US643083A - Thrust-register for drilling-machines. - Google Patents

Description

flu 0 mm 7 b e F d e t n e t a P 7 c e D C D I.- L U B C M 3 8 3 4 6 0 N M. A. BULLOGK, Executrix. THBUST REGISTER FOR DRILLING MACHINES.

(Application filed Apr. 17, 1899.) QNO Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet l.

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THE NORRIS PETERS coy, PHoYo-umu, WASHlNGTON, a. c.

am 0 m 6 .D e F d e t n e t a P m c e D C U L L U B C M am 8 3 4 6 0 N ILA. suLLock. Executrix. Tl-IRUST REGISTER FOR DRILLING MACHINES.

' (Application filed Apr. 17, 1899.) (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Shoat 2.

THE Nonms PETERS coy. PHDTO LIYHO., wasnmaron, n c.

No. 643,083. Patented 'Feb. 6, I900.

M. C. BULLOCK, Decd.

m. A. BULLOCK, Executrix. THRUST REGISTER FOR DRILLING MACHINES.

(Application filed Apr. 17, 1899.) 4 el.) v 7 Sheets-Sheet 3.

Jhrg fiat m: noRms PETERS 0o, vnoioumou wAsmuaYom n. c.

No. 643,083. Patented Feb. 6, I900.

M. c. BULLOCK, Decd.

M. A. BULLOCK. Executrix. v THRUST REGISTER FOR DRILLING MACHINES.

(Application filed Apr. 17, 11399.) (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 4.

Zfilneases ms oams awns cu. mom-mum" WASHINGTON, u,c.

No. 643,083. Patented Feb. 6, i900.

M. C. BULLOCK, Decd.

m. A. BULLOCK, Executrix. THBUST REGISTER FOR DRiLLING MACHINES.

. (Application fild Apr. 17, 1899.) (No Model.) 7 Sheets-Sheet 5.

THE mums PETERS 00.. PHOTO-LIT|f40u wasnmsrou, D. c.

No. 643,083. Patented. Feb. 6, I900. M. C. BULLOCK, Decd.

M. A. BULLOCK, Executrix.

THRUST REGISTER FOR DRILLING MACHINES.

' (Application filed Apr. 17, 1899.) (No Model.) 7 Sliaets-Sheet 6.

GTDN, n. c. m2 NORRIS PETERS co. Paorouma, WASFHN No. 643,083. Patented Feb; 6, 1900.- m. c. BULLOCK, own.

M. A. BULLOCK, Executrix. THRUST REGISTER FOR DRILLING MACHINES.

(Application filed Apr. 17, 1899.) (Ho Medal.) 7 Sheeis$heet 7.

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m: NORR1$ PETERS co. PHoTouTHa, WASHINGTON. n. c

UNITE STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MARY ANN BULLOCK, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, EXECUTRIX OF MILAN C.

' BULLOCK, DECEASED.

THRUST-REGISTER FOR DRILLING-MACHINES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 643,083, dated February 6, 1900.

Application filed April 17, 1899. Serial No. 713,261. (No model.)

To all whom, it pretty concern:

Be it known that I, MARY ANN BULLOCK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, am executrix of the last will and testament of MILAN C. BULLOCK, late a citizen of Illinois, deceased; that the said MILAN C. BUL- LOCK, deceased, was the inventor of certain new and useful Improvements in Thrust-Registers for Drilling-Machines-, and I, MARY ANN BULLOCK, executrix, as aforesaid, do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to a thrust-recorder for drilling-machines of that kind which operate by rotation and continual pressure, the same being an apparatus by which the thrust or pressure of the drill-rod, due to the pressure of the drilling-head or cutting-tool against the material through which the cutting is being done and which varies according to the hardness of such material, may be automatically recorded.

The invention is more particularly applicable to prospectingdrills or those used for ascertaining the character and thickness of earth and rock strata or to determine as to the presence of coal or mineral bearing veins.

The invention consists in the matters hereinafter described, and pointed out in the appended claims.

In prior patents (No. 165,539, dated July 13, l875,and No.463,428,dated November3,189l,) heretofore obtained by said Milan C. Bullock is shown what was in said patents called a thrust-register, but what is, in fact, merely a thrust-indicat0r,the same being constructed to show at all times to the eye of the operator the pressure on the thrust-bearing of the drillrod, but making no record of variations in the pressure. Such a thrust-indicator consists generally of a cylinder containing water or other liquid and provided with a piston, which latter is connected with and takes the thrust or pressure of the thrust-bearing of the drillrod, so that theliquid within the cylinder is at all times subject to the pressure applied to tively light and the advance of the drill-head relatively rapid in a soft material like coal,

but the thrust being much greater and the rate of advance relatively slow in passing through a hard material like rock. Inasmuch as the same material requires with the same speed of rotation and of advance of the cutting-tool approximately the same pressure on the drill-rod to penetrate it, the variations in pressure produced in passing from one stratum to another afford a very accurate indication of the character of the material being operated upon. Moreover, the change of pressure in passing from one stratum to another is clearly shown by the pressure-gage of such a thrust-indicator, so that the operator by noting the time when the changes of pressure occur and measuring the distance advanced by the drill-rod in passing through each stratum can determine very accurately the thickness of the several strata traversed by the drill. Moreover, examination of the borin gs or detritus brought from the drill-hole with the current of water which is forced through the drill-rod affords a further means of indicating the character of the stratum in which the drill is working at any time, so that the operator by observation of the pressure-gage of the indicator, the cases removed, the character of the detritus, and the distance traveled by the drill-rod in passing through each stratum can determine very accurately the thickness of and the materials composing the strata through which the drilling has been done.

The present invention contemplates the makingof a permanent record of the thickness and relative hardness of the several strata through which the boring is accomplished independently of any observations by or care on the part of the operator, the action of the recorder being entirely automatic.

The apparatus herein shown as embodying thisinvention embraces as its main features, in connection with the driving and feed devices for operating a drill rod, a vessel or cylinder containing a liquid through the medium of I which endwise pressure is applied to the drill-rod and which is therefore subject to the end thrust of the cutter, a pressure-gage connected to said vessel or cylinder, and a recording apparatus consisting of mechanism adapted to advance a recording strip or sheet of paper or the like at a speed proportionate to the speed of the drill-rod in its advance movement, and a marker, stylus, or pencil actuated by the pressure-gage and adapted to move transversely to-the recording-strip or in the direction thereon at right angles to its direction of movement. In an apparatus of this character the recording-strip will partake of the movement of the drill-rod, or, in other words, will advance slowly or rapidly in accord with the movement of the drill-rod, while the marker or stylus will move from side to side across the strip in accordance with the pressure required to advance the drill-rod. It follows that a mark or line made by the stylus on the recording-strip will indicate accurately the varying pressures on the thrust-bearing of the drill and the relative distances apart at which the changes in pressure take place. In other words, the completed record will afford a graphic indication of the conditions under which the drill is operating at all times, and, moreover, a means by which the actual back pressures on and actual distances advanced by the drill-rod may be accurately determined.

