US661650A - Process of coating one metal with another and resulting product. - Google Patents

Process of coating one metal with another and resulting product. Download PDF

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US661650A
US661650A US69867098A US1898698670A US661650A US 661650 A US661650 A US 661650A US 69867098 A US69867098 A US 69867098A US 1898698670 A US1898698670 A US 1898698670A US 661650 A US661650 A US 661650A
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metal
coating
coated
another
plate
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US69867098A
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Samuel H Thurston
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2223/00—Surface treatments; Hardening; Coating
    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
    • F16C2223/80—Coating surfaces by powder coating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12021—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles having composition or density gradient or differential porosity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12014—All metal or with adjacent metals having metal particles
    • Y10T428/12028—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12063—Nonparticulate metal component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12472—Microscopic interfacial wave or roughness

Definitions

  • My invention relates to a process of coating one metal with another (especially iron and steel) with an amorphous, inherent, adherent, coherent permanent film or pellicle of one metal upon another, the particles of the coating metal being driven into and incorporated with the metal being coated by beating them into the interstices or pores at and beneath the surface thereof, as hereinafter specified; and it consists in a certain method of procedure fully set forth in this specification and claimed at the end thereof.
  • the first and a most important step consists in so cleaning the metal to be coated that nothing remains upon its surfaces not homogenous with the metal itself. Acids, alkalies, oxids, grease, and anything which prevents the coating metal from coming in absolute contact with the molecule of the metal to be coated injures the result.
  • the surfaces should be free from moisture, and preferably for the most perfect and permanent result the surfaces should be dried by heat. No air can remain between the molecules of the coating and the coated metal, and upon this depends the elficiency of the result. This is especially important where the metal to be coated is an easily-oxidizable one, such as iron and steel, &c.
  • the second step in my process consists in impacting the coating metal into the surfaces to be coated by systematically beating thecoating metal against the metal being coated, which is firmly held to receive the impacting blows of the beaters.
  • This beating of the coating metal upon the metal being coated is preferably produced by vibratory beating rods or pieces pivotally secured upon rods or supports on a rapidly-revolving drum located above a bed-plate arranged to move beneath or over against the field of action of said beating-rods, on which bed-plate the metal plate being coated is firmly secured, so that by rapidly revolving said drum the beatingrods strike upon the. surface of the metal on the said bed-plate, and in doing so the metallic beating-rods first disturb the molecular condition of the said plate and serve to mechanically clean the surface, at the same time undoubtedly to open the pores of the said plate.
  • the particles from said beating-rods are hammered into the pores of the, said plate and incorporated with its surface and form a pellicle of metal on its surface which is adherent to said surface and practicallyincorporated with its particles or molecules and whose particles cohere with each other in such a manner that the said pellicle cannot be removed from said plate mechanically without removing the particles of the said plate also.
  • FIG. 1 represents a longitudinal view or elevation of a table for holding a plate of metal to be coated, driving-pulleys, and a cross-section on line a: w of Fig. 2 of an apparatus in the nature of a wheel or flanges provided with bars, on which are pivoted metal wires or boaters twisted about said bars and vibrating thereon.
  • Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal view or elevation of a table for holding a plate of metal to be coated, driving-pulleys, and a cross-section on line a: w of Fig. 2 of an apparatus in the nature of a wheel or flanges provided with bars, on which are pivoted metal wires or boaters twisted about said bars and vibrating thereon.
  • Fig. 1 represents a longitudinal view or elevation of a table for holding a plate of metal to be coated, driving-pulleys, and a cross-section on line a: w of Fig. 2 of an apparatus in the nature of a wheel or flanges provided with bars,
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the table and a central section of the apparatus lengthwise of the apparatus for holding' the vibratory wires or heaters, showing the end flanges, bearings, driving pulleywheels, and beater-wires and rods which hold them.
  • A is the bed of the machine; B, the legs or supports.
  • 0 is the table on which the plate to be coated rest-s to be moved backward and forward either by hand or by the usual reciprocatory table movement, as in planing-machines, in which case the plate is fastened to the table;
  • D a raised portion of the table under the revolving vibrating heaters.
  • G represents driving pulley-wheels secured on shaft E, by which the shaft E is driven in either direction circumferentially.
  • the revolution of the beating apparatus causes the wire beater K to strike with force upon the surface of the plate L, with more or less force as the distance from the surface of the plate is less or greater.
  • This distance is regulated by turning the adjusting-box bearing-screws M in the usual manner, which raise or lower box-bearings N and of course raise orlowerthe shaft E, which is journaled therein.
  • the wire heaters K are of copper in whole or in part. Of course the ends which beat upon the iron plate must in this case be copper.
  • I claim 1 The process substantially hereinbefore specified, which consists in producing a coating of one metal upon another, by first cleaning the metal to be coated substantially as specified, and then forcibly beating the coating metal upon the metal being coated systematically and continously until the particles or molecules of the coating. metal are driven into the pores of and incorporated with the particles at and beneath the surface of the metal being coated, and an amorphous inherent, adherent, coherent, permanent film or pellicle of the coating metal is formed upon 661.650 5 v v I 3' and irremovably united therewith, substem Q tially as hereinbefore specifieda 2.
  • the within-described product consisting of a, body of one metal whose surface parti-f 5 oles are eommingled with particles of another, coating metal, the'ooating metal being driven into the pores of the body metal, the two metals being incorporated together at and be- 10 forming aunion theone with the other of a permanent nature, the one forming aninneath the 'surfaoe'ofithe body metal, and;

