cam 23 may be dispensed with; butit is, however, conducive t0 even wear and perfect control of the positions of the pistons to employ said cam, for the rollers being in rapid action on the undulatory cam-surface are better kept in absolute contact with said surface by said cam than by weight, spring, or elastic pressure, for the latter can only be relied upon to preserve the contact between the rollers and the main cam-face Within certain speed limits, and if said rollers are not kept constantly in contact with the cam-face chattering and vibration occur, detrimental to the life of the machine.

When the valve 3l is in its mid-position, the ports in the cylinders communicate with the exhaust-spaces 43 43 only, and when said valve is moved a little either Way the mot-ive fluid is admitted between the cylinder-heads and the pistons at the proper time to cause said pistons to advance.

As will be understood, the admission-ports of the valve 31 are enlarged laterally as they recede from the mid-position, so that the farther the valve is moved in either direction from its mid-position the greater will be the supply of motive fluid to the pistons in their cylinders, this continuing up to the limit set by the precise design of the valve-port openings shown; but the invention is not limited to any particular form of' valve-port openings, for these may be modied as desired. In the drawings the ports are so constructed that the motive-fluid admission is from Zero to nearly one half the piston-stroke, expansion being relied upon to drive the piston through the final half of' each working stroke, and the valve may be so set that it will govern the admission lead, which would in some degree take work of'f the cam 23 and its rollers 18'; but as the cams are very easy in their angles the admission lead and exhaust compression are not so important as they would be with crank-connected pistonfmotors.

The cams may be variously constructed and may have either a single rise or a single fall in a complete circle, or two or more rises or falls. If the cams have only one rise and one fall in the cam-circle, then each piston will make one double stroke-that is to say, one working stroke and one idle exhauststroke-foreach full revolution of the motorcylinders about the motor-shaft axis, and' if IOO IIO

thecams have two rises and two falls of camsurface then the piston will make two double strokes for each revolution of the cylinders and with a suitably-ported valve will make two working strokes and two exhaust-strokes While the cylinder-carrier 9 makes a full revolution about the axis of the shaft 30. Preferably I employ cams, as shown in the drawings, having two rises and two falls and a double-ported valve, so that each piston makes two working strokes for each revolution of the cylinders; but myinvention is not limited to this construction. Four cylinders and four pistons are shown, and with this arrangement two of the pistons are always acting on the stationary cam 22 to cause the motor-shaft to revolve. If the cams are symmetrical and the pistons are of the same individual weight, then, since the pistons reciprocate longitudinally in pairs both back and forth, if the motor is in standingr balance it will also of necessity be in running balance. In the construction shown the cam-surfaces (illustrated diagrammaticallyin Figs. 9 and l0) cause the rollers carried by the pistons to conform in their movements substantially to the movement of a wrist-pin carried by a wheel or disk. (Shown in dotted lines in each of said views.) As before stated, however, these cam-surfaces may be variously constructed without departure from my invention.

The invention is not limited to the precise details illustrated and described, nor is it essential that the parts be arranged and proportioned exactly as set forth. It has been found, however, in practice that the construction described is very simple and compact, runs in perfect balance and without vibration, and is peculiarly adapted for use in driving automobiles or motor-vehicles or other machines or devices for which it is designed.

Having described my invention, I claiml. In combination, with a cylinder and its piston, an inclined resistance-surface co peratiug with the piston-rod; a power-transmitting medium set in motion by said elements; a guide projecting from the cylinder and serving to prevent axial rotation of the piston; means carried by the piston-rod and traveling in said guide; a stationary piston-controlling cam located adjacent to and opposite the inclined resistance-surface; and antifriction devices carried by the piston-rod and located in the groove formed between the resistance-surface and said cam.

2. In combination with a cylinder and its piston, a resistance-cam; a roller carried by the pistou-rod and in engagement with the resistance-cam; a guide projecting from the cylinder; a device carried by the piston-rod and working in said guide; a stationary piston-controlling cam; and a roller carried by the piston-rod and in engagement with said cam.