For greater convenience in determining the matters referred to it is proposed to mark the recording-strip with longitudinal lines indicating pressures and transverse lines indicating distances advanced, so that the distances advanced by and backward pressure upon the drill may be read directly from the said record-strip. The transverse lines of the record-strip may indicate feet and inches or other unit of linear measurement, while the distances between longitudinal lines may indicate variations in pressure,in pounds per square inch, or other unit of pressure. The record-strip may be made to move at any speed desired with relation to the actual rate of advance of the drill-rodas, for instance, the record-strip might be connected directly with the feed devices of the machine and advanced at the same rate as the drill-rod, in which case longitudinal distances on the record-strip will be, in fact, the same as the actual distances traversed by the drill-head. Ordinarily, however, for convenience and compactness of construction the record-strip will be driven or moved by the feed devices; but

, a speed-reducing gear will be used to drive it much more slowly than the drill-rod, and

the transverse marks or division-lines will be located at distances apart corresponding with the reduced rate of speedas, for instance, two inches of travel of the record-strip may represent a foot of travel of the drill-rod, in which case one-sixth of an inch will represent an inch travel. A strip thus made would be ruled to indicate feet and inches of travel and would indicate the variations with sufficient closeness for all practical purposes. The longitudinal lines representing pressure on the record-strip will be placed at a distance apart determined by the travel of the stylus under definite variations in pressure. The distance between longitudinal lines may, for instance, each represent fifty pounds in difference in pressure. Inasmuch as the changes in the pressure during the advance of the drill-head will commonly be abrupt, as the drill-head passes from soft to hard or from hard to soft strata such changes will be indicated on the record strip by transverse lines, and inasmuch as the pressure willcommonly remain about the same while the drill is passing through any one stratum the thickness of each stratum will commonly be indicated by a line approximately parallel with the longitudinal division-lines of the recordstrip. Said record-strip therefore will present to the eye a clear picture or representation of the several strata through which the drill passes during the making of the record, the harder strata being represented by straight lines at a greater distance from the base or zero line, the softer strata by lines at a less distance from said base or zero line, and the points of change of the strata being represented by transverse lines connecting the longitudinal lines the distance apart of which transverse lines will be indicated in feet or inches by their relation 'to the transverse division-lines of the record-strip.

A record-strip made as described may be under the constant observation of the operator who is doing the drilling and may also be preserved for the use of the person for whom the work is being done, thereby affording a permanent record of the geological formation at the place where the prospecting is being done. It is contemplated, however, as part of this invention that the record-strip should be surrounded by a locked inclosure inaccessible to the operator, so that it may be entirely under the control of the person for whom the work is being done. Thus if the work be undertaken by contract and the owner of the ground desires to be certain that the report is made exactly in accordance with the facts and cannot be tampered with by the persons doing the work he can keep the record-strip entirely under his own control, and

thus put it beyond the power of any person 7 to give a false or misleading report. The possibility of so ascertaining with certainty the results of prospecting work is often of very great importance, inasmuch as the results obtained often afiect greatly the value ered by the record-strip.

of propertyas, for instance, if a coal vein were reported as having a thickness of three feet when it were six feet thick in fact this would be a difference of great practical importance, and it might obviously be greatly to the advantage of the person first learning of the existence of such a vein to conceal the real facts regarding it for the benefit of himself or others. I

It is of course obvious that a recording device constructed as described not only lessens the possibility of error by making a permanent record as the work pr0gresses,but greatly lessens the probability of a false or misleading report, even though no special precautions in the way of locking up the record-strip be used. Moreover, the recording-device apparatus described eliminates all possibility of error by carelessness or inattention on the part of the operator, as the result is then entirely automatic and does not depend on the operators observation of pressures or meas urement of distances. By the use of a table indicating the pressures at which wellknown mineral substances may be penetrated by the rotating drill of the same character as that used an unskilled or inexpert person may determine with considerable accuracy from the record-strip the characteristics of the strata penetrated by the drill during the space covthe detritus coming from the boring the information obtained by relative pressures in drilling maybe supplemented and made more certain, while if the core made by the use of a tubular drill-rod be removed when the drill is working in rock or other minerals 'sufficiently hard to retain its integrality it will afford a further test of accuracy.

An apparatus by means of which this invention may be carried into practice is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a view in front elevation of the main parts of a drilling-machine having a recording device attached thereto. side View of the swivel-head of the machine shown inFig. 1,with the parts which are mount-' ed thereon. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the parts shownin Fig. 2; Fig. 4, a detail view of the supporting-bracket shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 5 is an enlarged View of a section of a record-strip. Fig. 6 is a view in side elevation of the stripactuating mechanism and adjacent pressuregage, the casing inclosing the strip-actuating mechanism being shown in section. Fig. 7 is a sectional view taken on line 7 Tot Fig. 6, showing the actuating devices for the paper strip. Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail section taken on line 8 S of Fig. 6. Fig. 9 is an enlarged face view ofthe sliding carrier which supports the stylus of the registering device. Fig. 10 illustrates this invention as applied to a rock-drill having a counterbalanee-weight. Fig. 11 is an enlarged elevation of the swivel and gimbal-joint shown in Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is a view of the central vertical section of the By observation of- Fig. 2 is a.

devices illustrated in Fig. 11, taken on line 12 12 of said Fig. 11. Fig. 13 is a detail section taken upon line 13 13 of Fig. 12. Fig.

14 illustrates this invention as applied to a rock-drilling machine having a hydraulic feed. Fig. 15 illustrates this invention applied to a another form of drilling-machine having a hydraulic feed. Fig. 16 is a central vertical section of the feed devices shown in Fig. 15.

First referring to the apparatus illustrated in Figs. 1 to 9, the same is made as follows:

A, Fig. 1, indicates the main frame of a drilling-machine, the same being shown as provided with attached steam-cylinders A A, by means of which motion is given to th main driving-shaft of the machine.

13 indicates a swivel-head which is mounted on the vertical end face of the frame A in such manner that it can be'swung or rotated in a vertical plane perpendicular to the axis of the main driving-shaft concentrically therewith.

0 indicates the tubular driving-spindle of the machine, which is mounted on the swivelhead and through which the drill -rod G passes, the said drill-rod being secured to the driving-spindle by means of a chuck c at the lower end of said driving-spindle. The driving-spindle is rotated to give rotary motion to the drill-rod and is advanced to feed forward the drill-rod by-a differential-feed gearing of the kind described in said prior patents and embracing a feed-nut D on the swivel-head, adapted to engage external screw-threads on the driving-spindle. The driving-spindle has a. backward-and-forward reciprocatory motion, being engaged with the drill-rod by means of the chuck 0, so as to advance said drill-rod in its forward movement and being disconnected from the drill-rod in its backward movement, as heretofore common in such machines.

E indicates a beveled gear-wheel on the main d riving-shaft, from which rotary motion is communicated to the tubular drivingspindle 0 through the medium of a beveled pinion F, which is attached to a sleeve 0 mounted in a bearing B on the swivel-head, and is provided with a spline which engages a groove 0 in the driving-spindle, whereby rotary motion is given to the latter, the driving-spindle being adapted to slide freely endwise through said sleeve when advanced by the action of the feed-nut. The feed'nut D has the form of a sleeve, which is mounted in a bearin D of the swivel-head and is actuated through the medium of a countershaft F, which is mounted on the swivelhead at one end of the driving-spindle and is provided with a gear-wheel f, intermeshing with a gear-wheel e on the lower end of the feednut D. The counter-shaft F is driven from the sleeve 0 through the medium of the intermeshing gear-wheels cl d d f f f, attached to said sleeve and counter shaft, respectively, a suitable clutch device being employed to enable either set of gears to be used for varying the rate of feed, as heretofore common in such machinesand as I illustrated, for instance, in the prior patent,

with a plurality of short pistons g, (one .of

which is shown in full and the other in dotted lines,) which enter small upright cylinders 19, formed in the bearing B These several cylinders b communicate with each other by a passage formed in the metal of the bearing. Connected with the said several cylinders is a pipe H, leading to a pressure-gage H.

