US638768A

US638768A - Incandescent burner.

Info

Publication number: US638768A
Application number: US64784397A
Authority: US
Inventors: Walter J Smart
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1897-08-11
Filing date: 1897-08-11
Publication date: 1899-12-12
Anticipated expiration: 1916-12-12

Description

No. 638,768. Patented Dec. l2, I899. W. J. SMART.

INCANDESCENT BURNER.

(Application filed Aug. 11, 1897.) (No Model.)

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\VALTER J. SMART, OF SOUTH ORANGE, NEXV JERSEY.

INCANDESCENT BURNER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 638,768, dated December 12, 1899.

Application filed August 11, 1897. Serial No. 647,843. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, WALTER J. SMART, of South Orange, New Jersey, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Incandescent Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This improvement appertains to that class of burners in which a burning mixture of air and combustible vapor or gas is utilized for heating to incandescence a so-called mantle of non-combustible material for luminiferous purposes, or, if the mantle is dispensed with, as a source of heat. Burners of this sort have been made adapted to "aporize and use a liquid hydrocarbon, as well as others in which gas is the combustible, among which latter may be instanced the Welsbach burner.- In burners of the former class the hydrocarbon is commonly fed to the burner by gravity or by an initial artificial pressure or by capillary attraction. A preliminary heating of the vaporizing chamber or tubes must, however, be efiected to secure the initial vaporization of the hydrcarbon and the establishment of the flame, the preliminary heating being attained by a small temporary hydrocarbon flame directed against the vaporizer.

The present improvement is directed to the cheap and economical construction of an incandescent burner and its fittings, and a burner, furthermore, which is adapted to burn either a vaporized hydrocabon or gas or a mixture of both. It is designed also in the use of the device that the preliminary heating of the vaporizer may be elfected either by a gas-flame or by a temporary flame fed by alcohol or by'other hydrocarbon.

It is highly essential to the satisfactory use of a hydrocarbon with a mantle that vaporization, previous to ad mixture with air, should be thorough and complete; otherwise the mantle is blackened and the luminosity decreased. The location of the chamber through which the hydrcarbon passes and in which its vaporization is effected should for this reason be in the most highly heated region of the lamp, where a maximum of'heat is available and can be utilized in vaporization. To this end the hydrocarbon in the present burner is caused to flow for a considerable distance through the highly-heated region within the mantle, adding not only to the effectiveness ment being subsequently distinguished inclaims.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is mainly a vertical section of such a burner. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on the line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on the line 3 3, Fig. 1.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all the figures.

Extending laterally from the body A of the burner is a pipe A, the lower end of which is threaded or otherwise suitably formed to couple the burner to a valve-controlled gasoutlet. The passage through this pipe opens out into a hollow body A through an aperture a, delivering the gas upwardly. The pipe or conduit for leading the hydrcarbon to the burner is shown at B communicating with a passage in a piece hon the body A. The passage in this piece is controlled by a valve B.

The hydrocarbon is fed through the pipe or conduit 13 in any desired manner, either by its own weight or under the influence of compressed air, and passes through the piece 7) into the vaporizer O. This vaporizer or chamber inwhich vaporization is efiected here comprises an ascending limb cand a descending limb c, coupled at their upper ends by an apertured block 0 placing the two limbs in communication. A post D is erected from the block 0 and serves for the support of the usual mantle B, designed when incandescent to be the source of illumination.

It will be noticed that the majorportion of the vaporizer G is located in the highly-heated region inclosed by the mantle, a region of high temperative, and consequently Well adapted to secure the effective vaporization of the hydrocarbon. At its lower extremity the limb c is bent upwardly and provided with a vapor-orifice d. Means have also been represented for throttling or regulating the size of this orifice and for facilitating the cleaning of the same should it become accidentally obstructed. A tapering rod cl passes upwardly through the lower portion of the body A in line with the orifice cl, into which it may be protruded or from which it may be withdrawn. Preferably its connection with the body of the burner will embrace a stuffing-box 61 E represents openings in the shell of the body A for the inflow of air to form a combustible mixture with the vapor or gas issuing from their respective orifices.

