US6338169B1 - Floating cover for large liquid reservoir - Google Patents
Floating cover for large liquid reservoir Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US6338169B1 US6338169B1 US09/690,716 US69071600A US6338169B1 US 6338169 B1 US6338169 B1 US 6338169B1 US 69071600 A US69071600 A US 69071600A US 6338169 B1 US6338169 B1 US 6338169B1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- impermeable membrane
- combination
- floating
- weight lines
- array
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003916 acid precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000012206 bottled water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100001261 hazardous Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
- E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
- E04H4/06—Safety devices; Coverings for baths
- E04H4/10—Coverings of flexible material
- E04H4/106—Coverings of flexible material supported by separate buoyant bodies
Definitions
- This invention pertains to flexible floating covers for covering large liquid reservoirs, and particularly it relates to a floating cover which is anchored to the perimeter walls of a reservoir and which rises and falls with the liquid level inside the reservoir.
- Floating covers are mounted over settling ponds and clarifiers to contain and collect fermentation gases of mill effluent for example. Floating covers are also mounted over water reservoirs to prevent contamination of potable water from acid rain, pollen, leaves, dust, insects, bird droppings, the effect of sunlight and from the activities of other animals.
- a common method in the prior art for supporting a floating cover over a reservoir consists of bonding float blocks to the underside of the impermeable membrane, or positioning float blocks inside pockets formed in the membrane. This method has had limited success in the past because the float blocks and pockets cause obstructions which catch the liquid movement under the cover and apply tearing stresses along the surface of the cover. Where the cover is installed over a clarifier or a pond and scum tends to form at the surface of the pond, the wind-induced movement in the liquid of the pond and associated scum movement under the cover generate forces that can rip a float block or a pocket away, and tear the strongest impermeable membrane.
- a floating cover for liquid reservoir wherein the structure of the cover is particularly flexible to follow the movement of the liquid inside the reservoir without generating excessive tangential stress in the water-impermeable membrane of the cover. Specific segments of the cover become quickly submersed during a rainstorm to keep the cover membrane taut and to limit the formation of randomly spaced puddles that can deform the cover and create stresses in the cover membrane.
- a liquid reservoir having a floating cover mounted thereon.
- the floating cover has a floating grid anchored to the perimeter walls of the reservoir.
- the floating grid floats over the liquid inside the reservoir.
- the floating grid comprises a keel member and an array of buoyant beams affixed to the keel member and extending away from the keel member.
- a water-impermeable membrane is affixed to the perimeter wall and is loosely laid over the floating grid.
- weight lines anchored to the perimeter walls and loosely laid over the impermeable membrane. Each of the weight lines is laid at about halfway between an adjacent pair of the buoyant beams.
- the primary advantage of this structure is that the floating grid, the impermeable membrane and the array of weight lines constitute three separate layers that are loosely laid over each other. These three separate layers are therefore free to slide upon each other and flex to follow the movement of the liquid inside the reservoir without generating any destructive tangential stress in the impermeable membrane.
- the buoyant beams and the weight lines are flexible longitudinally whereby a relative movement of the impermeable membrane between the floating grid and the array of weight lines does not generate any point of concentrated shear stresses in the impermeable membrane.
- the impermeable membrane has segments that are quickly submersed under the liquid level during a rainstorm.
- the submersed segments extend along the keel member and along the weight lines. These submersed segments are advantageous for keeping the impermeable membrane in a taut condition during a rainstorm, and for reducing the formation of puddles and mounds thereon.
- the impermeable membrane has a series of drain holes therein.
- the drain holes are located in a central one third portion of the width of the impermeable membrane. Due to the location of these drain holes, the submersed segments remain present on the impermeable membrane for extended period of time following a rainstorm. Furthermore, the drain holes in the cover of the present invention represent a distinct advantage over the traditional use of hazardous electrical sump pumps.
- FIG. 1 is a partial perspective view of a floating cover according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention installed over a liquid reservoir;
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-section view of the floating cover
- FIG. 3 is a partial top view of the floating grid supporting the impermeable membrane
- FIG. 4 is a top view of a rectangular reservoir having the floating cover according to the preferred embodiment mounted thereon;
- FIG. 5 illustrates a cross-section of one of the drain holes through the impermeable membrane of the floating cover.