As far as above described the parts are made in the same manner as shown in the prior patent, No. 462,428, dated November 3, 1891, hereinbefore referred to.

Attached to the pressure-gage H is a recording device, (shown more clearly in Figs. 6, 7, and 8,) the same being mounted as herein shown in acasing consisting of front and rear parts I and I, of which the front part I is secured to the upper part of the casing of the pressure-gage H and the rear part is detachably secured to the pressure-gage casing and the' front part I, so that it may be opened to obtain access to the parts within the casing. Referring to the details of construction in the said recording device, J indicates a strip-actuating cylinder, K a spindle carrying a paper-roll froxnwhich the strip is fed to the cylinder J, and L a spindle on which the strip is rolled after passing from said cylinder. Said spindle L is shown as located above the cylinder J and as driven from the same by means of pulleys j Z, attached to the ends of the cylinder and spindle, and over which is trained a belt L, the pulleys being made of such size as to drive the spindle L at a speed sufficient for taking up the strip as rapidly as it passes from the roll at the time the spindle is empty, the reduced speed in the spindle made necessary when the roll. becomes of increased size by the winding of the strip thereon being provided for by the slipping of the belt on the pulleys. Said spindle L is shown as mounted in brackets L L attached to the rear part I of the casing. The spindle K is loosely mounted in brackets I l on said rear part and is provided at one end with a friction-disk K, against which bears a spring K in order to prevent the spindle from rotating too freely and to thereby hold the strip closely against the surface of the cylinder J. A guide-roller M is shown as mounted at the upper end of the casing and engaging the strip between the cylinder J and the spindle L in order to maintain the paper constantly at the same angle relatively to the cylinder as it approaches the same. Said roller is shown as mounted in brackets on m, attached to the rear part I of the casing.

The cylinder J is actuated from the driving-spindle of the machine by suitable connections therewith and affords the sole means of giving motion to the record-strip, the cylinder being preferably provided with a series of short pins or teeth jj, which penetrate the opposite edges of the strip, and thus i11- sure the movement of the same accurately with the cylinder, this being a construction commonly used in similar devices.

The devices herein shown for driving the cylinder J are made as follows: The said cylinder J is provided at one end with an internal "ear J which is en a ed b the earinh 7 25 3 6 p ion J attached to the inner end of a shaft J which is mounted in a bearing 1 on the side wall of the rear part I of the casing. The shaft J is provided at its outer end with a sprocket-wheel J mounted to turn on the shaft and connected therewith by a ratchet connection adapted to permit the wheel to turn in one direction on the shaft, but to secure the rotation of the shaft with the wheel vwhen the latter is turned in the opposite direction. The ratchet device shown consists of a sleeve J Fig. 8, which is splined to the shaft, so as to move endwise thereon and which is provided at its end adjacent to the pulley J with ratchet-teeth engaging corre-. sponding ratchet-teeth on the hub of the pulley. A coiled spring J which surrounds the sleeve, bears on a shoulder on the outer end of the sleeve and against the outer face of the casing, so that its expansive action tends to keep the teeth on the sleeve in engagementwith those on the pulley. An arm or bracket M is attached to the swivel-head and rises from the same to a point above the upper limit of movement of the top of the driving-spindle, and a sprocket-Wheel M is mounted on said bracket vertically over or in longitudinal alinement (referring to the axis of the driving-spindle) with the sprocketwheel J A chain belt M is trained over the sprocket-wheel J 4 and M, which latter, however, is merely a guide-wheel or idler." M is a sliding head which is guided by engagement with a vertical guide-groove in the bracket M and is provided with a bearing-collar m, which encircles the upper end of the drivingspindle and engages a groove therein, so that the head is carried or moved with the driving-spindle in the vertical movement of the latter. The collar m is formed in part by an integral projection on the head M and'in part by a cap m which is secured to the head by screws or bolts,-as shown. .The head is provided with an arm m which is attached to the chain belt M at a pointbetween the sprocket-wheels M and J and which serves to give movement to said belt at the same speed as that of the driving-spindle, the belt being moved in opposite directions as the spindle is advanced to feed forward the drill- ICC rod or retracted preparatory to another advance movement. The ratchet connection between the sprocket-wheel J and its shaft J is so arranged that the shaft will be turned in the descent or advance movement only of the driving-spindle, the said wheel turning freely backward on the shaft in the return or upward movement of said spindle. It follows from this construction that the record-strip, which is carried or moved forward by the cylinder J, will partake of the forward movement of the drill-rod and will advance always at a speed proportionate to the rate of advance of said drill-rod, it being understood, of course, that the drill-rod is advanced with the driving-spindle at each forward movement of the latter and that after each forward movement the driving-spindle is detached from the drill-rod and then retracted to its rearmost position and again secured to the drill-rod preparatory to another advance movement, as common in drilling-machines of the class herein shown.

- The pressure-gage H may be of any ordinary or preferred construction; but of what- 'ever construction its moving or indicating part is connected with and gives movement to a pencil or stylus N, which is arranged opposite the cylinder J in such manner as to press upon the record-strip passing over the same and is moved in a direction parallel with the axis of the cylinder ortransverse to the record-strip. As herein shown, the pencil N is actuated directly from the index-hand H of the gage, which index-hand in this instance is arranged to oscillate through a relatively short are only. As a means of guiding and supporting the pencil a guide-rod N is secured in the front part I of the casing in front of and parallel with the cylinder J, and on said guide-rod is mounted a sliding or traveling carriage, held in position thereon by three guide-rollers, of which two, a u, are shown as located above the rod and the third one,tt,below the said rod. The carriage is conveniently constructed of a single plate provided with bearing-studs on which the rollers are mounted, said rollers being flanged to hold them in engagement with the guide-rod. The pencil is conveniently held in a socket 10 attached to the upper part of the carriage. Connection between the carriage and the index-hand H of the pressure-gage is formed by means of a stud, which is affixed to the index-hand and passes rearwardly through a slot h in the dial of the gage, said stud being connected at its rearor inner end with the carriage by means of a connecting-rod M, Fig. 9, pivoted to the stud and to a depending arm on the carriage.

In the several figures of the drawings 0 indicates the record-strip, of-which a portion is shown on an enlarged scale in Fig. 5. The strip is here shown as ruled with transverse lines 0, the spaces between which indicate two inches of advance movement of the drawing-spindle, and with longitudinal lines 0',

indicating differences of pressure of fifty pounds per square inch. Commonly the 1ongitudinal lines will be marked at frequent intervals in the manner shown, so that the amount of pressure on the thrust-bearing may be conveniently read.

