US652219A - Building construction. - Google Patents

Description

J. C. PELTON.

BUILDING CONSTRUCT (Application iled Aug. 419, 18

No. 652,2l9.

(No Modal.)

Patented lune I9, |9001. J. C. PILTIJN. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

(Application filed Aurg. 19, 1899.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

No. 652,2l9.

(N0 Model.)

.F E A /N VEA/70H fa/zn C. Pe [a/z `A from/EY w/TNESSES UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOHN COTTER PELTON, OF NEV YORK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO LEROY E. MOSHER, OF LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION.

SPECIFICATION 'forming part of Lettere Patent No. 652,219, dated .inne 19,1900.

Application le August 19, 1899. Serial No. 727,760. (No model.)

To all whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN COTTER PELTON, a citizen of the United States, residing at New York, in the county and State of New York,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Building Construction, of Which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to improvements in ro building construction, and particularly tothe construction of a iloor that shall possess unusual firmness and strength, while at the same Vtime being unusually light in consequence of the economical employment and I5 distribution of the several parts thereof. In

addition to the abovefeatures the floor possesses the advantage of being reproof.

My object, therefore, is to provide a flooring for buildings that may be simply and rapo idly constructed land that shall combine the above advantages.

In the drawings, Figure l is a sectional View of a portion of flooring, said section being taken on a line parallel with the iron beams commonly employed. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of one of the details of construction, partly in section. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of another detail. Fig. 4 is a side elevation .of a detached strengthening-core of .what I 3o shall hereinafter term a flintel-block. Fig.

5 is a sectional modification. Fig. 6 is a section of a portion of a lintel and strengthem l ing-core.

A is a door block or tile. B is an internal 3 5 metallic strengthening-core in the form of a perforated sheet of metal, the opposite edges of which may, if desired, be upset or swelled or wrapped around a rod B', by which said edges may be anchored. In constructing 4o this floor-block any suitable material which can be molded-for example, concrete-may be employed to envelop the perforated strengthening-strip B, which material when once set is anchored through and through said strip, thus making the addition to the swelled edges merely an additional means of security. It is because the core B is captured by the material of the Hoor-block A at so many points that.in many instances said 5o core may comprise merely a comparativelythin sheet of metal. While it is preferable to have the perforated sheet-metal coreB Hat, or substantially so, the same may, if desired, be concaved.` These blocks A in my pre- -ferred construction have their ends downwardly and inwardly inclined and have a iiat, even, and comparatively-smooth bearing-surface to take up uniformly against the supporting member, termed the lintel-block which will now be referred to. The lintel-block F is 6o shown in detail in Fig. 2, in which its position is illustrated with reference to the iron supporting-beams such as I prefer to employ.

D D are iron`beams, commonly termed I- beams, which derive their support in the usual manner. Between these beams D D the lintel is placed, and as many of them may be employed as may be determined is necessary. The lintelA-block comprises a central strengthening-core E of suitable material, 7o preferably metal, in which core are arranged rows of obliquely-faced perforations, by which I mean rows of perforations which are inclined in opposite directions away from the center of the arch, the pitch of which gradually decrease toward opposite ends of the core E, which may be readily understood by referring to Fig. 4. Around this core is formed an envelop of concrete or other suitable material, which preferably entirely covers the core and `So passes through the perforations therein, so as to form a secure anchorage for said'core at each perforation, as shown in Fig. 6, which view merely illustrates a portion of a lintel F, said section being taken upon a line to indicatea perforation in said core through which the enveloping material passes. The finished lintel-block is of a shape which in general may be best seen by reference to Fig. l, in which it will be observed that the lower por- 9o tion thereof is the thickest and preferably of an angular outline. The sides of the lintelblock converge toward its upper edge at an. angle corresponding as nearly as possible to the ends of the floor-blocks A which are to be supported thereby. If desired, abrupt shoulders F may be formed on the outer surface of the lintelF at a point adjacent to the lower abutting surface of the floor-blocks, which arrangement will be found very deroo sirable in reproof construction. It is preferable that the web or core E, by which the lintel is strengthened, should have its opposite edges wrapped around one or more cables G, thus giving to the core an added strength, the size, strength, or number of which may be varied as desired, and by which the strength of the metal may be gradu-l ated or varied to its exact needs Without varying the thickness of the material of the perforated strip E, which may, in general, be practically the same. In practice I have elnployed for this purpose what is known as No. 26 sheet-iron, and have varied the size of the cable G as necessity required, and have practically ascertained by experiment that the weight-supporting capacity may be determined thereby. I/Vhile it is cheaper to construct the envelop of a homogeneous mass of material, if desired the construction may be varied, for example, by building up layer upon layer of thin lireproof material to be.

subsequently pressed into the shape before described. To that end, therefore, I have taken cloth or paper and after first treating it with a iireproof solution have smeared it with a plastic concrete possessing fireproof qualities and have wrapped it around and around the core E until it was of the desired size, after which I have compressed it into the desired shape. lSuch a construction is unusually iireproof in that it cannot upon being subjected to great heat crack throughout, but will, if it cracks at all, separate layer by layer, so that only af te'r a very prolonged heat will its'holding capacity be destroyed, and then only after it has been repeatedly subjected to the shock of water thrown against the same, which will too rapidly cool and contact the material and resnltin the rupture of thesame. Obviously this construction is not confined to the manufacture of lintel-blocks; but it may be advantageously employed in building constructions wherever it is desired to resist successive -shocks of heat and cold.