- FIGS. 1 and 2 A preferred embodiment of the flexible floating cover according to the present invention is partly illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the floating grid supporting the impermeable membrane of the floating cover is partly illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- FIGS. 1 and 2 A preferred embodiment of the flexible floating cover according to the present invention is partly illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the floating grid supporting the impermeable membrane of the floating cover is partly illustrated in FIG. 3 .
- the floating cover according to the preferred embodiment comprises a flexible water-impermeable membrane 20 which is anchored to the perimeter wall 22 of a reservoir.
- a flat bar 24 and a series of anchor bolts 26 are used for clamping the impermeable membrane 20 to the top edge of the wall 22 .
- the impermeable membrane 20 has sufficient surface to cover the reservoir at its lowest operating level.
- the flexible impermeable membrane 20 is preferably made of a stretch-resistant nylon-based pliable sheet material.
- the impermeable membrane 20 is loosely supported at the surface of the reservoir by a floating grid 30 .
- the floating grid is also anchored to the perimeter wall 22 by means of tie cables 32 and connector plates 34 mounted to the anchor bolts 26 .
- the floating grid 30 is made of a series of buoyant beams 36 attached to and extending from a keel member 38 set along the centre of the floating grid 30 .
- Each buoyant beam 36 has an inside end attached to the keel member 38 .
- the outside end of each buoyant beam 36 is retained to the perimeter wall by a tie cable 32 .
- Each buoyant beam 36 has a bag-like shape and is filled with chunks of foam or similar buoyant material.
- the envelope of each buoyant beam 36 is preferably made of a different material than the material of the impermeable membrane 20 .
- the envelope of each buoyant beam 36 is preferably made of a stretch-resistant polyethylene pliable sheet material. The difference in material between the impermeable membrane 20 and each buoyant beam 36 ensures that the two materials do not fuse together in use, when exposed to excessive heat from the sun's rays.
- each buoyant beam 36 is somewhat flexible lengthwise and widthwise to follow to a certain degree the wave movements of the liquid under the cover. Moreover, it has been found that the coefficient of friction between the buoyant beams 36 and the impermeable membrane 20 in the presence of a water is very low, whereby a relative movement of the impermeable membrane 20 over one of the buoyant beams 36 does not apply any significant tangential stress in the impermeable membrane 20 . It is believed that the flexibility of the buoyant beams 36 is also a contributing factor for providing a low stress contact between the impermeable membrane 20 and the buoyant beams 36 .
- the central keel member 38 is made of several plies of the same material as the buoyant beams 36 , that is a stretch-resistant polyethylene pliable sheet material.
- the keel member 38 is thereby relatively flexible and has a surface which offers a low coefficient of friction against the surface of the impermeable membrane 20 .
- the keel member 38 comprises a trough 40 and opposite horizontal flaps 42 , 44 extending from the trough.
- the buoyant beams 36 are attached to the flaps 42 , 44 and extend substantially at right angle with the keel member 38 .
- a series of perforations 45 through the bottom segment of the trough 40 evacuate the liquid that may be trapped inside the trough between the bottom segment of the trough and the central portion of the impermeable membrane 20 .
- the height ‘A’ of the trough 40 constitutes spare surface for accommodating the widthwise extension and contraction of the floating grid 30 and of the impermeable membrane 20 , as the liquid level changes inside the reservoir.
- the central portion of the impermeable membrane 20 accumulates in the central trough 40 .
- Optional transverse cables 46 may also be used between the outside ends of the buoyant beams 36 to retain the buoyant beams in a parallel orientation with each other.
- the use of transverse cables 46 is advantageous for stabilizing a floating grid 30 over a larger reservoir.
- a grommet 48 on the outside end of each buoyant beam 36 is used to retain cables 32 and 46 .