The dotted line 0 on Fig. 5 illustrates the general character of the line which will be made by the pencil of the recording device on the record-strip, the longitudinal lines representing endwise movement or advance of the drill-rod and the transverse lines indicating difierences of pressure or thrust.

The front part I of the casing is preferably provided with a glass front or panel 1 through which the action of the recordingpencil and the portion of the record-strip adjacent thereto may be observed by the operator. The cylinder J and the paper-rolls being mounted in the removable rear part of the casing and the pencil-actuating devices being arranged in the stationary part thereof, it follows that the rear part may be detached to open the case as necessary for removing or replacing the record-strip without disarrang'ing any of the working parts, except that it is necessary to remove the belt M from the sprocketwheel J before the case can be fully opened. In order to enable the case tobe locked, the stationary part of the same is shown as provided with an apertured lug t" at its upper end, through the aperture of which is inserted a hasp i extending laterally from a lug i on the removable rear part. A padlock I may have its loop inserted through an eye in the hasp to prevent detachment of the parts. The key of such padlock may be held by the person for whom the prospecting is being done, and he may thus keep the record-strip entirely under his own control with advantage hereinloefore pointed out. If a lock be not needed, a pin may be inserted through the hasp t to keep the case closed, or other fastening device may be used for the purpose.

As a further precaution to prevent the working parts of the recording device being tampered with the rear part I of the case may be provided with a tubular extension I Figs. 1, 7, and 8, arranged to surround the shaft J between the sprocket-wheel J and the side wall of the casing, so as to entirely prevent access to the ratchet mechanism on the shaft. If thought necessary, the chain M may be entirely surrounded or inclosed by a casing or housingsuch, for instance, as shown in dotted lines at I in Fig. 1, wherein the same is shown as forming an extension of the front or stationary part I of the casing.

In the operation of the machine the driving-spindle, which is detachably connected with the drill-rod by. the chuck c, is alternately advanced and retracted, carrying the drill-rod with it in its advance and being disconnected from the drill-rod in its backward movement, said driving-spindle thus having a reciprocatory movement and acting to carry or feed forward the drill-rod in its advance movement only. The thrust of the drill-rod is received on the feed-nut D, which latter is held from endwise movement by pressure of its lower flange 01 against the plate G. The thrust or pressure thus coming on said plate is thereby directly transferred to the liquid in the cylinders h, and the liquid acting on the pressure-gage turns or moves the indicator or hand thereof, and thereby transmits motion to the pencil-carriage and pencil. The

. speed of rotation of the drill-rod and the ad- 'vance or feed being constant, the thrust or back pressure of the drill-rod against the nut will vary according to the hardness of the material through which the drill penetrates, and each variation in pressure will be indicated by the lateral movements of the pencil on the record-strip.

It is sometimes necessaryin drilling to withdraw the drill-rod or cutting-tool, so as to lift the cutting-tool away from contact with the rock atthe end of thedrill-hole. This may be necessary at the time the machine is stopped for the addition of a new length of drill-rod in order to prevent the packing of loose ma terial around the drilling-tool at the bot-tom of the hole in a Way to prevent rotation of the same when again started. WVhen the drillrod is lifted in the mannerdescribed, theloose material and detritus will commonly settle at the bottom of the drill-hole, and it is then necessary to advance the drill-head slowly through the accumulated mass, while a full flow of Water through the drill-rod is maintained in order to wash the material from beneath and around the drilling-tool. It may also be necessary to lift or withdraw the drillrod to a slight extent under such circumstances-as, for instance, in adjusting a counterbalance-Weight to the weight of the drill-rodas will be hereinafter explained. Inasmuch as the record-strip will always advance with the driving-spindle, it is obvious that the advance movement of the drill-rod to its workingposition after it has been so retracted will be indicated on the recordstrip in the same manner as its usual advance in cutting is shown, so that the record will show at certain places an advance movement of the drill head which takes place when the drill is idle or is not advancing through the rock. The extent of any such advance of the drill-rod when idle will, however, be clearly indicated on the record-strip, because as soon as the cutting-tool is lifted clear of the rock the thrust is instantly taken from the feed-nut, and the pencil of the recorder will instantly go back to the zero-line and will there remain until the drill-head is again advanced and begins cutting, at which time the thrust coming on the feed-nut will immediately bring the pencil back to its original position if the drill be still working in the same stratum as before the interruption or to such other position as will be called for by the hardness of the rock into which the cutter may enter. at'the time its operation is resumed. In order to avoid possibility of mistake, the operator may keep a memorandum of the points at which the drill is stopped and the drill-rod withdrawn, as described; but this will commonly be unnecessary, as the reCOrdWill speak for itself in this respect by the pencil going back to zero, which will practically never occur otherwise except in such rare instances as the occurrence of a cavity in the rock, and, moreover, the withdrawal of the rod will usually occur only at the time of adding a new length or section, so that the indications of the record of such withdrawal will occur at equal inter vals corresponding to the lengths of the added sections.

As the drill-rod is lengthened by the addition of new sections its weight will obviously become so great as to materially lessen the backward thrust on the feed-nut, and it may become sufficient to give more than enough pressure to accomplish the advance of the drill. Moreover, when the line of drill-rods shall become so heavy as to give more than sufficient pressure for advancing the tool in cutting the pressure on the feed-nut will be entirely downward, so that the latter will act merely to preventor retard the advance of the drill-rod. In such case no pressure will be brought on the pressure-gage of a recording device arranged as heretofore described. It will also be apparent that when the weight of the drill-rod is such as to give a pressure on the rock greater than that necessary for advancing the drill through the same the downward strain or thrust on the feed-nut will be greater'when the stratum being penetrated is of soft material and less when it is of a harder material, thus reversing the conditions which obtain when the weight of the drill-rod is less than that necessary for advancing the cutting-tool.

In order to make provision for securin g an accurate record notwithstanding the gradual increase of the weight of the drill-rod as additional sections are added to the same, the longitudinal lines of the record-strip may be shifted sidewise or variably located in different parts of the strip with reference to the side edges of the strip to compensate for the gradually increasing pressure thereby produced. By so doing any mental process or calculation to correct the record inobserving the results of the Work will be rendered unnecessary. This may be made clearer by noting the fact that when each additional length is added to'the drill-rod the recording device arranged as described will show a horizontal line, indicating a decrease of the pressure applied to the drill-rod for forcing it forward, it being obvious that the addition of, say, one hundred pounds weight to the drill-rod would be equivalent to an increase of pressure-on the drilling-tool to'an extent of one hundred pounds, so that if such additional pressure he produced by added weight on the drillrod the pressure on the thrust-bearing will indicate one hundred pounds less than was indicated before the additional weight was added. It follows from the above that if the zero-line of the record-strip be shifted side-- ,tions the strip thus prepared will make an accurate record notwithstanding the increasing weight of the drill-rod due to the addition of new sections. The same result may of course i be secured without change of the zero-line of the record-strip by making due allowance by mental process or graphically in reading the record-strip for the increasing weight of the drill-rod due to the addition of new sections, the amount of lateral distance which must be allowed when each drill-rod section is added being indicated on the record-strip bya horizontal line, which will be produced each time a new section is added, as hereinbefore stated.