Description

No. 66|,650. Patented Nov. l3, I900.
. s. H. THURSTON.
PROCESS OF COATING ONE METAL WITH ANOTHER AND RESULTING PRODUCT.
(Application filed Dee. 8, 1898.)
($pecimans.)
(mm? A llllllllllp m; I. L. klklsg lLlLkK S 17 IEIIVII A :O k I F H K k JVC l L ,4 G L WITNESSES: INVENTOR ATTOR N EY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIC SAMUEL H. THURSTON, OF LONG BRANCH, NEW JERSEY.
PROCESS OF COATING ONE METAL WITH ANOTHER AND RESULTING PROl'lUCT.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 661,650, dated November 13, 1900. Application filed December 8, 1898. Serial N0- |670. (Sp imens-l To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, SAMUEL HEMAN THURS- TON, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of Long Branch, county of Monmouth, State of New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Process of Coating One Metal with Another and the Products Resulting from Such Process, of which the following is a specification.
My invention relates to a process of coating one metal with another (especially iron and steel) with an amorphous, inherent, adherent, coherent permanent film or pellicle of one metal upon another, the particles of the coating metal being driven into and incorporated with the metal being coated by beating them into the interstices or pores at and beneath the surface thereof, as hereinafter specified; and it consists in a certain method of procedure fully set forth in this specification and claimed at the end thereof.
In previous applications, to which this present application is related, I have described and claimed the surfacing of iron and steel with an amorphous, adherent, coherent, permanent coating of copper and copper oxid by a process similar in some respects to this present application.
To more fully specify the nature of the process and the steps necessary to produce a more perfect and finished product is the object of this application, which steps are fully set out and claimed herein.
In order that persons skilled in the art to which my invention appertains may understand, practice, and use my invention, Iwill proceed to describe it.
The first and a most important step consists in so cleaning the metal to be coated that nothing remains upon its surfaces not homogenous with the metal itself. Acids, alkalies, oxids, grease, and anything which prevents the coating metal from coming in absolute contact with the molecule of the metal to be coated injures the result. The surfaces should be free from moisture, and preferably for the most perfect and permanent result the surfaces should be dried by heat. No air can remain between the molecules of the coating and the coated metal, and upon this depends the elficiency of the result. This is especially important where the metal to be coated is an easily-oxidizable one, such as iron and steel, &c.
The second step in my process consists in impacting the coating metal into the surfaces to be coated by systematically beating thecoating metal against the metal being coated, which is firmly held to receive the impacting blows of the beaters. This beating of the coating metal upon the metal being coated is preferably produced by vibratory beating rods or pieces pivotally secured upon rods or supports on a rapidly-revolving drum located above a bed-plate arranged to move beneath or over against the field of action of said beating-rods, on which bed-plate the metal plate being coated is firmly secured, so that by rapidly revolving said drum the beatingrods strike upon the. surface of the metal on the said bed-plate, and in doing so the metallic beating-rods first disturb the molecular condition of the said plate and serve to mechanically clean the surface, at the same time undoubtedly to open the pores of the said plate.
Then the particles from said beating-rods are hammered into the pores of the, said plate and incorporated with its surface and form a pellicle of metal on its surface which is adherent to said surface and practicallyincorporated with its particles or molecules and whose particles cohere with each other in such a manner that the said pellicle cannot be removed from said plate mechanically without removing the particles of the said plate also.
The manner of heating or driving the particles of coating metal into the pores of the metal being coated hereinbefore referred to is illustrated by the drawings herewith, in which- Figure 1 represents a longitudinal view or elevation of a table for holding a plate of metal to be coated, driving-pulleys, and a cross-section on line a: w of Fig. 2 of an apparatus in the nature of a wheel or flanges provided with bars, on which are pivoted metal wires or boaters twisted about said bars and vibrating thereon. Fig. 2 is a front view of the table and a central section of the apparatus lengthwise of the apparatus for holding' the vibratory wires or heaters, showing the end flanges, bearings, driving pulleywheels, and beater-wires and rods which hold them.
A is the bed of the machine; B, the legs or supports.
0 is the table on which the plate to be coated rest-s to be moved backward and forward either by hand or by the usual reciprocatory table movement, as in planing-machines, in which case the plate is fastened to the table; D, a raised portion of the table under the revolving vibrating heaters.
E is ashaft journaled in bearingsFon the bed A at opposite sides of the bed.
G represents driving pulley-wheels secured on shaft E, by which the shaft E is driven in either direction circumferentially.