- the floating cover also comprises an array of lateral weight lines 50 laid over the impermeable membrane 20 , each being laid at about halfway between an adjacent pair the buoyant beams 36 .
- the lateral weight lines 50 are linked to a central weight line 52 which is laid inside the trough 40 of the keel member 38 .
- the lateral weight lines 50 and the central weight line 52 are made of a plurality of pipe sections filed with sand or concrete for example.
- the pipe sections in the lateral weight lines 50 and the central weight line 52 are linked to each other by rope 54 or light cable, such that each weight line is longitudinally flexible to follow the movement of the membrane with any wave action in the covered liquid.
- the outside end of each lateral weight line 50 is anchored to the perimeter wall 22 of the reservoir by means of an anchor cable 56 attached to an anchor tab 58 mounted to one an anchor bolt 26 above the membrane clamping flat bar 24 .
- weight lines 50 , 52 and the buoyant beams 36 are relatively flexible longitudinally, their movement relative to the impermeable membrane 20 do not apply significant concentrated shear stress in the impermeable membrane.
- the function of the central weight line 54 is to cause the flexible trough 40 to sink below the level of liquid inside the reservoir and to entrain the central portion of the impermeable membrane 20 inside the trough 40 .
- a first function of the lateral weight lines 50 is to cause lateral depressions on the membrane surface around several drain holes 60 through the impermeable membrane 20 .
- These drain holes 60 are located between the buoyant beams 36 , and in the central portion ‘B’ of the cover, as shown in FIG. 4 .
- This central portion ‘B’ represents about one third of the width ‘W’ of the cover.
- the ropes 54 of the weight line above a drain hole 60 are preferably attached to the drain hole to retain the weight line to that drain hole.
- the drain holes 60 are connected to each other and to one or more drain pipes 62 which are routed outside the reservoir.
- the flexible trough 40 accumulates a spare surface of the impermeable membrane 20 for accommodating extension and contraction of the impermeable membrane 20 across the width ‘W’ of the reservoir, when the liquid level changes inside the reservoir.
- a second function of the lateral weight lines 50 is to cooperate with the buoyant beams 36 and form peaks and valleys across the length ‘L’ of the reservoir to accumulate a spare surface of the impermeable membrane 20 along the length ‘L’ of the reservoir, to accommodate for the lengthwise extension and contraction of the impermeable membrane 20 as the liquid level change inside the reservoir.
- the lengths of the anchor cables 56 , of the tie cables 32 and of the intermediate ropes 54 , and the height ‘A’ of the trough 40 are selected to allow unrestricted vertical movement of the impermeable membrane 20 over the expected level variations of the liquid inside the reservoir.
- FIG. 4 also illustrates a typical accumulation of rainwater over the cover.
- the buoyant beams 36 cause transverse ridges in the impermeable membrane 20
- the lateral weight lines 50 causes depressions in the membrane between the ridges.
- Rainwater accumulates inside the trough 40 and in the depressions much like according to the illustrated contour line 64 .
- As rainwater is evacuated through the drain holes 60 the size of the puddles recedes toward the central trough 40 until the water line is within the central region of the cover such as illustrated by label 66 .
- the rainwater remaining inside and along the central trough 40 is slowly evacuated by evaporation.
- the floating grid 30 , the impermeable membrane 20 and the array of weight lines 50 , 52 are free to move relative to each other. Therefore, any liquid movement under the membrane 20 is less susceptible of applying excessive tangential stress in the membrane.
- the ridges created by the buoyant beams 36 still offer gas passages under the membrane 20 whereby any off-gas generated by the content of the reservoir can be evacuated along the buoyant beams 36 and toward the perimeter wall 22 of the reservoir, such as illustrated by arrows 72 .
- Each drain hole 60 has an inverted Y-shaped fitting 80 , the legs 82 of which retain segments of the drain hose 62 .
- the fitting 80 has a flange 84 which is bolted to a pair of washers 86 , one on each side of the impermeable membrane 20 .
- the washers 86 have an inside diameter ‘D’ which is larger than the maximum width ‘C’ of the fitting 80 , across the legs 82 .