Provision may be made for securing an accurate record of the thrust or pressure after the drill-rod has reached a length so great as to advance by its own weight by the application of a separate recording mechanism arranged to record the varying pressure or thrust due to the weight of the drill-rod on the feed-nut, such weight or thrust, as before'stated, varying with the hardness of the material being penetrated. In the thrustindicating devices illustrated in said prior patents is provided a double thrust-indicator arranged to show the pressure on the feed-nut under both of the conditions above mentioned-namel y, when the feed-nut is forcing forward the drill-rod and also when it is retarding or preventing the advance of the drill-rod. Similarly two recording devices exactly like the one above described may be employed, one to record the varying pressures on the feed-nut when the feed-nut is forcing forward the drill-rod (as in the construction above described) and the other recording the varying pressures when the feed-nut is retarding the advance of a drill-rod so heavy as to be fed forward by its own weight. The two recording devices used in such case may be exactly alike; but it is preferable to make one right-handed and the other left-handed, or, in other words, that the pencil in one should move from left to right and in the other from right to left, and that the record-strips should have their zero-lines one at one edge and the other at the opposite edge of the strip. When so arranged, the record-strips produced may be placed together with their zero-lines coinciding with each other at the adjacent sides of the strips, and in that case the combined records will convey to the eye exactly the conditions under which the drill was working at all times in its descent, positive pressures or those due to the forcingof the drill-rod forward in such cases being indicated at one recordstrip by the departures of the record-line from the zero-mark of that record-strip in one direction, while the negative pressures or those due to the lessening of the downward pressures of the drill-rods against the'feed-nut would be represented by departure of the record-lineiu the opposite direction from the zero-line of the other strip. In the use of two recording devices thus arranged it is obvious that when the drill-rod is of such length that its weight will give about the pressure required for penetrating material of medium hardness downward pressure or thrust must be applied to force the drill-rod forward in harder material, while retarding pressure must be applied to prevent the too-rapid advance of the drill-rod in softer material. In using two recording devices at such times (namely, when the drill-rod is passing alternately through strata so hard as to require pressure to force it forward and so soft as to require retarding pressure to prevent its too .rapid advance) the record-line will appear alternately on the strips of the two recording devices, one strip showing only pressure applied to force the drill forward and the other strip showing only the varying thrust of the drillrod on the feed-nut, or, in other words, the varying pressure required to retard the advance of the feed-nut. The two record-strips so made (one right-handed and the other lefthanded) will, however, when placed together with their zero-lines coinciding represent graphically but perfectly the action of the drill-rod at all times in its advance.

As a further improvement and as a means of simplifying the operation of the recording devices and the reading of the record it is proposed to employ a variable counterbalanceweight or other counterbalancing means for the drill-rod, so arranged as to practically sustain the weight of the drill-rod at all times, notwithstanding its varying gravity. By the use of such counterbalance-weight or an equivalent counterbalancing weight of the drill-rod as a factor in the operation of the thrust-recorder can be eliminated, thereby making the operation of the same uniform and the record the same in drilling to any depth or with any length of rod. One form of such counterbalance device is shown in Figs. 10,11, 12, and 13, the same being illustrated in connection with the machine illustrated in Figs. 1 to 9. As shown in said Fig. 10, the parts of the drilling apparatus are made in the same manner as hereinbefore described. The drill-rod 0, as heretofore customary, passes through the tubular driving-spindle at the point above the same, and at its upper end is connected with a water-supply pipe by a water-swivel in the usual manner.

P indicates a counterbalance-weight that is attached to a rope P, passing over a pulley P and connected by means of a combined swivel-joint, water-joint, and gimbal-joint device the (indicated as a whole by Q) with the upper clined track-rails 10', attached to the derrick.

Suitable cross-bars, attached at their ends to the derrick, as herein shown, are employed to sustain the said rails.

The receptacle constituting the counterbalance-weight is herein shown as provided at one side with a water-tank Pflwith which is connected a flexible pipe or hose P which latter is connected with a suitable supplypipe at the ground and provided with a stopcock accessible to the operator. In the use of the counterbalancing device thus made a smaller or larger quantity of heavy material is placed in the main receptacle to counter-- balance the main part of the weight of the drill-rod, and water is then admitted to the water-tank in sufficient quantities to accurately adjust the gravity of the counterbalance-weight to that of the drill-rod.

The joint Q, which connects the counterbalance-rope with the drill-rod, is guided in its movement and held from turning with the rod by means of stationary guide-bars P P which are secured to the derrick and which are engaged by guide-arms Q Q, extending outwardly from the said joint. Said guidebars may be attached to the derrick in the manner shown or otherwise supported, as found convenient or desirable.

(1 indicates a flexible waper pipe or hose which communicates with the upper end of the drill-rod and is connected with a steampump or other source or means for supplying -water under pressure in the usual manner,

the water-supply of said hose being carried through the cutting-head, where it acts as a lubricant and to carry upwardly to the surface fragments or detritus removed by the cutters, as heretofore common.

To now describe the parts immediately composing the joint Q, these parts (shown more clearly in the detail views, Figs. 11, 12, and 13) are made as follows: Q is a metal ring or shell, which is provided with opposite radial outwardly-extending journals or trunnions q q and having at its upper edge at right angles to said trunnions oppositely-arranged radially-bearing recesses q g. Q indicates the U-shaped metal stirrup or bail, the lower ends of which are provided with eyes g g which engage the trunnions q 1 At its upper or middle part the bail Q is attached to the counterbalance rope P, a hook f, attached to the rope, being employed as a means of connecting the parts to permit of their detachment. The arms Q Q, which engage the guide bars P P, Fig. 10, are conveniently secured to the shell Q by attachment to the trunnions q g, which latter are herein shown as provided with screw-threaded holes to receive the screw-threaded ends of the said arms, which latter are provided with jam-nuts g g to prevent them from being turned or shift-ed. Q is a second metal ring orshell similar to the shell Q and located inside of the latter. Said shell Q is providedwith oppositetrunnions g, which rest within the bearing-recesses q q of the shell Q Within said shell Q is located a tube or sleeve Q which fits closely within the said shell and is adapted to turn therein, the shell being babbitted, as shown, to afford a bearing for the sleeve. At a point below the shell Q the sleeve is provided with a flange q in bearing against the lower edge of the shell. Above said shell Q and resting thereon is a bearing-ring Q", Which closely encircles the sleeve Q and is provided with a conical top surface. Surrounding said sleeve above-the ring Q is another similar ring Q having a conical lower surface, and between the rings Q and Q are located a series of antifriction-rollers (1 A nut Q placed upon the screwthreaded part of the sleeve Q above the ring Q forms a collar or shoulder against which the said ring bears, while a second or jam nut Q placed on the sleeve in contact with the nut Q holds the latter from possibility of shifting its position. A ring Q placed around the rollers g g g and resting on the bearing-ring Q serves to hold said rollers from displacement outwardly.