In some cases it may not be convenient to use gas or the same may not be accessible for the preliminary heating of the vaporizer, or, again, it may be desirable to use the burner in a portable lamp. Under these circumstances a preliminary heating-flame is formed from burning alcohol or other hydrocarbon, with which a mass of wicking or other absorbent material F is impregnated. This material is held in an annular cup or receptacle f, encircling a cylindrical shell f, at the upper end of the body A of the burner and preferably removable therefrom. From the outer edge of this cup there projects inwardly a cover-plate f which is arranged at a distance above the inner edge of the cup sufficient to leave a circular space for the ignition of the alcohol, 850. The inner edge of this cover is carried upward in the form of a lip f affording means for steadying the base of the mantle D. The cover-plate is provided with a small opening f for the introduction of the combustible and a match or other igniting means. The means that 1 prefer to use is the so-called match-gun, a frictional device in which an ordinary match may be inserted and which may be readily actuated in any position in which the match may be placed. This being thrust into the opening f and operated establishes the flame within the cover f G is a plate provided with a number of perforations or openings and located at the upper end of the shell f. It serves not only to secure a more intimate mixture of the ingredients of the inflammable mixture, but also to maintain the flame above it in proper relation to the mantle.

It is evident that the device as thus constructed is adapted to the use of hydrocarbon vapor, or gas alone, mixed with air, or to the use of a mixture of hydrocarbon vapor and gas, with air. This latter form of combustible it may on certain occasions be desirable to use-as, for instance, when the gas is of poor quality and the hydrocarbon accessible for the purpose of increasing the calorific power of the mixture and enhancing the incandescence of the mantle. Such a construction and arrangement of parts as will permit of this mode of operation I deem to be novel and constitute a feature of this invention.

Having described my invention, what I consider as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In an incandescent burner, the combination of a mantle, a burner-body, means for body having common openings for the inflow of air for admixture with both the vaporized hydrocarbon and the gas entering through said gas=outlet, previous to ignition, substantially as specified.

2. In an incandescent burner, the combination of a mantle, a burner-body, means for attaching the burner-body to a gas-outlet, a vaporizer comprising independent ascending and descending limbs located side by side exteriorly of each other within the space in closed by the mantle, adjustable means for throttling the vapor as it issues through the vapor-orifice, and a pipe or conduit for delivering a hydrocarbon to the vaporizer, the burner-body having common openings for the inflow of air for admixture with both the Vaporized hydrocarbon and thegas entering through said gas-outlet, previous to ignition, substantially as specified.

3. In an incandescent burner, the combination of a burner-body, a cylindrical shell at the upper portion of the body, a perforated plate extending across the shell, and a receptacle encircling the shell for holding an absorbent material, substantially as specified.

4. In an incandescent burner, the combination of a burner-body, a cylindrical shell at the upper portion of the body, a perforated plate extending across the shell, and a re ceptacle for absorbent material encircling the shell, open to the space within the latter but having its upper end closed exterior to the shell, substantially as specified.

5. In an incandescent burner the combination of a burner-body, a cylindrical shell at the upper portion of the body, a perforated plate extending across the shell, and a removable receptacle for absorbent material encircling the shell, open to the space within the latter but having its upper end closed exterior to the shell, substantially as specified. I

6. In an incandescent burner, the combination of a mantle, a vaporizer, a receptacle below the mantle from which a flame is fed for a preliminary heating of the vaporizer, and a cover for the outer peripheral portion of the receptacle having an opening, whereby the flame from the receptacle is confined to the space within the mantle, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WALTER J. SMART.

\Vitnesses:

WALDRON WILLIAMS, F. L. HAGEN.