3. In combination with a cylinder and its piston, a resistance-cam; a roller journaled in a slot of the piston-rod and bearing against said cam; a slotted guide projecting from the cylinder; a bolt on the piston-rod entering the slots of the guide, and carrying a roller at its end and a piston-controlling cam with which said roller is in engagement.

4. The combination, with a carrier containing a series of concentrically-disposed cylinders each having a port and a slotted pistonrod guide, of means forsupplying motive fiuid to said cylinders; a series of pistons mounted in said cylinders; a shaft projecting from the carrier and having journals mounted in bearings of the frame; a easing; a resistancecam mounted within said casing and projecting into the slots in the piston-rod guides; a piston-con trolling ca m; and rollers carried by the piston-rods and in engagement with the resistance and piston-controlling cams.

5. The combination, with a series of cylinders and their pistons, of a series of slotted guides projecting from said cylinders; devices carried by the piston-rods and travelingin the slots of said guides; a resistance-cam coperating with the piston-rods; a shaft rotated by said piston-rods and resistance-cam; a stationary piston-controlling cam disposed adjacent to the resistance-cam; and antifriction devices carried by the piston-rod and bearing against the resistance-cam and the piston-controlling cam.

6. The combination, with a series of cylinders and their pistons, of a disk-like head for said cylinders, said head having a journal; a hollow shaft journaled in the frame; an adjustable valve located within said shaft, said valve having ports for governing the supply of motive fluid to the cylinders; and a resistance-surface cooperating with the piston-rods of said cylinders.

7. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of a series of slotted guides projecting from the cylinders; a series of pistons mounted in said cylinders; rollers carried by bolts on the piston-rods, said bolts projecting into the slots of said guides; a cam-surface cooperating with said rollers; a piston-controlling cam; and rollers carried by the bolts and bearing against said pistoncontrolling cam.

8. The combination of a carrier, having a series of cylinders, each having a slotted piston-rod guide; of a hollow shaft integral with said carrier and journaled in the frame; a valve mounted for longitudinal adjustment within said shaft; ports connecting said valve with the cylinders; a series of pistons mounted in the cylinders; devices carried by the piston-rods and movable in the slotted guides; antifriction devices carried by the piston-rods and a resistance-cam and a piston-controlling cam with which said antifriction devices are in engagement.

9. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of a disk constituting the head for all of the cylinders; a hollow journal carried by the disk and mounted in a bearing of the frame; a tubular shaft pro- IOO jecting from the carrier and also mounted in a bearing of the frame; a series of pistons mounted iu the cylinders of the carrier; a stationary cam coperating With the rods of said pistons; a cam for controlling the movements of the pistons and cooperating with said stationary cam; and valve mechanism for controlling the supply of motive fluid to the cylinders. v

10. The combination, with a cylinder and its piston, of a resistance-cam; a casing surrounding said cam; a piston-controlling cam adjustably mounted in said casing and antifriction devices carried by the piston-rod and in engagement with said cams.

'11. The combination, with a cylinder and its piston, of a resistance-cam; a casing surrounding said cam; a piston-controlling cam; and means for adjusting one of said cams'with relation to the other cam.

12. The combi-nation, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of a series of pistons mounted Within said cylinders and each having a projecting piston-rod; antifriction devices carried by said piston-rods; resistance and piston-controlling cams With Which said antifriction devices arein engagement; a casing surrounding said cams; and means carried by the casing for adjusting one of said cams with relation to the other cam.

13. The combination, with a cylinder and its piston, of a casing; a resistance cam mounted Within said casing; a piston-controlling cam 'also mounted Within the casing; a ring threaded into the casing for adjusting said piston-controlling cam; and antifriction devices carried by the piston and in contact with the resistance and piston-'controlling cams.

14. The combination, with acarrier having aseries of concentrically-disposed cylinders, each having a piston-rod guide, of a casing surrounding said piston-rod guides; a resistance-cam located Wi thin said casing; a pistoncontrolling cam located Within the casing opposite to said resistance-cam; a series of pistons having rods, each rod carrying a device movable in the piston-rod guide; and antifriction-rollers carried by said device and in engagement With the resistance and pistoncontrolling cams.