O is a tube placed within the sleeve Q and extending downwardly to a point near the lower end of the same. In the top of the sleeve Q is formed a recess g within which is located a flange c on the tube 0 recess g over the flange c is placed a packing or stuffing 0 held in place by a cap G having a screw-threaded engagement with the Walls of the recess and through which the tube 0 passes in the manner of an ordinary gland or stuffing-box. The water pipe or hose 0 is connected with the top of the tube 0 by means of an elbow O and a short piece of pipe 0 At its lower end the sleeve Q is attached to the upper end of the drill-rod O, the attaching device shown consisting of a screw-threaded projection on the tube entering the drillrod and a clamp or chuck (J consisting of a two-part collar held together by bolts 0 0 and provided in its lower part with serrated inner surfaces to engage the top of the drillrod and at its upper part, which overlaps the sleeve Q with an inwardly-projectingflange c engaging a groove g in said sleeve Q. A feather is preferably formed or secured in said groove g so as to engage aslot or recess in the parts of the clamp O to hold the said In said collar from turning on the sleeve Q Said clamp serves to hold the drill-rod from unscrewing from the sleeve.

In the operation of the parts above described the sleeve Q turns with the drill-rod as the latter is revolved, while the tube is held from turning by its connection with the water-hose, the packed joint between the said tube and the sleeve allowing the latter to revolve about the tube without allowing the escape of water. The counterbalance-weight being arranged to take the weight of the drillrod from the drilling mechanism by which the same is turned and advanced, the principal part or all of the weight of said rod is sustained by the shells Q and Q to the top of which latter shell the weight of the rod is transmitted by the sleeve Q and the shoulder or collar thereof formed by the nut Q The rings Q and Q and the antifrictionrollers interposed between said collar or shoulder and the shell Q serve to reduce the friction between the surfaces in bearing at this point, which would be very great in theabsence of the antifriction-rollers when the drillrod is of considerable length, as when boring deep wells. It is of course obvious that a series of balls may be substituted for the conical rollers shown.

The purpose of the gimbal-joint formed by the shells Q Q is to enable the drill-rod to remain or maintain itself accurately in alinement with the driving-spindle without any cramping or binding of the parts of the water-swivel notwithstanding the counterbab ance-rope may not be exactly in alinement with said drill-rod and may therefore tend to draw or pull laterally on the part of the water-swivel to which the rope is attached. This may be better understood from consideration of the fact that the pulley over which the counterbalance-rope passes may not in all cases be exactly in alinement with the drillspindle of the machine, in which case the tension of the rope exerted angularly upon the outer or non-rotating part of the water-swivel would tend to throw the same into an angular position relatively to the drill-rod, and thus bring considerable strain on the bearings of the swivel, tending to create friction and prevent their free rotation. \Vhen the gimbal-joint is present, however, the bearingsnrfaces of the swivel will be unaffected by the tension of the rope, and the inner part or swivel Q will retain its natural and easy bearing contact with the inner tubular part of the swivel which is directly attached to the drill-rod. In the operation of the apparatus thus arranged after the drill-rod has been fed forward so far as to need addition of a new length the latter is applied and the feed devices then run backward until the cutting-drill and connecting parts will be carried entirely by the feed devices. At this time the index-hand of the pressure-gage forming part of the recording device will indicate the pressure coming on the feed-nut by reason of the weight of the drill-rod, and if additional weight be applied to the counterbalance suflicient to carry the hand of the pressure-gage back to zero the drill-rod will then be accurately counterbalanced, so that when the cutting-tool is again brought into contact with the rock and the feed devices started the thrust required for forcing for- Ward the cutting-tool will be equal to the resistance of the material being penetrated, or, in other words, to the power required for advancing the drill without regard to the weight of the drill-rod itself.

It will of course be understood that when the drill-rod is lifted for the purpose of adjusting the counterbalance to its exact weight, as before described, the recordingpencil will immediately go back to zero and there remain a distance corresponding with the distance through which the drill-rod is advanced before the cutting-tool is again brought into contact with the rock and resumes its operation.

In Fig. 14 the present invention is shown applied to a drilling-machine having a hydraulic feed or one in which the feed of the drill-rod is accomplished and its advance regulated by means of water-pressure acting on apiston connected with the drill-rod. A

drilling-machine of this kind is shown in prior patent, No. 464,182, dated December 1, 1891. In this instance, A indicates the engine-frame,and A the main crank-shaft, having a beveled gear-Wheel A 0 is the drivingspindle, which passes through and is splined to a sleeve 0 mounted in a hearing A on the frame and provided with a beveled pinion C by which the sleeve and spindle are driven from the wheel A. The driving-spindle G is tubular for the passage of the drill-rod and provided with a chuck c at its lower end. B R are upright feed-cylinders, provided with piston R and piston-rods R which latter are attached to a cross-head R and have at their center a thrust-bearing rod Rflengaged with the spindle 0 S is a pressurecy1inder, which is connected with the opposite ends of the feed-cylinders by means of pipes or hose ss. Said cylinder S contains a piston S, attached to a piston-rod S which rises through the top head of the cylinder and is attached to a cross-head S S is a revolving feed-nut which engagesa screw-threaded end of the piston-rod above the cross-head and is held from endwise movement by means of a crosshead S attached to standards S S, which form guides for the cross-head S to said nut is a worm-wheel s intermeshing with a worm s on a longitudinal shaft S The shaft S carries a pinion 3 which intermeshes with a gear-wheel s on a longitudinal shaft 8*. Said shaft S carries a sprocketwheel 8, over which is trained a chain belt 8 which receives its motion from a sprocket- Wheel on the shaft A of the drilling-machine. In the operation of this device both feedeylinders and the pressure-cylinder are filled Attached with water, and the movement of the piston S in either direction will produce a corresponding movement of the feed-pistons and of the driving-spindle. Advance of the said piston S the length of its stroke in one direction carries the spindle a distance equal to the stroke of the feed-pistons, and after the spindle has been thus advanced it is retracted by the backward movement of the piston S produced by reversal of the engine. It follows that the water-within the feed-cylinders behind the pistons therein is constantly subject to the back pressure or thrust ofthe drill-rod in drilling. a recording apparatus is employed in all re spects similar to that hereinbefore described, the pressure-gage being indicated by H and the case containing the record-strip-actu'ating devices by I, as in the other figures of the drawings. In this. instance the shaft J by which the strip actuating cylinder is driven, is provided with a pulley J over which and a similar pulley J mounted on the lower part of the machine-frame,is trained the pipe 8 to the cross-pipe T a round belt J shown as carried twice around the pulley J to prevent slipping. The pulley J is connected with the shaft by a pawl-and-ratchet connection, as hereinbefore described. In thisinstance connection is made between the feeding device and the strip-actuating mechanism by means of an arm 0 on the cross-head R which arm is attached to the belt J and serves to give movement to said belt at the same speed at which the cross-head is moved.