H represents flanges secured to shaft E,
one at each end within the bearings F.
J represents rods which are secured to and in flanges E and extend from one flange to forward movementof the table C, as the case may be. The revolution of the beating apparatus causes the wire beater K to strike with force upon the surface of the plate L, with more or less force as the distance from the surface of the plate is less or greater. This distance is regulated by turning the adjusting-box bearing-screws M in the usual manner, which raise or lower box-bearings N and of course raise orlowerthe shaft E, which is journaled therein. \Vhen an iron or steel plate L is being coated with copper, the wire heaters K are of copper in whole or in part. Of course the ends which beat upon the iron plate must in this case be copper. The result of this operation of my process by an apparatus is superior to the result produced by hand-beating; but my process is not confined to the use of an apparatus like the one herein described, but I prefer for regular surfaces to employ such an apparatus or its equivalent. Irregular surfaces are coated by my process either by hand-beating or by revolving beater-s flexibly attached to and operated by mechanism driven by power, but manipulated by hand.
The results produced by this process are farsuperiorto anything everbefore produced by any previously-invented process and are permanent in their nature, and the coatings can not be mechanically removed from the surfaces without removing the particles of the surface on I which they are fixed. By this means the molecules of the coating are caused to forcibly adhere to the surfaces being coated and also to coherc between themselves. Thus an amorphous, permanent, inherent, adherent, coherent pellicle is formed upon the metal being coated, which may be rolled, extended, or bent without destroying the said film or pellicle. In performing this last step in my process the molecules of both coating and the metal being coated are disturbed or disarranged and then rearranged, as the first effect of impacting or of impingement is to rougheu the surfaces and disturb its molecules and at the same time to comminute the metal used in coating. It is also quite probable, as itis possible, that an electromagnetic condition is set up, especially in the case of copper when beingimpacted on iron and steel. I have found this condition in some cases to exist very strongly.
It is possible to rub one metal upon another and produce a color without much precaution other than ordinary cleaning and care; but such an operation does not in any manner resemble the process claimed by me as my discovery and invention, as the result is not permanent, adherent, or coherent and must be secured upon the surfaces by some binder, such as lacquer.
By this process I have succeeded in coating iron and steel with many metals and adapted it to a variety of cases and conditions, and in this application I shall claim such products as I deem important in a commercial point of view. These products are of an amorphous nature, not crystalline, as in the case of electricallydeposited and galvanized coatings previous to being burnished, which is an important-ditference and one which affects the usefulness of the coating produced by my inoperation of cleaning are driven off and more thorough removal of deleterious matter occurs and a more perfect:- result is attained.
I am aware of the inventions and processes set outin the references, of record-viz. Dowling, British Patent No. 7,949 of 1839; Barron, British Patent No. 1,2-t3 of 1856; Boucker, British Patent No. 12,720 of 184:9; Potts, British Patent No. 2,761t of 1859; Spring, United States Patent No.197,572, dated November 27,
18-77; Bower,United States Patent No.270,00t, dated January 2, 1883; Elmore, British Patent No; 2,618, dated February 14, 1889, and I do not claim anything set'out or claimed in said patents. None of them describes or claims any process which can possibly produce a product at all akin to that produced in accordance with my invention.
I claim 1. The process substantially hereinbefore specified, which consists in producing a coating of one metal upon another, by first cleaning the metal to be coated substantially as specified, and then forcibly beating the coating metal upon the metal being coated systematically and continously until the particles or molecules of the coating. metal are driven into the pores of and incorporated with the particles at and beneath the surface of the metal being coated, and an amorphous inherent, adherent, coherent, permanent film or pellicle of the coating metal is formed upon 661.650 5 v v I 3' and irremovably united therewith, substem Q tially as hereinbefore specifieda 2. The within-described product consisting ofa, body of one metal whose surface parti-f 5 oles are eommingled with particles of another, coating metal, the'ooating metal being driven into the pores of the body metal, the two metals being incorporated together at and be- 10 forming aunion theone with the other of a permanent nature, the one forming aninneath the 'surfaoe'ofithe body metal, and;
: herent, adherent, amorphous, end eohere'nt;
coating upon the other, substantially as specified'. Signed by me atNew York city, eounty'and 15 State of New York, this 1st day of December, 1898. 1'
SAMUEL H. THURsToNQ "Witnessesi r JAMES M. HICKS,
OfiARLEs W. Lew,
US69867098A 1898-12-08 1898-12-08 Process of coating one metal with another and resulting product. Expired - Lifetime US661650A (en)