15. The combination, With a carrier having a series of concentrically-disposed cylinders, of a plate closing the ends of all of said cylinders, said plate having a hollow journal; a tubular shaft connected With the carrier; a series of pistons mounted in the cylinders of the carrier; resistance and piston-controlling cams by Which the piston-rods are controlled in their movements; a casing surrounding said cams; means for admitting motive iiuid to the cylinders; and a longitudinally-adjustable valve located Within the hollow journal and tubular shaft for regulating the supply of such motive fluid to said cylinders.

16. A carrier provided with a series of cylinders concentric to its axis and having integral with said carriera tubular shaft, in combination with a disk secured to one end of the carrier and having a tubular journal; a series of pistons mounted in the cylinders of the carrier; a resistance-surface cooperating with the piston-rods to cause rotation of the carrier and shaft; and means for supplying motive iiuid to the cylinders.

17. The combi-nation, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of a series of pistons mounted in said cylinders; a series of slotted piston-rod guides projecting from the carrier in line with the cylinders; a stationary resistance-cam projecting into the slots of said guides; a stationary piston-controlling cam; and antifriction devices between the pistonrods and said cams.

18. The combination, With a carrier having a series of cylinders, of a series of pistons mounted in said cylinders; a series of slotted piston-rod guides projecting from the carrier; a stationary resistance-cam entering the slots of said piston-rod guides; rollers carried by the piston-rods; and a stationary cam coperating with said resistance-cam to control the movements of the pistons.

19. The combination, with acarrier having a series of cylinders, of a series of pistons mounted in said cylinders; a series of slotted piston-rod guides projecting from the carrier; a stationary resistancecam entering the slots of said piston-rod guides; cross-bolts carried by the piston-rods; rollers journaled on said bolts and entering the slots in the piston-rods; rollers journaled on the free ends of said bolts; and a piston-con trolling cam with which said last-named rollers coperate.

20. The combination, With a series of cylinders, of means for regulating the supply of motive Huid to said cylinders; a series of pistons mounted in said cylinders; an undulatory resistance-surface; antifriction devices carried by the piston rods and operating against said surface; a stationary piston-controlling cam; antifriction devices carried by the piston-rods and cooperating With said cam; and means for adjusting said cam.

2l. The combination, with a rotative carrier having a series of cylinders` and with a tubular shaft integral With said carrier, of a disk for closingone en'd of said carrier, said disk having a tubular journal; a series of pistons mounted in the cylinders of the carrier; a resistance-surface coperating With said pistons; a fluid-supply conduit mounted Within the hollow journal and tubular shaft; and an adjustable valve for controlling the passage of i'luid from said supply-pipe to the ports of the cylinders.

22. The combination, With a cylinder and its piston, of a tubular shaft; a fluid-supply pipe located Within said shaft; and an endwise-adjustable valve surrounding said supply-pipe and having a port communicating With the port in the cylinder.

23. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of a tubular shaft; ase- IOO IIO

ries of pistons mounted in said cylinders; a fluid-supply pipe located Within the tubular shaft; a valve sleeved on said fluid-supply pipe and having ports for controlling the passage of motive fluid from said supply-pipe to the cylinders; and means for adjusting said valve.

24. The combination, with a rotative carrier having a series of cylinders, of a disk constituting a head for all of said cylinders and carrying a journal; a hollow7 shaft projecting from the carrier; a series of pistons mounted within the cylinders; a resistancecam cooperating with the pistons; a Huidsupply pipe mounted Within the tubular shaft; a valve sleeved on said pipe and having a series of ports; and means for effecting an endwise adjustment of said valve.

25. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of a tubular shaft; ahol- 1o\v journal projecting from said carrier; a fluid-supply pipe mounted Within said journal and shaft; a valve sleeved on said supplypipe and equipped with a series of ports for regulating the passage of motive Huid to the cylinders; a series of pistons mounted within the cylinders; a resistance-surface cooperating with the pistons; a piston-controlling cam; and means for adj listing the valve to control the admission of motive fluid to said cylinders.

26. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders each having a port, of a series of pistons and piston-rods mounted in said cylinders; a fluid-supply pipe; a valve sleeved on said fluid-supply pipe and having a series of ports for controlling the passage of fluid from said supply-pipe to said cylinders; means for longitudinally adjusting said valve; and a resistance-surface cooperating with the pistons of said cylinders.

27. The combination, With a carrier having a series of cylinders each equipped with a port, of a series of pistons and their rods mounted in said cylinders; a resistance-cam; a shaft connected with the carrier; a fluidsupply pipe; a valve sleeved on the supplypipe and having ports of gradually-increasing area; and means for longitudinally adjusting said valve.

28. The combination, With a carrier having a series of cylinders, of pistons and their rods carried by said cylinders; a series of pistonrod guides projecting from the cylinders; a tubular shaft projecting from the carrier; resistance and piston-controlling cam-surfaces; antit'riction devices carried by the piston-rods and cooperating with said cam-surfaces; a fluid-su pply pipe mounted within the tubular shaft; and a valve having a series of ports mounted for endwise adj ustment on said iluidsupply pipe.

29. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders and a tubular shaft, of pistons and their rods inserted in said cylinders; a plate constituting the head for all the cylinders and having a hollow journal; a perforated fluid-supply pipe mounted Within said journal and shaft; a valve sleeved on the fluid-supply pipe and having a series of ports; means for adjusting said valve; a resistancecam against which the force of the pistons is directed; a piston-controlling cam; and antifriction devices carried by the piston-rods and located between said cams.

30. The combination, with a carrier having a series ot cylinders, of a series of pistons and their rods mounted in said cylinders; a resistance-cam; a shell or casing surrounding said cam; a piston-controlling cam; antifriction devices between said cams; and a ring threaded into the casing for adjusting one of said cams with reference to the other.

3l. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, each cylinder being provided With a slotted piston-rod guide, of a series of pistons and their rods mounted within said cylinders and said guides; a bolt carrying rollers located at the end of each piston; a resistance-cam with which one set of said rollers cooperates; a piston-controlling cam with which the other set of rollers cooperates; and means for adjusting said piston-controlling cam.

32. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders each equipped with a port, of a series of pistons and their rods mounted in said cylinders; a series of slotted pistonrod guides projecting from the cylinders; a resistance-cam; rollers movable in slots of the piston-rods and cooperating with said cam; a piston-controlling cam; rollers carried by the piston-rods and cooperating with said piston-controlling cam; a shell or casing surrounding said cams; and a ring threaded into said casing for adjusting the piston-controlling cam.

33. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of guides projecting from said cylinders; a series of pistons and their rods mounted Within said cylinders and guides; a shaft connected with the carrier; a resistance-cam against which the force of the pistons is directed; a cam for controlling the movements of the pistons; and a valve having ports for admitting motive lluid to said cylinders and having passages for receiving the exhaust from the cylinders.

34. The combination, with a series of cylinders, of pistons mounted in said cylinders; a duid-supply pipe; and a valve sleeved on said pipe and having ports for admitting motive fluid to the cylinders, and exterior channels intermediate the ports for receiving the exhaust from the cylinders.

35. The combination, With a series of cylinders and their pistons, of a resistance-surface coacting with the piston-rods; a shaft rotated by the cooperation of said elements; and a valve having ports for admitting motive iiuid simultaneously to a pair of cylinders and also having exterior channels for receiving the exhaust from said cylinders.

36. The combination, With a series of cyl- IOO IIO

also having a series of reversing-ports; means for adjusting said valve endwise within the tubular shaft; a resistance-surface coperating with the piston-rods a shell or casing su rrounding said resistance-surface; a cam l0- cated Within said shell or casing; and a threaded ring having a series of spannerzo holes for adjusting said cam.

HORACE L. ARNOLD.

Witnesses:

WM. H. BLODGETT, F. N. CHASE.

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