The recording device in an apparatus of the kind last described may be adapted for connection with either end of the feed-cylinders at will, so that it may be used for recording pressure due either to forcing forward the drill-rod or that due to holding back or restraining it in case its weight be so great as to itself carry the drill-rod forward. It is preferred, however, to connect the recording device with the upper end of the cylinders only, employing for this purpose a pipe 0", which connects the feed-cylinders at their upper ends, and a pipe r leading from the pipe 4" to the pressure-gage. In the instance illustrated the pipe 8, leading from the pressurecylinder, is connected with the pipe r while the pipe 5 is connected with the lower ends of the pressure-cylinders through the medium of a cross-pipe r connecting the lower ends of the cylinders, and a pipe 4", leading from In connection with a recording device thus connected with the upper ends of the cylinders only a counterbalancing device is shown adapted to perform the same function as the counterbalance-weight hereinbeforedescribed, but embracing instead of said counterbalance-weight means for variably restricting the flow of the water from under the piston of the feed-cylinders to the pressure-cylinder during the descent of the drill-rods, so that the resistance to the descent of the drill-rods equiva- In this instance lent to the weight thereof will be offered to the movement of the same notwithstanding the varying weight thereof as the rod is lengthened. Said restricting means,a s shown in the drawings, consists of a regulatingvalve S located in the pipes, so as to control the passage of the water from the lower end of the feed-cylinder to that end of the pressure-cylinder which is in communication therewith. Said valve S has the general form of a safety-valve adapted to open toward the pressure-cylinder, and it is provided with a weighted lever 8 carrying a weight 8 by which the pressure may be varied, as

desired. The weight on the valve willbe such as to prevent the same from opening under any less pressure of water than that present in the lower end of the feed-cylinders and which is due to the weight of the drill-rods. This can be easily determined in practice in the following manner: The feed devices may be run back until the cutting-tool is free from contact with the rock, at which time the weight of the drill-rods will be solely on the pistons of the feed-cylinders. If then. the weight be moved on the lever of the valve to a point where the pressure is just sufficient to overcome the weight on the valve and open the same, the rods will be counterbalanced. The weight will be moved outwardly upon the arm a short distance, so as to require a slight excess pressure-say five pounds-over the counterbalancing pressure to open the valve, so that the latter will not open until the counterbalancingpressure is slightly exceeded. If now the cutting-tool be advanced against the rock, the pressure required to carry it forward will be that necessary to do the cutting plus the slight additional pressure required for opening the valve, the downward pressure due to the weight of the rods being in such case counterbalanced by the pressure required to maintain the valve open when lifted from its seat. In order to prevent any unduly quick or rapid movement of the drillrod or to prevent the same from plunging forward in soft strata at the time the pressure is relieved by the opening of the regulatingvalve, it is proposed to make the valve or passage leading thereto relatively small, so that movement of the drill-rod will be checked or limited by reason of the time required for the ing constant, by reason of the connection of the actuating devices of the pressure-cylinder with the actuating devices that give rotary motion to the drill-rod, the pressure within the feed-cylinders above the pistons necessary to advance the cutting-tool through the rock will vary according to the hardness of the stratum being penetrated. Such variations in pressure will obviously be recorded through the medium of the pressure-gage, which is in communication with the upper ends of the said feed-cylinders in the same manner as in the form of recording device first above described.

In Figs. 15 and 16 the invention is shown applied to a rock-drill of that form having a hydraulic feed and in which only a single feed-cylinder is used, through which the driving-spindle and drill-rod axially pass. In this instance, T indicates the machine-frame, and T a swivel-head thereon. U indicates the drill-rod, and U the driving-spindle,which latter is rotated by means of a sleeve U mounted in a bearing T on the frame and connected with the spindle by a spline on the sleeve engaging a groove in the spindle. The

sleeve is provided with a beveled gear U which is driven by a beveled gear-wheel on the main shaft, as heretofore common. Attached to the swivel-head, above the same, is a feed-cylinder V, through which pass the drill-rod and driving-spindle. Surrounding the latter is a tubular piston-rod V, provided with a piston V and extending out of the cylinder at both ends of the latter through stuffing-boxes in the cylinder-heads. Connected with the upper ends of the piston-rod and spindle is a thrust-bearing V by which the thrust of the piston-rod is transmitted to the driving-spindle, said bearing embracing bearing-rings 'LL 1;, attached to the spindle U and piston-rod V, respectively, and intermediate conical antifriction-rollers it. Pipes 0) and '0 are connected with the upper and lower ends, respectively, of the cylinderV, and said pipes are connected one, o, to the lower and another, o to the upper end of the pressurecylinder, such as is shown in Fig. 14. The recording device shown in this instance embraces parts made in the same manner as shown in Figs. 1 to fl and similarly lettered in the drawings, the pressure-gage in this case being connected with the pipe oby a branch pipe 11 The chain belt M in this instance passes over a pulley M,which is mounted at the upper end of a bracket V rising from the cylinder V, and motion is transmitted to said belt by means of an arm V, attached to the thrust-bearing V The devices illustrated in Figs. 15 and 16 operate in the same manner as that shown in Fig. 14, the single cylinder illustrated in Figs. 15 and 16 operating to advance and retract the reciprocating parts of the machine, includin g the driving-spindle, so as to carry the drill-rod forward or advance the same to its work intermittingly or periodically, as heretofore common in such apparatus. A device of this kind will preferably be provided with a regulating-valve to check the flow of water from the lower end of the feed-cylinder to the 'pressure-cylinder, and thereby counterbalance the drill-rod in the same manner as in the construction illustrated in Fig. 14.

It will be observed in connection with all of the forms of recording mechanism shown that the record-strip-actuating mechanism has operative connection with the drill-feeding device in such manner that the recordstrip partakes of the advance movement of the drill-rod, and also that the pencil-actuating mechanism has operative connection with a movable part (in Figs. 1 to 9 of the drawings the plate G and in Figs. 14, 15, and 16 the pistons) and which is constantly subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, such operative connection being conveniently formed by a body of liquid confined in an inclosure and on which said moving part acts and which in turn operates a pressure-gage, from the moving part of which the recording-pencil is given motion.

While in all cases illustrated there have been shown a confined body of liquid and a pressure-gage as a means of transmittin g motion from the part which is subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod to the pencil of the recording device, yet it is obvious that a recording apparatus may be employed in which actuating mechanism between such moving part-as, for instance, the plate G in Figs. 1 to 9-and the recording-pencil shall be solely of a mechanical nature. In carrying out the broader features of the invention, therefore, an actuating connection between the recording-pencil and the moving or yieldingpart subject to the thrust of the drill-rod may be provided otherwise than through the medium of a confined body of liquid. The use of such a confined body of liquid and a pressure-gage has, however, a great advantage in point of simplicity, both of construction and opera tion. It is to be noted, for instance, that while the plate G of Figs. 1 to 9 is movable .relatively to the bearing B and is adapted to yield upwardly toward said bearing according to the varying pressure or thrust of the drill-rod, yet said movement or yielding is exceedingly minute, its extent being only such as is due to the greater or less quantity of liquid which finds its entrance into the pressure-gage in operating or moving the movable part of the same. In the use of the gressuregage of the common type having a flattened curved tube the amount of water which actually enters the tube to give a maximum movement to the latter is very small, perhaps not more than a drop or two, and it follows that while the plate G is, in fact, yielding and movable yet its movement is exceedingly small and not sufficient to have any effect on the motion of the cutting-tool. Any objectionable end wise movement or plunging forward of the drill-rod, such as might take place under varying resistance to the advance of the cutting-tool if the plate G were required to yield to a suitable extent for effectrock on which they are cutting would result in great injury to or destruction of the diamond.

A drilling apparatus may, if desired, be provided with a double or duplicate recording mechanism, such as is herein shown, in order to provide against accidental disarrangem ent of one of the recording devices and to give a duplicate record which may be compared for the purpose of insuring against error in the result.