- the fitting 80 is removable from the washers 86 by removing a series of bolts 88 .
- the fitting 80 and the drain hose segments 62 are retrievable from under the impermeable membrane 20 through the opening ‘D’, for inspection, repair or replacement of the drainage system, without removing the cover.
Abstract
Description
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/690,716 US6338169B1 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2000-10-18 | Floating cover for large liquid reservoir |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US09/690,716 US6338169B1 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2000-10-18 | Floating cover for large liquid reservoir |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US6338169B1 true US6338169B1 (en) | 2002-01-15 |
Family
ID=24773642
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US09/690,716 Expired - Lifetime US6338169B1 (en) | 2000-10-18 | 2000-10-18 | Floating cover for large liquid reservoir |
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Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6497533B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2002-12-24 | Degarie Claude J. | Drainage system with membrane cover and method for covering wastewater reservoir |
US6517285B2 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2003-02-11 | Warwick Roy Hill | Method and system for water conservation |
US6612079B2 (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2003-09-02 | Degarie Claude J. | Clarifier cover |
US6817042B1 (en) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-11-16 | Eric Stanneck | Pool cover drain |
US20050055761A1 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-03-17 | Eric Stanneck | Pool cover drain |
US6957932B1 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2005-10-25 | Schillinger James K | Benthic screen for controlling aquatic plant growth |
US20050242023A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-03 | Degarie Claude J | Method for breaking a flap-valve attachment condition under a membrane cover |
US20050252093A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-11-17 | Degarie Claude J | Membrane-covered reservoir having a hatchway therein |
FR2879640A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-23 | Alain Bouvier | Swimming pool cover e.g. winter cover and summer cover, for e.g. protecting water in pool tank, has screen comprising grid filters for filtering impurities in rain water and fixation unit for fixing screen on periphery of floating structure |
US20080120771A1 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-05-29 | Richard Rayner | Swimming pool cover assembly |
US20080317551A1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-25 | Phillip John Bennett | Evaporation retarding cover |
US20110233215A1 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | Ben Afeef Mohammed A | Storage tank floating roof sump with emergency overflow |
US8221030B1 (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2012-07-17 | Versaflex, Inc. | Cover for a liquid reservoir |
US20140157508A1 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-12 | Cover-Pools Incorporated | Systems and methods for removing standing water from a cover |
WO2020226507A1 (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-12 | Equinor Energy As | Submerged storage of hydrocarbon fluids |
Citations (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3313443A (en) | 1964-06-26 | 1967-04-11 | Globe Linings Inc | Floating cover for a liquid storage reservoir |
US3683428A (en) | 1970-06-01 | 1972-08-15 | Lester Morris | Rigid, buoyant, insulating and rapid folding swimming pool covers |
US3980199A (en) | 1974-08-16 | 1976-09-14 | Globe Linings, Inc. | Gas venting for floating cover |
US3991900A (en) * | 1975-10-01 | 1976-11-16 | Burke Industries, Inc. | Reservoir cover and canalizing means |
US4000527A (en) * | 1975-08-26 | 1977-01-04 | Vinyl-Fab Industries, Inc. | Swimming pool cover floating support |
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US4181986A (en) | 1973-06-05 | 1980-01-08 | Aine Harry E | Method of covering and uncovering a swimming pool |
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US4446983A (en) * | 1982-01-07 | 1984-05-08 | Burke Industries, Inc. | Reservoir cover having a defined peripheral sump |
US4503988A (en) | 1984-09-17 | 1985-03-12 | Burke Industries, Inc. | Gas collecting tensioned reservoir cover |