Vhile I have shown and described preferred forms of construction of various details of construction, the same may be quite radically varied without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. For eX- ample, While the best results are obtained by gradually lowering the pitch of perforations in the core E away from the center, satisfactory results may be obtained by forming said rows in substantially parallel lines; but the former is preferred, since it produces a lintelblock which supports the strain of a heavy weight more after the manner of an arch.

The detail of construction shown in Fig. 3 is a modification of the strengthening-cores previously referred to in which in place of a sheet of metal I employ.strengthening-cables G G', connected together by strips of sheet metal or wire E', crossing diagonally and, if desired, riveted, as at E2, where said intermediate connections cross.

In Fig. l I have shown a ceiling H, which, it" desired, may be employed and which may be supported in any desired manner to the 1 liquely-arranged lines extending in opposite directions away from the center of said 1inunder side of the door-as, for example, by wires I. y

In Fig. 5 I have shown a preferred method 7o of supporting a ceiling-block in which I have provided a second set of angular projections F2 upon the lintel and have provided the ceiling-block II with a flange H2, to rest upon. said shoulder F2, and thereby derive its support. A ceiling of this construction may be readily let into place, if desired; before the floor-blocks A are set in or, if desired, afterward in various ways.

It is a well-known fact in building constructions that I-beams are seldom placed more than four or live feet apart, because of the difliculty of forming a suitable arch with the limited amount of material that it is advantageous to employ in the door and still secure a sufficient amount of strength. By the improved construction llereinbefore described itis clear that the I-beams may be placed, if desired, at a much greater distance apart than has heretofore been the rule without sacrificing any strength and without increasing the thickness and bulk of the material. Heretofore the span of the arch was fromv beam to beam, whereas by the present construction the span runs in an opposite direction, the lintels providing the shoulder or skew-back to take the thrust of the arched floor-block.

What I claim is-v 1. In a building construction, a lintel, having inclined sides, a door-block having oppo- IOO i sitely-inclined ends and bearing against said lintel, a stre ngthening-core enveloped in said lintel, said core being perforated and through which perforations the enveloping material extends.

2. In a building construction, a lintel, a door-block, a strengthening-core enveloped in said lintel, said core being perforated on obliquely-arranged lines, through which perforations the enveloping material extends.

3. In a building construction, a lintel, a strengthening-core for said lintel enveloped therein, said core being perforated on ob-Y IIO tel, and through which perforations the enveloping material extends, and a door-block supported by said lintel.

4. In a building construction, a lintel, comprising a strengtheningcore, perforations therein arranged in oblique lines extending away from the center, an envelop therefor the material of which passes through the perforations of said core to anchor the same.

5. In a building construction, a lintel, comprising, a strengthening-core of perforated sheet metal, cables carried thereby at opposite edges thereof, perforations in the sheetmetal portion of said core and. an envelop of suitable material inclosing the aforesaid core and passing through the perforations therein from opposite sides thereof.

6. In a building construction, a lintel, a

strengthening-core for said lintel, said core being perforated on-lines obliquely arranged` and extending in opposite directions away from the center of said lintel and at gradually-reduced angles of inclination toward the ends thereof, perforations in said core,tl1 rough which perforations the enveloping material upon opposite sides of said lintel is connected, and a floonblock bearing against said lintel.

7. In abuilding construction, a lintel coinprising a strengthening-core, said core being perforated on an obliquely-arranged line, an enveloping material, said material extending through and being anchored in said perforations, said lintel being adapted to support floor-blocks, substantially as described.

S. In a building construction, a lintel, a perforated sheet-metal core therefor, said core being embedded in said lintel and vertically arranged with respect to its normal position, the opposite sides of said lintel being inclined upwardly and inwardly and adapted to receive and support floor-blocks which bear against opposite sides of said lintel to laterally support the same and preserve it in its upright position.

9. In a building construction, a plurality of cross-beams arranged in parallel, a plurality of lintel-blocks supported by said beams and arranged in parallel but in planes transversely to the supporting-beams, a perforated metal core in each of said lintels, and flooring-blocks supported by said lintels.

10. In abuilding construction, a lintel comprising a strengthening core, an envelop therefor comprising a series of layers bearing against and secured to each other.

11. In a building construction, a lintel" block comprising a perforated core and a laminated envelop the inner layers being secured to each other through said perforations and the outer layers being secured one upon another.

Signed at New York, N. Y., this 16th lday of August, 1899. y,

JOI-IN COTTER PELTON.

Witnesses:

R. C. MITCHELL, GEORGE T. HACKLEY.

Images