What is claimed is 1. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a drill-rod, of a thrust-recording mechanism comprising a record-strip-actuatin g device operated by the drill-feeding mechanism, and a pencil-actuating device, which has operative connection with a movable part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, substantially as described.

2. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a drill-rod, of a thrust -recording mechanism comprising a record-strip-actuating device operated by the drill-feeding mechanism, and a pencil-actuating mechanism embracing an inclosure for liquid provided with a movable part or wall subject to the end thrustof the drill-rod, and a pressure-gage connected with said inclosure, substantially as described.

3. The combination with means for rotatthrust-recording mechanism, comprising a record-strip-actuating device operated by the drill-feeding mechanism, and a pencil-actuating mechanism embracing a cylinder, a piston therein which is subject to the end thrust of the dri1lrod, and a pressuregage connected with the said cylinder, substantially as described.

4. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a drill-rod, of a thrust-recording mechanism, comprising a record-strip-actuating device operated by the drill-feeding mechanism, and a pencil-actuating mechanism embracing an inclosure for liquid provided with a movable part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, a pressuregage, a movable carriage for the pencil, and a connection between the movable part of the pressure-gage and said carriage, substantially as described.

5. The combination, with means for rotating and feeding forward a drill-rod, embracing a reciprocating part which is detachably engaged with the drill-rod to carry the same forward, of a thrust-recording mechanism comprising a record-strip-actuating device, connected with and operated by the said reciprocating part, and a pencil-actuating mechanism which has operative connection with a part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with means for rotatingand feeding forward a drill-rod, embracing a reciprocating part, which is detachably engaged with the drill-rod to advance the same, of a record-strip-actuating device, con nections between the same and a part which moves endwise with the said reciprocating part embracing two pulleys and a belt passing over the same, and pencil-actuatin g mechanism which has operative connection with a part subject to the end thrust of the drillrod, substantially as described.

'7. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a drill-rod embracing a reciprocating part, which is detachably engaged with the drill-rod to advance the same, of a reoord-strip-actuating device, comprising an actuating-cylinder over which the record-strip passes, and gearing connecting the said cylinder with said reciprocating part, and pencil-actuating mechanism which has operative connection with a part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, substantially as described.

8. The combination, with means for rotat ing and feeding forward a drill-rod, embracing a reciprocating part, which is detachably engaged with the drill-rod to advance the same, of a record-strip-actuating device operated by said reciprocating part, and embracin g a ratchet connection by which the recordstrip is moved in the advance of said reciprocating part only, and a pencil-actuating mechanism which has operative connection with a part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, substantially as described.

9. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a drill-rod embracing a reciprocating part, which is detachably engaged with the drill -rod to advance the same, of a record-strip-actuating device, embracing two pulleys, and a belt which passes over the same and is connected with said reciprocating part bya ratchet connection and pencil actuating mechanism which has operative connection with a part subject to the end thrust of the.drill-rod, substantially as described.

10. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a drill-rod embracing a reciprocating part which is detachably engaged with the drill-rod to advance the ICC IIC

same, of a record-strip-actuating device emably engaged with the drill-rod to advance.

the same, of record-strip-actuating mechanism which is connected with andv actuated by said reciprocating part, and pencil-actuating mechanism embracing an inclosure for liq uid provided with a movable part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod and a pressuregage connected with said inclosure, substantially as described.

12. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a. drill-rod embracing a reciprocating part which is detachably engaged with the drill-rod to advance the same, of record-strip-actuating mechanism which is connected with said reciprocating part through the medium of a pawl-andratchet connection, and pencil actuating mechanism, embracing an inolosure for liquid provided with a movable part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod and a pressuregage connected with said inclosure, substantially as described.

13. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a drill-rod, embracing a reciprocating part which is detachably engaged with the drill-rod to advance the same, of record-strip-actuating mechanism connected with said reciprocating part through the medium of a pawl-and-ratchet connection and pencil-actuating mechanism embracing an inclosure for liquid provided with a movable part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, a pressure-gage, a movable support for the pencil, and connections between the moving part of the gage and the pencil-support, substantially as described.

M. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a drillrod, of a record-strip-actuating device operated by the feeding mechanism, a pencil-actuating mechanism which has operative connection with a movable part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, and a counterbalance for the drillrod, substantially as described.

15. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a drill-rod, of a record-strip-actuating device operated by the feeding mechanism, a pencil-actuating mechanism which has operative connection with a movable part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, a counterbalancing-weight, a rope connecting the same with a drill-rod or casin g-tube, and a swivel-joint between the rope and the drill-rod or casing-tube, substantially as described.

16. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a drill-rod, of a record-strip-actuating device operated by the feeding mechanism, a pencil-actuating mechanism which has operative connection with a movable part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, a counterbalancing-weight, a rope, and means connecting the same with the drillrod comprising a swivel-joint and a gimbal or universal joint, substantially as described.

17. The combination with means for rotating andfeeding forward a drill-rod, of a record-strip-actuating device operated by the feeding mechanism, a pencil-actuating mechanism which has operative connection with a movable part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, a counterbalancing-wcight, a rope connecting the same with the drill rod, a

swivel-joint connecting the rope with the drillrod, and stationary guides engaging the nonrotating part of the swivel-joint, to hold the same from turning,substantially as described.

18. The combination with means for rotatin g and feeding forward a drill-rod, of a record-strip-actuating device operated by the feeding mechanism, a pencil-actuating mechanism which has operative connection with a movable part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, a counterbalance-rope, a swiveljoint, connecting the rope with the drill-rod said swivel-joint being provided with antifriction rollers or balls, between the opposing surfaces of its relatively-movable parts, substantially as described.

- 19. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a drill-rod, of a record-strip-actuating device operated by the feeding mechanism, a pencil-actuating mechanism which has operative connection with the movable part, subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, a counterbalance-weight, a rope connecting the same with the drill-rod, a swivel-joint connecting the rope with the drill-rod and a water hose or pipe communieating wit-h the drill-rod through the swiveljoint, substantially as described.

20. The combination with means for rotating and feeding forward a drill-rod, of a record-strip-actuating device operated by the feeding mechanism, a pencil-actuating mechanism which has operative connection with the movable part subject to the end thrust of the drill-rod, a counterbalance-weight, a rope attached to the weight, a swivel-joint connected with the rope and having an interior revolving part or sleeve attached to the drillrod, a non-rotating tube having a water-tight joint with the said sleeve and a water pipe or hose connected with the said tube, substantially as described.

21. The combination with a drill-rod,a drilling-machine for actuating the same and a counterbalance-rope, of a sleeve attached to the drill-rod,-a shell surrounding the same provided with trunnions, a second external shell engaged with the said trunnions, and also provided with trunnions, and a bail or stirrup attached to the rope and engaged with the trunnions of the outer shell, substantially as described.

22. A combined swivel, water and gimbal joint for drill-rods, comprising a sleeve attached to the drill-rod, a shell surrounding the sleeve and provided with trunnions, a second external shell having bearing-recess for said trunnions, and also provided with trunnions, a bail engaged at its ends with the trunnions of the outer shell, a water-tube inserted within the said sleeve, and a gland or packing to make a tight joint between the sleeve and water-tube, substantially as described.

23. Acombined swivel and gimbal joint for a drill-rod, comprising a sleeve attached to the drilLrod, a shell surrounding said sleeve ICC

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