US4603790A (en) | 1985-03-11 | 1986-08-05 | Burke Industries, Inc. | Tensioned reservoir cover, rainwater run-off enhancement system |
US4672691A (en) | 1985-12-06 | 1987-06-16 | Adi Limited | Bulk volume fermenter |
US5505848A (en) | 1991-01-31 | 1996-04-09 | Adi Limited | Fermentation apparatus |
US6119284A (en) * | 1999-04-29 | 2000-09-19 | Cosman; Derek | Floating pool cover support |
-
2000
- 2000-10-18 US US09/690,716 patent/US6338169B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (17)
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US3313443A (en) | 1964-06-26 | 1967-04-11 | Globe Linings Inc | Floating cover for a liquid storage reservoir |
US3683428A (en) | 1970-06-01 | 1972-08-15 | Lester Morris | Rigid, buoyant, insulating and rapid folding swimming pool covers |
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US4503988A (en) | 1984-09-17 | 1985-03-12 | Burke Industries, Inc. | Gas collecting tensioned reservoir cover |
US4603790A (en) | 1985-03-11 | 1986-08-05 | Burke Industries, Inc. | Tensioned reservoir cover, rainwater run-off enhancement system |
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Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6612079B2 (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2003-09-02 | Degarie Claude J. | Clarifier cover |
US20040006925A1 (en) * | 2000-06-21 | 2004-01-15 | Maclean Brian R. | Clarifier cover |
US6865754B2 (en) | 2000-06-21 | 2005-03-15 | Maclean Brian | Clarifier cover |
US6497533B2 (en) | 2000-11-16 | 2002-12-24 | Degarie Claude J. | Drainage system with membrane cover and method for covering wastewater reservoir |
US6517285B2 (en) * | 2001-03-13 | 2003-02-11 | Warwick Roy Hill | Method and system for water conservation |
US6978493B2 (en) | 2003-08-06 | 2005-12-27 | Eric Stanneck | Pool cover drain |
US6817042B1 (en) | 2003-08-06 | 2004-11-16 | Eric Stanneck | Pool cover drain |
US20050055761A1 (en) * | 2003-08-06 | 2005-03-17 | Eric Stanneck | Pool cover drain |
US7430834B2 (en) | 2004-04-06 | 2008-10-07 | Geomembrane Technologies Inc. | Membrane-covered reservoir having a hatchway therein |
US20050252093A1 (en) * | 2004-04-06 | 2005-11-17 | Degarie Claude J | Membrane-covered reservoir having a hatchway therein |
US7309431B2 (en) | 2004-04-30 | 2007-12-18 | Degarie Claude J | Method for breaking a flap-valve attachment condition under a membrane cover |
US20050242023A1 (en) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-11-03 | Degarie Claude J | Method for breaking a flap-valve attachment condition under a membrane cover |
US6957932B1 (en) * | 2004-06-25 | 2005-10-25 | Schillinger James K | Benthic screen for controlling aquatic plant growth |
FR2879640A1 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2006-06-23 | Alain Bouvier | Swimming pool cover e.g. winter cover and summer cover, for e.g. protecting water in pool tank, has screen comprising grid filters for filtering impurities in rain water and fixation unit for fixing screen on periphery of floating structure |
US20080120771A1 (en) * | 2006-11-27 | 2008-05-29 | Richard Rayner | Swimming pool cover assembly |
US20080317551A1 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2008-12-25 | Phillip John Bennett | Evaporation retarding cover |
US8221030B1 (en) * | 2009-07-02 | 2012-07-17 | Versaflex, Inc. | Cover for a liquid reservoir |
US8936412B1 (en) | 2009-07-02 | 2015-01-20 | Versaflex, Inc. | Cover for a liquid reservoir |
WO2011119429A1 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Storage tank floating roof sump with emergency overflow |
US8302797B2 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2012-11-06 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Storage tank floating roof sump with emergency overflow |
US8746482B2 (en) | 2010-03-23 | 2014-06-10 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Storage tank floating roof sump with emergency overflow |
US20110233215A1 (en) * | 2010-03-23 | 2011-09-29 | Ben Afeef Mohammed A | Storage tank floating roof sump with emergency overflow |
US20140157508A1 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2014-06-12 | Cover-Pools Incorporated | Systems and methods for removing standing water from a cover |
US10138643B2 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2018-11-27 | Cover-Pools Incorporated | Systems and methods for removing standing water from a cover |
WO2020226507A1 (en) * | 2019-05-07 | 2020-11-12 | Equinor Energy As | Submerged storage of hydrocarbon fluids |
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