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2757659A (en) * 1954-04-05 1956-08-07 Charles T Asbury Device for cutting stone and concrete
US2763257A (en) * 1952-05-23 1956-09-18 Fidelity Service Inc Apparatus for cutting stone
US2914425A (en) * 1956-03-14 1959-11-24 Joseph C Mcguire Method for soldering normally nonsolderable articles
US3025184A (en) * 1958-01-31 1962-03-13 American Can Co Method of inhibiting corrosion
US3036324A (en) * 1958-03-17 1962-05-29 Charles T Asbury Cutting tool
US3246378A (en) * 1958-11-27 1966-04-19 Monforts Maschinenfabrik A Napping machine
US4625401A (en) * 1984-06-25 1986-12-02 Amp Incorporated Method of gold coating an article
US4720036A (en) * 1984-04-05 1988-01-19 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschranker Haftung Method and apparatus for a surface-improving treatment of body of an alloy having a readily oxidizable surface-impairing component
US5098485A (en) * 1990-09-19 1992-03-24 Evans Findings Company Method of making electrically insulating metallic oxides electrically conductive
US6468647B1 (en) * 1998-02-17 2002-10-22 Spectro Dynamic Systems, Llc Infrared reflective visually colored metallic compositions

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2763257A (en) * 1952-05-23 1956-09-18 Fidelity Service Inc Apparatus for cutting stone
US2757659A (en) * 1954-04-05 1956-08-07 Charles T Asbury Device for cutting stone and concrete
US2914425A (en) * 1956-03-14 1959-11-24 Joseph C Mcguire Method for soldering normally nonsolderable articles
US3025184A (en) * 1958-01-31 1962-03-13 American Can Co Method of inhibiting corrosion
US3036324A (en) * 1958-03-17 1962-05-29 Charles T Asbury Cutting tool
US3246378A (en) * 1958-11-27 1966-04-19 Monforts Maschinenfabrik A Napping machine
US4720036A (en) * 1984-04-05 1988-01-19 Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft Mit Beschranker Haftung Method and apparatus for a surface-improving treatment of body of an alloy having a readily oxidizable surface-impairing component
US4625401A (en) * 1984-06-25 1986-12-02 Amp Incorporated Method of gold coating an article
US5098485A (en) * 1990-09-19 1992-03-24 Evans Findings Company Method of making electrically insulating metallic oxides electrically conductive
US6468647B1 (en) * 1998-02-17 2002-10-22 Spectro Dynamic Systems, Llc Infrared reflective visually colored metallic compositions

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